Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Ohi

Publications and source records attributed to R Ohi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Short term histological liver changes in extrahepatic biliary atresia with good postoperative bile drainage.

Short term histological liver changes were studied in 13 patients with congenital biliary atresia, who showed good bile drainage after radical operation. Biopsies obtained at the time of the corrective surgery and at the second operation to convert from external total to partial bile drainage (undertaken once the bilirubin concentration was less than 30.8 mumol/l) were compared. A significant correlation was found between histological findings and the clinical course. In particular, at the second biopsy an increase in hepatic fibrosis and cell infiltration was observed mainly in patients whose bilirubin concentration decreased slowly or who had cholangitis, or both. Hepatic fibrosis and cell infiltration had decreased, however, in an appreciable number of patients whose postoperative course had been characterised by a rapid reduction in the bilirubin concentration and no cholangitis.

Bile↗
PubMed1985

Studies on the changes of serum bilirubin level after surgery in biliary atresia.

In biliary atresia, one-fourth of the patients showed prolonged jaundice in spite of a good excretion of bile after surgery. To investigate the cause of jaundice, factors related to the serum bilirubin level were examined in 28 recent cases. Furthermore, clinical analysis was performed in 86 cases of good excretion of bile after surgery. The following results were obtained: The daily amount of bilirubin excretion in bile and bilirubin concentration play an important role in decreasing the serum bilirubin level. The most important factor for prolonged jaundice is ascending cholangitis. Shortening of the life span of the red blood cells is one of the causes of prolonged jaundice.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1985

[Application of a potential difference to evaluate the absorptive faculty in the small intestine. The change of the transmural resistance and the transport system during post-natal development].

Presently there is no effective method for evaluating the intestinal absorption of sugar, amino acid and small peptide. Since the transmural potential difference (delta PD) is generated immediately when sugar, amino acid or small peptide are absorbed in the small intestine, we tried to utilize this potential difference for the evaluation of absorptive faculty. The delta PD is the product of influx and electrical transmural resistance. To evaluate the intestinal absorptive faculty by the delta PD it is necessary that the electrical resistance of the small intestine does not change throughout the life time and that sugars, amino acids and peptides are transported actively. In guinea pig, the electrical resistance of the small intestine was examined in postnatal development in vitro. Transport systems of sugars amino acid and peptide were also investigated. Through the entire life the electrical resistance of the small intestine remained at almost the same value and sugars and amino acid were completely transported actively from the birth. But small peptide was transported actively after the period of weanling. Evaluation of intestinal aborptive faculty of sugars, amino acids and small peptides is considered to be possible by the transmural potential difference.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The evaluation of the nutritional condition and the absorptive capacity in long-term follow-up of infants with short bowel syndrome].

The nutritional conditions and absorptive capacity of nine infants with short bowel syndrome were investigated during a long follow-up period from one and half years to 14 years and 7 months. The length of the residual small intestine ranged between 13 and 90cm. The nine infants had normal meals at home and did not suffer from persistent diarrhea. Most of the infants were thin. Nutritional conditions, for example, serum protein, triglycerides, vitamins, trace elements and plasma amino acids, were kept relatively well, and there were no symptoms of deficiency. The results of D-xylose absorption test had gradually improved but the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids observed by potential differences were within the normal limits or slightly subnormal except one infant. This indicated that the absorptive capacity of sugars and amino acids per a given area of the residual small intestine did not increase. From our examination the critical length of intestine might be in the neighborhood of 50cm. The infants left with less than 50cm of small intestine seem to have grown up normally but malabsorption of fat, sugars and bile acids have continued for many years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Application of a potential difference to evaluate the absorptive faculty in the small intestine. The changes in potential differences, uptake of sugars and amino acid and electrical transmural resistance in injured intestine].

Since there was no effective method for evaluating the absorptive capacity in the small intestine, we devised a test for evaluating the absorptive capacity with potential difference. Potential difference is provided by electrical resistance of intestine and flux of substances. Previously, we reported that the electrical resistance of the small intestine in the guinea pigs had changed very slightly throughout the entire life, and that sugars and neutral amino acids have been transported completely activity from the birth. In addition, potential difference of glycyl-glycine reflected the uptake of the intestine after the period of weanling. We experimentally studied the electrical transmural resistance and absorptive capacity of the small intestine with various damages to the small intestine by 5-Fu, ischemia and long fasting. Histologically, swelling of nucleus, intracellular edema, dilatation of capillary vein, dropping of epithelial cells, etc., were seen in these models. But the electrical resistance was slightly changed in 10% of the cases. Potential differences by sugars or neutral amino acid ingestion accurately reflected their real flux. These facts suggest that the potential differences deficiently reflect the uptake of sugars and amino acids in the small intestine under conditions with malabsorption.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Histochemical diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and 2 point rectal mucosal biopsies for selection of surgical treatment].

