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Biomedical subjects

R Norrby

Publications and source records attributed to R Norrby.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effects on renal function of treatment with cefoxitin alone or in combination with furosemide.

The glomerular filtration rate measured by 51Chrome-EDTA and serum half life of cefoxitin were followed in patients with preexisting moderate renal impairment. The patients were treated with cefoxitin for two to three weeks because of chronic serious infections. The dose used in patients with an initial clearance of more than 40 mg/ml was 1 g three times daily giving a mean peak concentration of 100 microgram/ml. Seven patients were treated with cefoxitin alone and twelve with cefoxitin and furosemide (80 mg daily orally). The glomerular filtration rate did not change significantly during treatment time. There were no signs of accumulation of cefoxitin as serum half life of the drug remained unchanged both in patients treated with and without furosemide concurrently.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Newer cephalosporins and cephamycins--a review.

Since the introduction of cephalothin and cephaloridine as the first parenteral cephalosporins and cephalexin as the first member of the group which is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, several new cephalosporin derivatives have been developed. Most of these have no major advantages over cephalothin, cephaloridine or cephalexin. Increased knowledge about the importance of beta-lactamases for bacterial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics has focused interest on development of drugs with increased resistance to degradation by these enzymes. Among the caphalosporins, cefamandole and cefuroxime have been found to be markedly more active against beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria. A new group of beta-lactam antibiotics, the cephamycins, have been introduced with cefoxitin as the first clinically useful member. Cefoxitin has the spectrum of a beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin and is also active against Bacteroides fragilis. The review concentrates on the antibacterial spectrum of these three new antibiotics and on their clinical efficacy.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Comparative study of the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoxitin, cefuroxine, and cephaloridine.

The in vitro antibacterial effects of cefoxitin, a semisynthetic cephamycin, cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, and cephaloridine were compared. With gram-positive bacteria, marked differences were found only in the effects against Streptococcus faecalis, where cephaloridine and cefuroxime were superior to cefoxitin. With gram-negative aerobic bacteria, cefoxitin, which is known to be more resistant to beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria than any cephalosporin, was found to be more effective than cefuroxime and cephaloridine against ampicillin-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and indole-positive strains of Proteus. Haemophilus influenzae was found to be more susceptible to cefuroxime than to cefoxitin and cephaloridine. When ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae were tested, markedly higher minimal inhibitory concentration values were obtained with cephaloridine in comparison to those obtained with ampicillin-susceptible strains. These increases in the minimal inhibitory concentration values were not observed with cefoxitin and cefuroxime, probably due to the resistance of these two compounds to beta-lactamases. Strains of Bacteroides fragilis were found to be much more susceptible to cefoxitin than to cefuroxime, which in turn was superior to cephaloridine. The results obtained indicate that cefoxitin and cefuroxime both are superior in their antibacterial spectra to the cephalosporins that are now in clinical use.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Interaction between cephaloridine and furosemide in man.

The effect of a moderate oral dose of furosemide (80 mg daily) on the serum half-life of cephaloridine was studied. In 14 patients not previously treated with diuretics this dose was found to prolong the half-life significantly. A corresponding decrease of the half-life of cephaloridine was observed when furosemide was withdrawn from 2 patients who were treated with diuretics at admission to hospital. The concurrent treatment with furosemide and cephaloridine did not affect the renal function of the patients studied. From the results obtained it seems possible that even moderate doses of a potent diuretic increase the nephrotoxicity of a cephalosporin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Recurrent toxoplasmosis.

A case of recurrent toxoplasmosis in a previously healthy 34-year-old woman is reported. Although she was treated 3 times with co-trimoxazole, which in our experience has been efficient in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, and responded to treatment clinically and serologically, she relapsed with clinical symptoms and rise of anti-toxoplasma titres. Hypothetically, toxoplasmosis is a latent infection which can be activated by other diseases and by immunodepression.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Interactions between Toxoplasma gondii and its host cells: function of the penetration-enhancing factor of toxoplasma.

A protein with a molecular weight of 70,000 to 150,000 which was extracted from merozoites of Toxoplasma gondii enhanced the host cell penetration of the merozoites. The optimal pH and temperature for penetration of merozoites coincided with those favoring the action of the penetration-enhancing protein. In addition, a dependence on Ca and Mg existed for penetration of merozoites, either in the presence or absence of this protein. No evidence was found that indicated that the enhancing effect on penetration elicited by the protein was due to increased phagocytic capacity of host cells (HeLa) or improved motility of the merozoites. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the protein, in high concentration, caused disruption of cytoplasmic membranes. In a 100-fold-lower concentration, which still caused a marked enhancement of penetration, no such effect was observed. However, the vacuoles surrounding the penetrated parasites seemed smaller than for merozoites penetrating in cultures to which no penetration-enhancing factor was given, and the membranes limiting the vacuoles demonstrated discontinuities more often. The penetration-enchancing effect of some known enzymes was studies. However, none of these enzymes seemed to correspond to the penetration-enhancing protein of toxoplasma. The mode of entry of toxoplasma merozoites into host cells is discussed. It is concluded that phagocytosis must play a less important role and that merozoites actively penetrate the cytoplasmic membranes of the host cells. The penetration is proposed to be a result of combined mechanical and chemical actions. It is suggested that an enzymatic function of the penetration-enhancing factor released by the merozoites is of importance. The membrane limiting the vacuole of a penetrated merozoite seems to be newly formed in the cell after penetration is completed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of toxoplasmosis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.

Toxoplasmosis is known to complicate diseases with impaired cellular immunity. For treatment of toxoplasma infections atoxic drugs should be used to avoid depression of the bone marrow. The hitherto recommended treatment, pyrimethamine in combination with sulphonamides, is often associated with severe side-effects. The present study presents the results of treatment with trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in 7 patients, clinically and serologically diagnosed as having toxoplasmosis. Good therapeutic results were observed in 5 patients with lymphoglandular toxoplasmosis and a significant reduction of the dye test titres were found in 6 patients. In one patient, however, a relapse of clinical symptoms and a reversion to high dye test titres were observed 6 1/2 months after the end of the treatment. Treatment had to be discontinued in one patient due to an allergic reaction.

Adolescent↗