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Biomedical subjects

R Pauwels

Publications and source records attributed to R Pauwels.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Sarcoidosis or malignancy: a diagnostic dilemma.

Differentiating sarcoidosis from malignant neoplasms is not always easy. Sarcoidosis may present with bronchial stenosis and pseudotumorous formations in the lung and in various other organs. Conversely, metastatic or lymphomatous invasion of thoracic lymph nodes more often closely resembles the bilateral hilar adenopathies of sarcoidosis. Asymmetric lymph node swelling, while suggestive of malignancy, does not rule out sarcoidosis. Regional or generalised granuloma formation may occur in patients with malignant lymphoma or carcinoma of the lung, probably in reaction to neoplastic tissue. Its influence on prognosis remains obscure, but awareness of its possible presence is necessary in the diagnosis and staging of cancer. The present evidence does not indicate that sarcoidosis predisposes to malignant tumours.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1983

Mediators and non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity.

Bronchial hyperreactivity is a major if not an essential characteristic of bronchial asthma. The relation between mediators and non-specific bronchial reactivity is an essential question in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. This is reflected in the different hypotheses on pathogenesis. The bronchial reaction to mediators is determined by the pre-existing degree of non specific bronchial reactivity. Bronchial reactivity to histamine or prostaglandin F2 alfa is related to the bronchial metacholine-reactivity. The bronchial lability to exercise or cold air and the immediate bronchoconstriction after allergen inhalation are also determined by the non specific bronchial reactivity. On the other hand, several observations support the concept that mediators modify the non specific bronchial reactivity. The non specific bronchial reactivity increases during the pollen season. Disodiumcromoglycate, a known inhibitor of mediator release, prevents the seasonal increase in bronchial reactivity. The increased bronchial reactivity in patients with allergic rhinitis may also be related to local mediator release. Exposure to ozone and viral upper respiratory tract infections enhance the bronchial reactivity. Avoidance of house dust mite exposure in mite sensitive asthmatics decreases the bronchial reactivity. The same observation has been made after withdrawal from occupational exposure. In experimentally induced asthma, the late asthmatic reaction after allergen inhalation is followed by an increase in nonspecific bronchial reactivity. Mediator release may enhance non specific bronchial reactivity in several ways. Increase of mucosal permeability, modification of sensory nerve endings, alteration of the efferent vagal motor pathway, enhancement of the effect of other mediators, influx of secondary cells, modification of cell receptors and changes in smooth muscle contractility have all been suggested. Mediator release and non specific bronchial reactivity thus appear to be interrelated characteristics of bronchial asthma. Individual differences in the clinical importance of the two characteristics may have therapeutic significance.

Allergens↗
PubMed1983

Thyroid carcinoma and eosinophilia.

An elderly woman with a thyroid nodule slowly growing over ten years is described. During follow-up, this patient developed a rapidly expanding thyroid tumour, multiple lung nodules, hypercalcaemia and pronounced eosinophilia. A needle biopsy of the thyroid revealed a giant-cell carcinoma. This was later confirmed at autopsy. Tumour associated blood eosinophilia has rarely been described with thyroid carcinoma and is discussed here.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Anti-IgE and Con A-induced histamine release from mast cells of four rat strains: correlation with total serum IgE.

Anti-IgE- and Con A-induced histamine release from serosal mast cells were compared to each other and to total serum levels of IgE in non-immunized, alum-injected, and Silica gel-injected rats of the BN, Fischer, PVG, and SD strains. The results indicate that the degree of anti-IgE- and Con A-induced release is strain-dependent and varies with immunization conditions. Furthermore, there is a gross but not complete correlation between the degree of serosal mast cell histamine release induced by the two secretagogues. However, Con A- or anti-IgE-induced release could significantly be correlated to serum levels of total IgE only in the Fischer strain but not in the BN or the PVG strains. In the SD strain, Con A-induced release correlated to serum IgE levels in Silica gel-injected but not in alum-injected animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Relation between bronchial reactivity to antigen in vivo and serum IgE and IgG2a antibody levels in rats.

Sprague Dawley rats were immunized with graded doses of ovalbumin (OA) together with alum. The capacity of the animals to produce a bronchial anaphylactic response to intravenous antigen challenge was related to serum OA-IgE and OA-IgG2a antibody levels estimated by radioimmunoassay. A significant correlation between bronchial anaphylactic response capacity and OA-IgE antibody levels was found under a few, but not all, of several carefully chosen experimental conditions. No correlation was demonstrable between the in vivo reactivity of the animals and their serum levels of OA-specific IgG2a antibodies.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of budesonide, a selective glucocorticoid.