In order to establish the diagnostic criteria of Hirschsprung's disease by Ach. E. staining of rectal mucosal biopsy, we analysed the specimen obtained from 110 infants with abdominal distension and constipation. We found the pattern of nerve fiber proliferation was not uniform even in patients with Hirschsprung's disease. The pattern was classified into 4 types. I. total layer type (Typical type), II. lamina propria mucosal type, III. lamina submucosal type, and IV. lamina propria mucosal and lamina submucosal type. In case of types II, III, IV which do not show a typical finding, detection of Meissner's ganglion cells is the most important factor for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Since we confirmed that the Meissner's ganglion cells were always present at the level of just above to the dentate line of the rectum in the specimen of normal controls, we concluded that 5mm oral to the dentate line was the most appropriate position of the rectal mucosal biopsy for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease including patients with ultrashort segment aganglionosis. Two points rectal mucosal biopsies, namely, the biopsies from the site of 5mm and 5 cm oral to the dentate line, was useful for selection of surgical treatment in patients with short segment aganglionosis.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

In biliary atresia duct histology correlates with bile flow.

Three basic types of microscopic biliary structures at the portahepatis were distinguishable in infants with biliary atresia: bile ducts, collecting ductules of biliary glands, and biliary glands. Correlation between the type of biliary structure and the quantity and quality of post-operative bile flow was possible in 23 instances. At 2 weeks after operation, the 11 patients in whom a bile duct was identified had a daily bile flow of 68.0 +/- 11.5 mL. Bilirubin concentration in the bile was 13.6 +/- 3.3 mg/dL and total daily bilirubin excretion was 8.77 +/- 2.74 mg. In contrast, bile flow in 12 patients having only collecting ductules and/or biliary glands in the porta hepatis was 19.1 +/- 3.9 mL and bilirubin concentration in bile was 1.7 +/- 0.3 mg/dL. Thus, total daily bilirubin excretion was 0.34 +/- 0.08 mg (P less than 0.001). Postoperative cholangitis occurred only in patients with ducts. It is concluded that only bile ducts communicate with the intrahepatic biliary system and drain bile after hepatic portoenterostomy.

Bile↗
PubMed1984

Serum vitamin E levels in children with corrected biliary atresia.

In 37 children with long-standing cholestasis who had undergone a Kasai's procedure (double Roux-en-Y hepatic portoenterostomy), serum vitamin E levels were determined. In addition, serum bile acid levels were simultaneously tested as a marker of cholestasis. Eighteen of 37 children had vitamin E levels of less than 0.50 mg/100 ml, and two showed neurological abnormalities including hypoactive deep tendon reflexes and ataxia. Serum vitamin E levels were inversely correlated with serum bile acid levels (p less than 0.01). Older patients have mild cholestasis and high serum vitamin E levels in comparison with younger ones. Improvement in bile excretion into the intestinal tract with age seemed to be responsible for an increase of serum vitamin E levels. Oral supplements of alpha-tocopherol in doses of 5 to 10 mg/kg/day were needed to maintain the normal serum vitamin E levels in postoperative infants.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1981

Changes of portal vein pressure and intrahepatic blood vessels after surgery for biliary atresia.

The portal vein pressure was measured and biopsies of the liver were taken during the corrective operation in 31 patients with biliary atresia and during relaparotomy in 16 patients free from jaundice 4 mo to 9 yr after a successful corrective operation. Because the portal vein pressure was higher than 200 mmH2O in about 70% of patients during the corrective operation, portal hypertension appears to have already developed in most of the patients with biliary atresia at 2-4 mo of age. In the patients who had had frequent episodes of postoperative cholangitis, the portal vein pressure was elevated and the amount of interstitial tissue in the liver was markedly increased at reoperation compared with those at the corrective operation. These results showed that postoperative cholangitis aggravated portal hypertension and fibrosis of the liver. On the contrary, the portal vein pressure declined in patients in whom active bile drainage had persisted and cholangitis had not been complicated after operation. An early corrective operation and prevention of postoperative cholangitis are of the greatest important for prevention of development of the portal hypertension and cirrhosis of the liver in long-term survivors after surgery for biliary atresia.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in infants and children with Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA imaging.

Thirteen infants and children from 42 days to 14 years old with hepatobiliary disease underwent Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA hepatobiliary imaging. Five patients had biliary atresia, four had biliary hypoplasia, two had neonatal hepatitis, and there were single examples of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and congenital hepatic fibrosis. Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA imaging accurately differentiated biliary atresia (complete bile duct obstruction) from other forms of childhood hepatobiliary disease by demonstrating no intestinal radioactivity in the former and the presence of intestinal radioactivity in the latter. In addition, two of four patients with biliary hypoplasia had nonhomogeneous parenchymal transit, and the one patient with congenital hepatic fibrosis showed possible intrahepatic cysts. In conclusion, these preliminary data indicate that Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA provides information not previously available with I-131-rose bengal; this information is likely to be useful in the noninvasive evaluation of childhood hepatobiliary disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Copper kinetics in infantile hepatobiliary disease.

