Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Novak

Publications and source records attributed to R Novak.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Current status of transpubic surgery of the posterior urethra].

The transpubic approach is indicated for repair of complex stenoses of the posterior urethra, fundamental technical points being perineal mobilization of the anterior urethra, dissection of the intercrural septum, symphyseotomy, and direct anterior anastomosis of the two extremities of the urethra. Analysis of results in a personal series of 49 patients operated upon for posterior urethral stenosis showed that good results were obtained in 35 cases (71%), no postoperative endoscopic or surgical procedure being necessary. However, recurrence of the lesion was noted in 6 cases (12%), absolute incontinence following operation in 3 cases (6%), and relative incontinence in 5 cases (10%). Postoperative sexual disorders developed in 11 adults, 8 of these reporting various types of erection difficulties.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Cytokinetically based induction chemotherapy and splenectomy for childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

A four-drug regimen, based on cell kinetic principles, induced complete remissions in 68 of 95 children (72%) with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Patients entered remission after 2-5 weekly cycles of vincristine-daunorubicin (day 1) followed by sequential cytosine arabinoside and 6-azauridine (days 4-7). With continuation therapy of monthly vincristine-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide, weekly cytosine arabinoside, and daily 6-mercaptopurine, the median duration of complete remission was 10 mo and the median survival time 21 mo. Portal triaditis, evident in 11 of 23 patients with liver biopsies, was associated with long remissions. A larger spleen size (greater than 5 cm) and a higher myeloblast labeling index (greater than 10%) at diagnosis were clearly related to shorter durations of remission. Splenectomy within 1 mo of remission had no statistically significant effect on the frequency of relapse or length of remission. Patients without central nervous system (CNS) leukemia at diagnosis, all treated prophylactically with intrathecal methotrexate, had a low frequency of initial CNS relapse (3/56, 5%). The 2-yr disease-free survival rate is 29% (20 of 68 patients attaining complete remission). fifteen patients have completed 2.5 yr of therapy, and each remains in continuous complete remission, off treatment, for 1+ -36+ mo. This induction chemotherapy was as effective as more intensive regimens, with the advantage of less toxicity and shorter periods of hospitalization.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Antireflux ureteroileosigmoidostomy by means of ileal intussusception.

Ureteroileosigmoidostomy is recommended for supravesical urinary diversion after cystectomy. Wallace's method for the ileal conduit with a terminal nipple is employed, but the ileal segment is anastomosed to the rectosigmoid instead of the abdominal wall. In this way, the nipple on the distal end of the ileal segment protrudes into the lumen of the large bowel rather than into the abdominal wall, preventing therefore sigmoidoilal reflux. Radical cystectomy has been supplemented with this procedure for urinary diversion in 29 patients with bladder carcinoma.

Colon, Sigmoid↗
PubMed1980

Gene affecting superoxide dismutase activity linked to the histocompatibility complex in H-2 congenic mice.

The activity of cyanide-sensitive, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was studied in liver sytosols from H-2 congenic strains of mice. Higher SOD activity was found in livers of mice having H-2b/A.BY, B10, and C3H.SW/haplotypes than in those of H-2a, H-2k and H-2d haplotypes. Segregation studies supported these correlations. In H-2 recombinant strains of mice, the genes influencing the liver SOD activity occur, as ascertained by mapping techniques, at or near the H-2d region of the major histocompatibility complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Outcome of hepatitis in children with acute leukemia.

The cases of 31 children with acute leukemia and concurrent hepatitis were evaluated for the outcome of their hepatitis. Thirteen of these children had hepatitis B and 18 children had a non-B hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis developed in more than half of the children with acute hepatitis, with the majority of cases being of the chronic, active type. A majority of these children had received at least one blood transfusion in the preceding year. No relationship was seen between the development of chronicity of the liver disease and the management of the acute hepatitis or the state of underlying disease. With the potential for a cure for acute leukemia increasing, a method of reducing the sequelae of hepatitis in children with leukemia is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Surgical approach to penile and penoscrotal hypospadias.

A two-step procedure for repairing penile and penoscrotal hypospadias using the scrotum tube in situ for urethral reconstruction is described. This method is applicable in both scrotal and perineal hypospadias, but in this case the meatus must first be transposed to the penoscrotal junction. There were five complications--three fistulae and two stenosis of the new urethra--out of 27 operated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Salmonellosis in children with cancer: review of 42 cases.

Forty-two episodes of culture-proved salmonellosis were found retrospectively among 2,262 patients treated for malignant diseases at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis. These cases were reviewed in an effort to determine whether Salmonella infections in childhood cancer patients are associated with an increased frequency of septicemia and death, as has been reported for adults with cancer. Septicemia occurred in only 10% of the patients studied, consistent with the frequency established in general populations. There were no deaths attributable to Salmonella infection. Most of the patients (57%) with salmonellosis had gastroenteritis, and the clinical course of this syndrome was no more severe or prolonged than that seen in otherwise normal children. We recommend that management of Salmonella infections in children with cancer follow presently accepted guidelines for normal hosts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of islets of Langerhans associated with androgen therapy.

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans were observed in three patients treated with androgen-anabolic steroids for aplastic anemia. These patients formed a unique subset of patients with aplastic anemia in that they all had Fanconi's anemia, all demonstrated glucose intolerance following institution of androgen therapy, all had received androgen for at least 42 months prior to death, and all had coexistent benign liver cell tumors. Androgen-induced glucose intolerance may play a major role in the pathogenesis of both the pancreatic and hepatic abnormalities.

Androgens↗