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Biomedical subjects

R Norrby

Publications and source records attributed to R Norrby.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Quantitative nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in nontoxic doses.

The effect of gentamicin on the renal function of 36 patients was studied by means of several techniques. After normal or even subnormal doses of gentamicin, progressively decreasing rates of glomerular filtration, as measured by clearance of [51Cr]ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, were observed in a majority of the patients, although trough and peak concentrations in serum were well below accepted levels of gentamicin toxocity. Correspondingly, the serum half-lives of gentamicin tended to increase during the courses of treatment. Changes in levels of serum creatinine were not pronounced enough to demonstrate the decreasing rates of glomerular filtration. Studies on serum and urinary levels of a low-molecular-weight protein, beta2-microglobulin, indicated that gentamicin affects the kidney both on the glomerular and the tubular level. The results emphasized the need for monitoring of gentamicin dosages as well as the need for alternative antibiotics to treat patients with preexisting renal impairment.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Cefoxitin penetration into cerebrospinal fluid in patients with purulent meningitis.

The penetration of cefoxitin into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in 25 patients with purulent meningitis treated with antibiotics other than cefoxitin. Each patient received three 2-g doses of cefoxitin at 6-h intervals. Blood and CSF samples were obtained before and at 2, 4, or 6 h after the first and third doses. CSF cefoxitin concentrations were found in all patients and varied between 1.2 and 22.0 microgram/ml, with a majority of the concentrations falling within a range from 1.2 to 6.2 microgram/ml. The concentrations tended to be higher in CSF samples drawn after the third cefoxitin dose than in those drawn after the first cefoxitin dose, indicating an accumulation of cefoxitin in CSF with repeated doses. Peak cefoxitin concentrations in CSF seemed to occur between 2 and 6 h after intravenous administration of the drug since the highest concentrations were found in patients from whom CSF samples were taken 4 h after the doses. In patients with bacterial meningitis, it should be possible to achieve therapeutic cefoxitin levels in CSF by using nontoxic doses of the antibiotic.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison between agar and broth minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefamandole, Cefoxitin, and cefuroxime.

The in vitro susceptibility to cefamandole, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime of clinical isolates of Streptococcus faecalis, Klebsiella, and indole-positive Proteus was assayed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations in broth and on solid media. It could be demonstrated that the agar dilution MICs obtained when S. faecalis was tested against cefuroxime and when indole-positive Proteus strains were tested against cefamandole tended to be considerably lower than those obtained with the broth dilution technique. The Klebsiella strains tested did not show any major differences with regard to MICs in broth or on solid media. Using an animal experimental infection model it could be demonstrated that with indole-positive Proteus the higher broth MIC correlated better to the observed data than the lower agar MIC when a beta-lactamase-producing strain was tested. The data obtained indicated that the beta-lactamase of the indole-positive Proteus strain was inducible. The results of the study gave evidence for a risk of false susceptibility of some bacterial species against cefamandole when agar techniques, e.g. paper disk diffusion, are used. For cefuroxime, the same phenomenon can be expected with S. faecalis and to some extent with indole-positive Proteus. In this study, cefoxitin seemed considerably less affected by the technique used for susceptibility testing.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Local and Gastrointestinal reactions to intravenously administered cefoxitin and cefuroxime.

Side effects of cefoxitin and cefuroxime were noted in 2 different studies during intravenous treatment for at least 14 days. In the cefoxitin group of 33 patients thrombophlebitis was observed in 3 cases and diarrhoea in 4 cases. In the cefuroxime group of 31 patients 1 case of thrombophlebitis was noted and 5 cases of diarrhoea occurred. Most patients with diarrhoea had decreased renal function or received higher dosage of the antibodies than the other patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Fatal pneumococcal septicaemia in a young asplenic man.

A report is given of a fatal pneumococcal septicaemia in a young man, who had been splenectomized after a traffic accident, but who was not otherwise immunodeficient. Adequate treatment could not prevent the progress of a very severe DIC-syndrome. The use of a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine after splenectomy is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriological and clinical studies of sulbenicillin.

A new semi-synthetic penicillin, sulbenicillin, was evaluated with regard to clinical effect on infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria, serum concentrations obtained after intravenous administration and antibacterial spectrum, in comparison with the closely related antibiotic carbenicillin. The antibacterial spectra of sulbenicillin and carbenicillin were similar but the MIC values were lower for sulbenicillin against most of the bacterial strains tested. The serum concentrations obtained after administration of 5 g sulbenicillin were significantly higher than those obtained after 5 g carbenicillin although no significant differences in serum half-lives were observed. The clinical effect of sulbenicillin--alone or alternating with carbenicillin--on pseudomonas infections with varying localisation was found to be good in 11 and fair in 3 of 16 treated patients. Two treatment failures were cases of chronic wound infection. In addition to the pseudomonas infections, 9 of the patients also had concurrent infections with other bacteria, e.g. pencillinase-producing staphylococci and Klebsiella, and in all these cases bacterial growth was eliminated during therapy. No serious side effects were observed during sulbenicillin treatment but some of the patients developed massive growth of fungi in the urine, which disappeared after the treatment was stopped.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cephaloridine and cephalothin using subcutaneous tissue cages.

The present study was undertaken to compare the ability of three cephalosporins--cephalothin, cephaloridine and cefuroxime--and a cephamycin--cefoxitin--to penetrate into extravasal compartments. The study was performed using female adult rabbits with subcutaneously implanted steel net cages. All antibiotics were given in a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. parenterally as i.v. injections. The concentrations of the different antibiotics were determined simultaneously in serum and in fluid obtained from the cages. The concentrations were followed after single doses as well as after repeated doses using an agar well technique for the assays. To control the experimental conditions electrolyte and protein contents of the fluid in the different cages were followed and were found to be stable during the experimental period. All antibiotics were rapidly eliminated from serum. The concentrations in the cages reached its maximum 1.5-3 hours after administration. The highest concentrations in the extravasal compartments were obtained with cephaloridine and the lowest with cephalothin with the values of the other antibiotics ranging in between.

Animals↗