Copper metabolism was investigated in 33 infants with hepatobiliary disease. In 25 paients with biliary atresia, 37-135 days old, hepatic copper ranged from 5 to 133 microgram Cu/g wet weight (mean:43.3 microgram). In over two-thirds of the liver samples copper content was elevated above normal. There was no correlation between hepatic copper concentration and patients' age or degree of liver fibrosis. The mean hepatic copper content was also elevated in six infants with other hepatobiliary diseases (mean:41.6 microgram). Serial assays of copper excretion in bile were made in 25 infants having Kasai procedures for biliary atresia. The average daily excretion of biliary copper in 12 patients with successful operations was 3.3 to 33.7 microgram (mean:15.1 microgram), whereas in 13 patients without postoperative bile drainage, the daily values were 0.3-6.4 microgram (mean:2.7 microgram) (p < 0.0001). In five patients with active bile excretion who had repeated liver biopsies there was a steady decrease in hepatic copper concentration. The results indicate that derangement of copper homeostasis occurs frequently in infants with hepatobiliary disease and that in patients with biliary atresia successful reestablishment of bile flow effects a return toward normal copper metabolism probably because of enhanced biliary excretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Burkitt's lymphoma cell line bearing surface IgA and negative for nuclear antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBNA).

A new continuous cell line, TL-1, was established in tissue culture from Burkitt's lymphoma arising at the ileocecal region. It has been maintained for the past two years. The cells were small and round, and grew in a suspension culture. Population doubling time was approximately 36 hours, The cells revealed the chromosomal abnormality i.e. translocation between 8 and 14 chromosomes, which was reported on some Burkitt's lymphomas. This line was negative for nuclear antigen of EB virus (EBNA) and bore surface IgA and not any receptors. Inoculums of 10(7) cells produced tumors in the athymic nude mice. The histological appearance of the tumor was consistent with the Burkitt's lymphoma. Ultrastructural findings showed nuclear blebs and clefts. As far as we know, this was the first cell line of Burkitt's lymphoma with t(8q-; 14q+) in Japan and perhaps the first lymphoma cell line with surface IgA.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Operative procedures for choledochal cyst.

Fifty one operations for choledochal cyst were carried out upon 46 patients: 41 as a primary operation and 10 as reoperation. An excision of choledochal cyst with hepaticojejunostomy in Roux-en-Y fashion at the second laparotomy gave a favorable results in all patients who suffered recurrent symptoms after the previous anastomotic procedure. Comparing operation time, blood loss and operative results of the reoperations with those of the primary, it was concluded that all choledochal cyst should be excised at the first operation unless other reason avoiding excision exists. Hepatic portojejunostomy is recommended for choledochal cyst with an associated distal atresia and the hypoplastic hepatic duct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Development of the lung in fetal rabbits with experimental diaphragmatic hernia.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias were successfully produced in fetal rabbits. The lungs of these animals remained small and hypoplastic on gross examination, although histologically they have matured significantly from the original pseudoglandular stage. It is our impression that the so-called hypoplastic lung in diaphragmatic hernias is small in size but potentially functioning when relieved of compression.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption association with parenteral nutrition.

This is a case report of a patient with acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption that occurred during parenteral nutrition. The skin lesions were similar to those of acrodermatitis enteropathica, but there were no other major symptoms such as diarrhea and alopecia. It was noticed that the lack of linoleic acid in the diet might be the cause of lesions.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1975

Follow-up studies of long term survivors after hepatic portoenterostomy for "noncorrectible" biliary atresia.

Fourteen patients with "noncorrectable" biliary atresia are living without jaundice for more than 2 yr after hepatic portoenterostomy or its modification. Retardation of physical growth was observed in one of them, and mental retardation in another, both of which seemed irrelevant to biliary atresia. Serial tests for liver function after operation revealed early recovery of serum bilirubin, transminase, and turbidity, and delayed improvement of alkaline phosphatase. Postoperative needle biopsy of the liver disclosed that changes in hepatic parenchyma and ductular proliferation were rapidly improved after successful operation. Improvement of fibrosis of the liver was delayed, and it was not satisfactory in patients whose preoperative changes in the liver were severe or in whom ascending cholangitis had been a frequent complication. Histologic features of hepatic cirrhosis were observed in the liver in three cases, in two of which there had been frequent episodes of cholangitis. Only one of these showed clinical signs of portal hypertension. Functional and morphologic cure can be achieved in "noncorrectable" biliary atresia by hepatic portoenterostomy or its modifications, although varying degree of hepatic fibrosis may remain according to severity of preoperative changes of the liver and postoperative complication of ascending cholangitis.

Adolescent↗