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Biomedical subjects

R Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to R Phillips.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

External beam irradiation of prostate cancer. Experience in 163 patients.

From 1973 to 1979, 163 patients with biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with a curative intent utilizing megavoltage external beam irradiation at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center or Lutheran General Hospital. The actuarial survival at 5 years for the whole group is 78%. Survival was found to depend on initial stage and grade of disease. Local failure alone occurred in 3% of the patients, yet represented a component of failure in 7%. The effects of stage, grade, dose and field size on survival, patterns of failure and complications are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Suppression of interleukin-2 production by human concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells.

When PHA-activated normal responder cells (R cells) were cocultured with mononuclear cells (MN cells) which had been preincubated for 48 hr in medium alone (C cells) an enhanced proliferative response was observed. This enhancement was only obtained when the R cells were cultured with allogeneic C cells or when PHA was in the cocultures for the entire culture period. This effect was due to greater production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by irradiated C cells in the presence of allogeneic or mitogenic stimulation. Con A-treated mononuclear cells (S cells) cultured with PHA-activated allogeneic or autologous responder cells showed reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation and IL-2 production as compared to activated R cells alone. Glutaraldehyde-treated S cells (which retained the ability to absorb IL-2) did not affect the proliferative response or IL-2 production by the R cells, indicating that passive absorption of IL-2 was not entirely responsible for suppression induced by S cells. S cells, pretreated with IL-2, still inhibited R-cell activity. These results show that Con A-treated MN cells suppressed or prevented [3H]thymidine incorporation by actively inhibiting IL-2 production.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1984

Effects of desoxycorticosterone acetate on magnesium metabolism in potassium-depleted rats.

Metabolic balance studies were performed in two groups of 6 rats each, pair-fed a diet deficient in potassium. While one group was injected with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) for 11 days, the other group, used as a control, was injected with oil. The administration of DOCA suppressed or reversed the thirst, natriuresis, diuresis, calciuria and magnesiuria that developed in the potassium-deficient control group. Potassium-depleted DOCA-treated rats had a more positive water and sodium balance, experienced a significant expansion in plasma volume, had a more negative potassium balance and had a lower plasma potassium concentration. Magnesium balance decreased in the group fed the diet deficient in potassium and injected with oil but it rose towards control levels in the group fed the same diet and treated with DOCA. As the content of potassium in muscle decreased in rats fed the diet deficient in potassium and injected with oil, the concentration of magnesium in muscle also fell and the plasma concentration of magnesium increased. Thus, the hypermagnesemia of potassium depletion could be explained by the shifting of magnesium from tissue into the extracellular space. The partial compensation of the hypermagnesemia observed in the potassium-deficient group injected with DOCA may be the result of the hemodilution secondary to plasma expansion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Platelet size in myocardial infarction.

The mean platelet volume and platelet count were measured serially in 100 patients soon after myocardial infarction and again at a follow up clinic about seven weeks later. The results were compared with those in age matched controls. The mean platelet volume after infarction (mean 9.07 fl (SE 0.08] was significantly greater than in the controls (8.32 fl (SE 0.07); p less than 0.001), and was still raised at the follow up clinic (8.69 fl (SE 0.10); p less than 0.01). The mean platelet count on admission (275 X 10(9)/1 (SE 7] was significantly lower than in the control group (295 X 10(9)/1 (SE 5); p less than 0.05) and fell significantly during admission, with a mean change of -36 X 10(9)/1 (95% confidence limits -26, -45; p less than 0.01). At the follow up clinic the platelet count had risen to a level not significantly different from the admission value. As larger platelets are haemostatically more active, the finding of an increased mean platelet volume after myocardial infarction provides further evidence that abnormal platelet behaviour may be implicated in the process of infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Preoperative urography in large bowel cancer: a useless investigation?

The utility of intravenous urography (IVU) in the preoperative assessment of patients with adenocarcinoma of the large bowel has been investigated in 4226 patients derived from a prospective multicentre study entitled the Large Bowel Cancer Project. An IVU was carried out in 956 of these patients (22.6 per cent), subsequent surgery revealed unsuspected direct urinary tract involvement in 75. However, 42 (56 per cent) had shown no IVU abnormality. Twenty patients having a clinical colovesical fistula had had a preoperative IVU. Only half showed an abnormality. In the entire study group, 10 nephrectomies and 40 other concomitant urinary tract resections were performed. Four of these nephrectomies were associated with right-sided tumours. A significantly higher number of patients with a rectal primary had a preoperative IVU. The value of routine preoperative urography before large bowel cancer surgery is questioned, and other methods of determining function in the other kidney before nephrectomy should be sought.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Activation of carboxylesterases in root cortical parenchymal cells of Pisum sativum during xylem induction in vitro.

