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Biomedical subjects

R Nemoto

Publications and source records attributed to R Nemoto.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney treated by partial nephrectomy--case report and review of Japanese literature.

Renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney is rather rare. We present a case of this condition occurring in a 50-year-old man. He was treated by partial nephrectomy and temporary hemodialysis for postoperative acute renal failure. Perusal of the literature reveals that in situ partial nephrectomy, if possible, seems to be a reasonable treatment of choice for renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney. This is the fifth case ever reported in Japan.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical study of urinary cytology: with special reference to bladder cancer].

During the last 66 months, 482 urinary cytologic examinations were performed on 160 inpatients suspected of having genitourinary cancer at our University Hospital. Cytologic diagnosis was done according to the Papanicolaou's classification. The cytologic findings were compared by size, shape, numbers of the tumor and the histologic findings. The positive rate (classes IV and V) was 56.7% (90 patients) in bladder cancer, 22.2% (18 patients) in prostatic cancer, 13.3% (15 patients) in renal cancer and 62.5% (8 patients) in renal pelvic or ureteral cancer. There was no false positive case for benign disease. The positive rate of cytologic examinations for stage A bladder cancer was statistically lower than that for stage B, C and D cancers. There were no statistically significant differences among the stage B, C and D groups. The positive rate in the low grade (grade I and II) bladder cancer was statistically lower than that of high grade (grade III and IV) cancer. In the small tumor less than thumbtip -sized, cytological diagnosis was positive in 40.0%, while in the large tumor larger than this size, the positive rate was 73.3%. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant. The positive rate in the non-recurrent cases of the bladder cancer was 64.5%, while that in the recurrent cancer cases was 39.3%. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant. The positive rate of urinary cytology did not correspond to the shape or number of tumors. It is desirable to perform cytology more than 3 times on the same patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Postoperative complications and followup in cystectomy].

Clinical studies on postoperative complications and prognosis were done on 27 patients who had undergone cystectomy at our hospital. Thirty one postoperative complications were seen in 16 patients. Early complications which developed within 3 months of operation were more frequent (25 cases). They included pyelonephritis (5 cases), wound infection (4 cases), pulmonary complications (2 cases), cardiovascular complications (2 cases), ileus (2 cases) and delayed ambulance (2 cases) in decreasing order of frequency. Complications related to urinary diversion were observed in 4 out of 6 late complications. Reoperation secondary to surgical complications were done in 6 cases. Four of the 6 reoperations were related to gastrointestinal complications, all of which would be fatal if left untreated. Postoperative followup period ranged from 3 weeks to 49 months with a mean period of 12.8 months. The present status of the patients is as follows: 16 patients alive, 10 patients dead and 1 patient lost to followup. So far we cannot draw a definite conclusion regarding the relationship between surgery and the prognosis of the patients because the followup period is too short in many patients. In our experience: 1) The fewest cancer deaths occurred in patients who had undergone radical surgery; 2) the largest percentage of living patients was seen in the group of patients who had undergone radical cystectomy; and, 3) almost all patients with low stage tumors are living more than 6 months after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mass screening for urinary tract cancer with urine cytology.

A rapid and simple cytologic screening technique for fresh urine specimens stained with toluidine blue is described. As to the validity and description of cell structure, the accuracy of urine cytology with this procedure is very similar to that of the Papanicolaou technique. Utilizing this technique, a hospital population was screened for urinary tract cancer from specimens sent for routine urinalysis. In this study of 16,062 fresh urine sediments selected at random from nonurologic patients, a total of three cases of histologically proven bladder cancer were detected, corresponding to a rate of one bladder cancer in 5,000 individuals. The results emphasize the usefulness of this simple screening technique in combination with clinical urinalysis and cytology for early detection of urinary tract malignancy.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Renal autotransplantation for localized amyloidosis of the ureter.