Budesonide is a highly potent non-halogenated glucocorticoid intended for the local treatment of lung disease. Budesonide is designed to have a high ratio between local and systemic effects. The biotransformation of 3H-budesonide was studied in vitro and compared to the biotransformation of 3H-triamcinolone acetonide and 3H-beclomethasone dipropionate. Budesonide was degraded 3--6 times as rapidly as triamcinolone acetonide in human and rat liver, respectively. Beclomethasone dipropionate was immediately hydrolyzed to the monopropionate in human liver. The degradation of beclomethasone monopropionate is the step that represents the major loss in biological activity and this step was only about one fourth as fast as the degradation of budesonide. 6 beta-hydroxy budesonide and 16 alpha-hydroxy prednisolone are two of the main metabolites of budesonide in human liver. The formation of these metabolites are important inactivation steps. The pharmacokinetics of 3H-budesonide was studied in healthy male volunteers after inhalation, oral and intravenous administration. The plasma half-life was 2.8 +/- 1.1 h (mean +/- SD), distribution volume 301.3 +/ 41.7 1 and plasma clearance 83.7 +/- 27.5 1/h. The systemic availability was 10.7 +/- 4.3% after oral administration and 72.8 +/- 42.0% after inhalation, corrected for the amounts of substance deposited in the inhalation device and oral cavity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The combined effect of theophylline and terbutaline in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases.

Using a double-blind, cross-over design the acute bronchodilating effect of 375 mg microcrystalline theophylline, 5 mg terbutaline, a combination of both drugs and placebo was studied in 11 patients suffering from moderate to severe chronic obstructive lung disease with partially reversible airway obstruction. Plasma concentrations both theophylline and terbutaline were measured. The bronchodilation produced by oral intake of 5 mg terbutaline and 375 mg theophylline was comparable. The maximal median value of terbutaline in plasma was 4.6 ng/ml 2 h after intake of medication, followed by a decline with a double peak in some patients. The maximal median increase of FEV1 was 37% 3 h after intake of medication. The maximal median plasma level of theophylline reached 12.5 ng/ml 30 min after intake of the medication. The median maximal increase of FEV1 was 24%. One hour after intake of medication and throughout the whole test period up to 7 h, the combination of 5 mg terbutaline and 375 mg theophylline produced a significantly greater bronchodilation than each drug alone. It is concluded that 375 mg microcrystalline theophylline produced a significantly greater bronchodilation than each drug alone. It is concluded that 375 mg microcrystalline theophylline and 5 mg terbutaline produces almost equal bronchodilating activity: a combination of both drugs, however, results in further bronchodilation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium xenopi. Report of two cases.

Two patients with pulmonary disease due to M. xenopi are presented. Predisposing factors were alcoholism in one patient and previous tuberculosis with emphysema in the other. Whereas the disease was successfully treated in the first, M. xenopi was implicated as a contributory factor to death in the second. Histological examination in the latter case allowed no distinction from ordinary tuberculosis. A review of the literature suggests that infection with M. xenopi should be treated with a combination of rifampicin, isoniazid and one second-line drug, adjustments being made as results of sensitivity testing become available.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Inhibitory effect of KWD 2131, terbutaline, and DSCG on the immediate and late allergen-induced bronchoconstriction.

Beta-adrenoceptor stimulants exhibit both bronchodilating and anti-allergic activities. KWD 2131 is a new beta-agonist with preferably anti allergic property. In an earlier study, nebulized KWD 2131 in a non-bronchodilating dose (0.25--0.50 mg) did not give significant protection against immediate reaction. The present study evaluated whether an increased nebulized dose of the new compound (5 mg) could protect against either immediate and/or late responses. The response was compared with a nebulized dose of terbutaline (5 mg) and with twice the recommended dose DSCG (40 mg). The study included 10 patients with known allergic asthma. It was designed as a single-blind cross-over trial with randomized allocation of the drugs. Lung functions were measured spirometrically and by body-plethysmograph; flow volume curves were drawn. KWD 2131 gave no significant protection against immediate reaction. Both terbutaline and DSCG did so, terbutaline being more efficient. Contrary to the beta-agonists, DSCG also gave protection against late response.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