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Biomedical subjects

R Palma

Publications and source records attributed to R Palma.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of increased amounts of pectin on a solid-liquid meal digestion in healthy man.

The effect of three concentrations of high-methoxy apple pectin (5, 10, and 15 g), on solid-liquid meal digestion was studied in 12 healthy men by the gastrointestinal intubation technique. The gastric emptying of water and carbohydrates is significantly reduced only after 10 and 15 g pectin. The changes in gastric pH are similar for pectin-free and pectin-containing meals. Cumulative lipase and trypsin outputs are not significantly different with and without pectin. When gastric uronic acid concentration is above 6 g/l, the duodenal absorption of carbohydrates is significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). The mean blood glucose levels with 10 and 15 g pectin are significantly higher than the control values at 180 min (p less than 0.05). Pectin does not modify serum concentrations of secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and somatostatin but serum motilin and gastrin levels are below the control values after high fiber meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Maximal capacity for fluid absorption in human bowel.

The intestinal handling of fluid has been studied in ten healthy volunteers while an isotonic saline solution (NaCl 140 mM, KC1 5 mM) was perfused into the stomach at rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml/min. Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000), as a nonabsorbable marker, was infused into the second portion of duodenum, and the intestinal contents were sampled continuously at a steady rate at 25, 50, 155, and 180 cm distally. Radiological assessment showed that the proximal sampling point was located at the angle of Treitz when the distal site was usually in the terminal ileum. Stools were collected for the following 12 hr. Volumes sampled from each site were used as a correction for volumes calculated at each distal site. The absorption rates of water (0.035 ml), sodium (4.72 muEq), and potassium ((0.18 183 muEq) per minute and per centimeter of bowel were constant along the small intestine and were independent of the perfusion rate. Stools only appeared when terminal ileal input to the colon was above 6 ml/min. When this occurred, the net absorption of water by the colon was 2.7 +/- 0.3 ml/min whatever the rate fluid entered the colon. A significant positive correlation was observed between ileal outputs and volume of stools.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of colonic distension on exocrine pancreatic secretion of the conscious rat].

In the conscious rat the increasing distension of the colon (from 2 to 6 ml) induced a slight decrease of exocrine pancreatic secretion which was more important for protein output than for volume. Nevertheless this inhibitory effect was never significant even with the important distension of 6 ml which induced a visible uneasiness in the animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Secretion of biliary lipids in young Chilean women with cholesterol gallstones.

The early appearance of cholesterol gallstones is very common in Chile. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, the size of the bile acid pool and the secretion of biliary lipids were studied in two groups of young women with normal weights and radiologically functioning gallbladders: nine with cholesterol gallstones and 14 healthy volunteers. The bile acid pool was similar in control and gallstone patients. The secretory rates of bile acids and phospholipids were comparable and significantly correlated in both groups. On the other hand, cholesterol output was higher in gallstone patients. In controls there was a significant correlation between the output of bile acids and cholesterol, but no correlation was found in the gallstone group. This study suggests that cholesterol hypersecretion into the bile is a major factor in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease in young Chilean women with normal weights.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between changes in lactase activity and monosaccharide uptake in the small intestine of the rat during development.

The relationship between changes in intestinal lactase activity and monosaccharide uptake was studied in rats of different ages using the technique of intestinal everted sacs. In the postweaning period there is a sharp decrease in the rate of glucose and galactose uptake by the small intestinal mucosa. This change occurs simultaneously with a decrease in lactase activity in the tissue. The kinetic analysis showed a lower Vmax for monosaccharide uptake in the 50-days-old rats as compared with the fifteen-days-old animals, with no change in the apparent Kt. The addition of Tris+ (40 mM) to the incubation media was found to produce a decrease in Vmax for monosaccharide uptake only in the suckling rats but not in the 50-days-old animals; the K1 remained unchanged. Tris+, at the concentration used had previously been shown to completely inhibit lactase activity in homogenates of small intestinal mucosa. These observations lead us to postulate the lactase in the suckling rat might possess a translocating role for sugar, in addition to its hydrolytic function. The decrease in sugar uptake after weaning could be explained by the disappearance of this role.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Planning a food and nutrition surveillance system: the example of Honduras.

A description of the preliminary steps in establishing a food and nutrition surveillance system in a country of Central America is presented in outline. The system will provide the basis for policy formulation, program planning, and evaluation. It is organized on the basis of the participation and resources of seven national agencies and will operate at the local, regional, and central level.

Food Services↗
PubMed1978

Effect of aging on biliary lipid composition and bile acid metabolism in normal Chilean women.

Biliary lipid composition was determined in fasting gallbladder bile of 12 young and 12 elderly asymptomatic Chilean women with normal weights and recent, normal cholecystograms. The proportion of biliary cholesterol and the lithogenic index were significantly higher in elderly females. Moreover, supersaturated bile was present in 8.3% of the young and in 41.7% of the older women studied. Obesity enhances the saturation of bile in older females: lithogenic bile was found in 100% of 4 elderly, obese women with radiologically normal gallbladders. The bile acid pool and cholic acid metabolism were studied in 5 young and 4 older normal females. Both groups showed similar values of bile acid pool, cholic acid synthesis, and turnover. These results indicate that aging per se modifies the proportions of biliary lipids in Chilean women, and provide a partial explanation for the frequency of gallstones observed among them. The increment in the lithogenic index of gallbladder bile with age takes place without significant changes in bile acid metabolism, suggesting that the canalicular secretion of cholesterol increases with aging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[An echocardiographic study of the anatomo-functional alterations of the left ventricle in patients with different degrees of systemic hypertension (author's transl)].

An evaluation of the functional state of the left ventricle through an estimate of the mean Vcf (Vcf) and the ejection fraction (EF) was made i- 30 patients, subdivided into groups according to average blood pressure rate, degree of severity of the retinographic alterations and ECG pattern. In addition, the thickness of the interventricular septum (S), the posterior wall (PP) and the S/PP were measured. Lastly, the mass of the left ventricle was determined through the following formula: mass = (h1+h2+Dd)3 -- Dd3X1,050. Only one patient was under treatment with beta-blocking drugs, and no patient presented clinical symptoms of cardiac decompensation. The Vcf and the EF did not deteriorize when the hypertensive pattern worsened, while there was an expansion of the thickness of the S and an increase in the mass of the left ventricular. The increase of the ventricular mass, however, was not always found to be associated with normal functionality, nor was an increase of the mass always present even in cases of highly evident hypertension. It is likely, therefore, that other factors not taken into consideration (time factor, for example) play an important role in determining the functional state of the left ventricle and degree of hypertrophy.

Adult↗