A quantitative cytochemical study of naphthol AS-D esterase activity in explants from roots of Pisum sativum grown on basal medium for 3 or 6 days showed similar levels of activity to those seen in sections of cortex and stele from intact roots of similar ages. Explants grown in the presence of auxins or cytokinin alone showed a threefold or twofold increase in cortical parenchymal activity, respectively. On adding both hormones to initiate xylem element formation, there was also a threefold increase in activity in the cortex. In all three cases, the stimulated activity was totally inhibited by either 10(-4) M diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) or 10(-4) M diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate (E600), indicating carboxylesterase activity. The low level of activity normally present in cortical cells was inhibitor resistant, so indicating acetylesterase activity. Thus, auxins and cytokinins appear to activate mainly similar carboxylesterases during the initiation of xylem elements from cortical parenchyma cells.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Studies on induced tracheary element differentiation in cultured tissues of tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus.

A model system for the study of cell differentiation in plants is described. Tracheary elements differentiate from storage parenchyma cells in cultured explants of the Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, in the presence of auxin and cytokinin. Differentiation occurs in G1 cells following three successive divisions of precursor cells; the onset of secondary wall deposition follows within 6--8 h of the final mitosis. Differentiation is inhibited by levels of FUdR, actinomycin-D, cycloheximide or gamma-irradiation sufficient to block mitosis. Inhibition was equally effective whether blocking treatments were applied at the beginning of the culture period or after one or two rounds of mitosis.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1983

The effect of hydrocortisone (HC) on sodium periodate and phytohemagglutinin-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation and lymphokine production by human lymphocytes.

Hydrocortisone (HC) in pharmacologically attainable concentrations was shown to inhibit mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis. When adherent and nonadherent cells were treated separately with hydrocortisone and then reconstituted, treatment of either cell population resulted in a diminished mitogen-activated response. HC-treated adherent cells produced less interleukin 1 (IL-1) than control cells, and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by HC-treated lymphocytes was also reduced. This latter finding could not be reversed by adding IL-1-containing adherent cell supernatants to the culture systems. Leukocyte inhibiting factor (LIF) production by sodium periodate-activated mononuclear cells was also reduced after HC treatment, but could be corrected by adding IL-1-containing adherent cell supernatants to the cultures. PHA-induced LIF production, which is less dependent upon adherent cells and their products, was not affected by HC treatment. It is concluded that HC exerts its suppressive effect by independently inhibiting IL-1 production by adherent cells and IL-2 production by lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The relative importance of the classical and alternative complement pathways in serum bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli.

The relative importance of the classical and alternative complement pathways in serum bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli strains of the common urinary O-serogroups has been assessed with strains that differ widely in their sensitivity to normal human serum. With most promptly serum-sensitive strains, rapid killing occurred, mediated by the classical pathway and, when this pathway was eliminated, delayed killing by alternative-pathway activity occurred. However, one strain of serogroup O1 was affected by the classical pathway only and a strain of serogroup O9 was killed rapidly by the alternative pathway. Strains with delayed sensitivity to normal human serum were largely, and in some cases exclusively, affected by the classical pathway. When added to heat-inactivated serum, some strains showed no significant growth whereas the viable numbers of other test strains increased more than 50-fold in 3 h. Whether this variation is due to differences in nutritional requirements or sensitivity to some non-complement-dependent bacteriostatic mechanism remains to be determined.

Complement System Proteins↗
PubMed1983

The effect of interleukin 1(IL-1) containing supernatants on murine thymocyte maturation.

IL-1 containing supernatants were produced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated adherent human mononuclear cells. Thymocytes from 4--6-week-old BALB/c mice were pretreated with IL-1 containing supernatants or control supernatants. IL-1 containing supernatant pretreated thymocytes when added to enriched splenic B cells increased the proliferative response of these cells after PWM activation. IL-1 pretreated thymocytes furthermore, increased the number of immunoglobulin secreting cells in the mouse splenocyte population, as compared to control supernatant pretreated thymocytes. These results indicate that IL-1 matures thymocytes into predominantly helper cells which augment B cell proliferation and antibody production.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Serum resistance among Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infection in relation to O type and the carriage of hemolysin, colicin, and antibiotic resistance determinants.

The sensitivity to normal human serum of 91 smooth strains of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections was determined. Production of hemolysin, which was common and associated primarily with the types O4, O6, O18, and O75, was significantly correlated with high levels of serum resistance, both within the total population and within individual O types. In contrast, serum resistance was not significantly associated with antibiotic resistance (whether transmissible or not), with colicinogeny in general, or with colicin V production in particular. This indicates that the carriage of R and ColV plasmids, shown previously to be capable of conferring increased levels of serum resistance on individual strains of E. coli isolated from other sources, does not play an important part in determining the serum sensitivity of the E. coli population involved in urinary tract infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