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Biomedical subjects

R Pauwels

Publications and source records attributed to R Pauwels.

264 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

Management of COPD according to guidelines. A national survey among Belgian physicians.

Current management of COPD by Belgian physicians was compared with the recommendations of the recently published GOLD guidelines. A random sample of 386 general practitioners and 86 pulmonologists filled in a questionnaire based on the GOLD guidelines and examining their attitudes towards COPD management. Several important deviations from the guidelines were noted. Only few GP's performed spirometry themselves and about 55% of the diagnoses were not based on spirometry. Both GP's and pulmonologists used inhaled corticosteroids considerably more often than prescribed by the guidelines, with 49% and 25% respectively, prescribing them to all COPD patients. Chronic systemic steroids were also overused in stable disease, with 55% of the GP's and 52% of the pulmonologists prescribing them in patients with repeated exacerbations. GP's did not use enough systemic corticosteroids and overused antibiotics in the treatment of exacerbations. Pulmonologists did not pay enough attention to pulmonary rehabilitation, as only 44% of them had a structured programme. Pulmonologists did not use non-invasive ventilation frequently enough in the treatment of exacerbations, as only 22% would use it in the correct indication. Both GP's and pulmonologists did not prescribe enough pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, with 35% and 46%, respectively using it. Some interesting differences between Dutch and French speaking physicians were noted. These specific deviations from the guidelines will be addressed in a second phase implementation project.

Belgium↗

Synergistic mechanisms in the adenosine- and neuropeptide-induced bronchoconstriction.

Neuropeptides and purines are possible neurotransmitters of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic nervous system of the airways. We investigated possible synergistic mechanisms between these two bronchoconstricting agents in a rat model. We observed that both adenosine and tachykinins enhance histamine release in the airways and that adenosine and neurokinin A act synergistically both on airway narrowing and histamine release.

Acetylcholine↗

The influence of different adjuvants on the production of IgD and IgE antibodies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the synthesis of IgD and IgE antibodies upon the administration of antigen. Different adjuvants were used in order to find the optimal way of inducing in rats the synthesis of IgD and IgE antibodies. Ovalbumin was used as antigen. Fair amounts of IgE antibodies were produced using Al(OH)3 or Bordetella pertussis and Al(OH)3 as adjuvant. Only small quantities of IgE antibodies were formed when either Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or no adjuvant were used. IgD antibodies are formed upon the immunization with ovalbumin and FCA or B. pertussis in combination with Al(OH)3. Using Al(OH)3 alone as adjuvant or antigen alone resulted in only very minute quantities of specific IgD. Total serum IgE levels raised in the rats immunized with Al(OH)3 or B. pertussis and Al(OH)3. Total serum IgD was increased after immunization with ovalbumin and B. pertussis in combination with Al(OH)3.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

[Effect of corticosteroids on the action of sympathomimetics].

Corticosteroids restore the bronchial responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulants in man. This has been shown both in severe asthmatic patients and in normal subjects, rendered insensitive by artificial means. On the contrary, in patients with bronchial asthma who have airways reactive to beta-adrenergic stimulants, the combination of corticosteroids and sympathicomimetics results in an additive effect of their bronchodilating capacity. Animal models, both in vivo and in vitro, show the same type of interaction between corticosteroids and beta-adrenergic stimulants. The mechanism by which corticosteroids restore the bronchial sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation is not completely understood. Several mechanisms may be involved such as increased agonist binding, decreased receptor turn-over, increased uncoupling between receptor and adenylcyclase, decreased extraneuronal uptake, decreased COMT-activity. The relevance of the influence of corticosteroids on the metabolism of membrane phospholipids remains highly speculative.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

Immunoglobulin production in nude rats with special attention to the IgE isotype.

The production of immunoglobulins has been studied in Nude (rnu/rnu) rats as well as in their controls (RNU/+). A prototype of humoral T-dependent immune response, the anti-DNP-OVO reaginic production was found very low in Nude rats by comparison to their controls. The percentage of Ig-bearing cells in mesenteric lymph nodes was increased to about the double of those of the control. This percentage can be explained by the absence or at least the great depletion of the thymus derived lymphocytes. On the contrary, the Ig serum levels were rather normal and could correspond to T-independent antigenic stimulation and to membrane immunoglobulin shedding, at least for the IgE isotype.

Animals↗

In vitro measurement of specific rat IgE antibodies.

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring specific rat IgE antibodies. The method used in base on the principle of the paper radio allergo sorbent technique (PRAST) as described by Wide et al. [11]. There is a good correlation between PRAST results and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) titer. Inhibition tests with different purified monoclonal immunoglobulins show the specificity of this in vitro technique for measuring IgE antibodies. PRAST is in general somewhat more sensitive than the PCA test.

Animals↗