Long-term follow-up results of patients with biliary atresia.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
R Ohi
Publications and source records attributed to R Ohi.
CD80/86 and Th1 cytokine expression in intestinal graft following reperfusion and endotoxemia.
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Animals↗
Development of an implantable artificial anal sphincter by the use of the shape memory alloy.
In this study, we developed and assessed an artificial anal sphincter driven by an shape memory alloy actuator (AS-SMA). The performance characteristics of the device were analyzed with a measurement system. Assessment showed that the AS-SMA could generate a pressure of 55 mm Hg at an atmospheric temperature of 36 degrees C, and displacement of the SMA actuator was 7.5 mm when the temperature of the SMA plate was 55 degrees C. To evaluate opening and closing, we studied a piglet colostomy model, in which the AS-SMA was implanted around the colostomy in the extraperitoneal space. Flow control tests using living porcine intestine revealed that the AS-SMA could maintain fecal continence against an intestinal pressure of 75 mm Hg. The high pressure zone corresponding to the location of the device was demonstrated in a manometric examination. For 6 days after surgery, we activated the AS-SMA twice a day and observed the bowel movements. The animal experiment indicated that the AS-SMA is able to control the bowel movements of patients with fecal incontinence if several problems, such as burning of tissue around the device and compression injury of the intestine, are resolved.
Alloys↗
Do we still need to collect stool? Evaluation of visualized fatty acid absorption: experimental studies using rats.
BACKGROUND: Short-gut syndrome is likely to impair enteric fat utilization. This study was undertaken to develop a clinical test of lipid absorption without fecal collection. METHODS: The absorption of enterally fed radioactive long-chain fatty acid, beta-methyl-p-(123I)-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid was investigated with continuous chyle collection in rats. The changes in excretion and time-dependent biodistribution of radioactivity of the enterally fed agent were assessed in normal control animals. Similarly, sequential urinary excretion and biodistribution were studied along with scintigraphy using sham-operated and short-gut animals. RESULTS: Approximately 64% of the enterally fed radioactivity was recovered in the collected chyle (24 hours). A comparison of normal control, sham-operated, and short-gut animals showed significantly less urinary and greater fecal excretions of radioactivity in short-gut animals. With the use of sequential scintigraphy, the small intestine, whole-body soft tissues, and urinary bladder were well visualized in sham-operated animals, whereas the large intestine and feces were demonstrated earlier in short-gut animals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that enteral feeding of the agent might be feasible for determining lipid absorption from the the dynamic changes of radioactivity in visualized abdominal organs and in urine.
Animals↗
Immunohistochemistry of DNA fragmentation factor in human stomach and colon: its correlation to apoptosis.
DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is an important factor in the pathway leading to apoptosis, which is activated by caspase-3 and is involved in the formation of nuclear DNA fragments. DFF is a heterodimic protein of 40kDa and 45kDa that becomes activated when DFF is cleaved by caspase-3. Of the two enzymatically cleaved fragments of DFF, it is the 40kDa fragment (DFF40) that is the active component of DFF and is responsible for triggering chromatin condensation when incubated with nuclei. However, the topological correlation between apoptosis and DFF expression in human tissues has not been examined. Therefore, in this study, we first immunolocalized DFF in non-neoplastic mucosa, hyperplastic polyp, adenoma and carcinoma of human stomach and colon. We then examined apoptosis in serial tissue sections. Labeling index (LI) of DFF and TUNEL positive cells in the same areas of serial tissue sections were obtained using computer-assisted image analysis. In the stomach, the DFF LI in non-neoplastic mucosa (9.8 +/- 5.0%, n = 3) and carcinoma (18.2 +/- 3.6, n = 3) were significantly lower than that of hyperplastic polyp (73.3 +/- 9.2%, n = 3) and adenoma (66.5 +/- 18.3%, n = 3) [p < 0.0001]. In colon, the DFF LI in non-neoplastic mucosa (10.2 +/- 6.4%, n = 3) was significantly lower than that of hyperplastic polyp (56.0 + 34.7%, n = 3) [p = 0.0013] and adenoma (30.1 +/- 16.3%, n = 3) [p = 0.0037]. Cells positive for DFF were much more widely distributed than TUNEL positive cells in both non-pathologic and pathologic mucosa of human stomach and colon. Notably, DFF positive cells were present beneath the TUNEL positive cells in non-pathological gastric and colonic epithelium. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between DFF and TUNEL LIs in human stomach and colon [p < 0.0001]. These results suggest that DFF may be involved in the process of apoptosis in human gastric and colonic mucosa.
Apoptosis↗
Evaluation of the nutritional condition and absorptive capacity of nine infants with short bowel syndrome.
Nutritional conditions and absorptive capacity of nine infants with short bowel syndrome were investigated during a long follow-up period from 1.5 years to 14 years and 7 months. The length of the residual small intestine ranged between 13-90 cm. The nine infants had normal meals at home and most of them did not suffer from persistent diarrhea. Most of the infants were thin. Nutritional parameters were kept relatively normal. The results of D-xylose absorption test had gradually improved, but the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids, observed by potential differences, were within the normal limits or slightly subnormal except for one infant. This indicated that the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids per a given area of the residual small intestine did not increase. Severe steatorrhea continued for several years in infants with less than 50 cm of small intestine. In these infants the concentration of serum vitamin D and total cholesterol were below the normal limits and the absorption of bile acids was disrupted. From our examination, infants with less than 50 cm of small intestine must be followed up for a long period and nutritional supplements are necessary.
Adolescent↗