Localized amyloidosis of the ureter is a relatively rare disease, causing at times ureteral stenosis with hydronephrosis and renal function impairment to various extent. Although it is not malignant nearly all reported cases have been treated by nephroureterectomy because it is clinically difficult to differentiate this entity from ureteral malignancy. We report a case in which the ipsilateral kidney was salvaged successfully by renal autotransplantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported of renal autotransplantation for localized amyloidosis of the ureter in the English literature. We suggest that renal autotransplantation be considered in cases of localized ureteral amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1982

Hyperthermic irrigation of urinary bladder tumor in rabbits.

Hyperthermic treatment for bladder tumor in the rabbit was investigated by the irrigation with hot saline through cystostomy after the transplantation of V2 carcinoma cells. When the bladder was irrigated with 42-44 degrees C saline, the inhibitory effect on transplanted tumor growth in the urinary bladder was significant in comparison with control groups. Antitumor effect on the survival and changes in body weight were also significant. Histological study showed the tumor cells were more susceptible to heat than normal mucosal layer. The results suggest that the hyperthermic irrigation of the urinary bladder was effective in preventing the tumor growth with minimum damage on the normal bladder mucosa. Moreover, this malignant bladder tumor of rabbit seems especially suitable for the purpose of studying the new method for transurethral hyperthermic treatment of the urinary bladder cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Arterial infusion of microencapsulated mitomycin C for the treatment of locally recurrent carcinoma of the pelvic cavity].

Ethylcellulose microcapsules of mitomycin C (MMC) were prepared. The potential therapeutic effects of intra-arterial infusion of the microencapsulated anti-cancer drugs were considered to be a function of microembolization and prolonged the drug action, that is, chemoembolization. A total of 19 patients with locally recurrent carcinoma of the pelvic cavity was subjected to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with microencapsulated MMC. These included 7 bladder carcinomas, 7 prostatic carcinomas, 2 ureter carcinomas, 1 rectal carcinomas, 1 ovarian carcinoma and 1 cervical carcinoma. Thirteen patients had several distant or lymph node metastases. The single dose of MMC ranged from 10 to 40 mg and the total dose in each patient varied from 10 to 90 mg (mean 35 mg). The therapeutic response was evaluated by Karnofsky's criteria in terms of subjective and objective changes. Of 18 patients, 11 patients were assessed to category of I-A, B or C and 9 patients were survived over one years. Hematological toxicity occurred in 4 (22%) of 18 patients, but no treatment was needed for 3 of 4 patients. Local pain and high fever lasted more than one week were experienced in one patient. Skin necrosis lasting for a few months occurred in 10 (56%) of 18 patients. Surgical ligation of the gluteal arteries considerably prevented this painful condition. In conclusion, our clinical experiences indicate that chemoembolization is effective as a preoperative and palliative measure in the treatment of locally recurrent carcinoma of the pelvis and also helpful to control intractable symptoms such as hemorrhage or pain in patients with several metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Arterial chemoembolization with mitomycin C microcapsules in the treatment of primary or secondary carcinoma of the kidney, liver, bone and intrapelvic organs.

Selective intraarterial infusion of the ethylcellulose microcapsules of mitomycin C (MMC-mc) exerts its potential therapeutic effects through both infarction and prolonged local, drug activity, i.e., chemoembolization. Twenty patients with intractable primary, recurrent or metastatic carcinoma were treated with single or fractionated infusion of MMC-mc via percutaneous arterial catheterization. The target sites were the kidney, liver, prostate, urinary bladder, uterus, sigmoid colon, Douglas' pouch and bone. Fourteen patients had over 30% reduction in measurable maximum tumor diameter, 5 had 10 to 30% reduction and 1 showed less than 10% reduction, but concurrent 2 bone lesions had no reduction. Improvement of symptoms and signs such as pain, massive hemorrhage, dysuria, anorexia and hydronephrosis was observed at an early stage of the treatment in all patients. Eight patients with highly invasive carcinoma of the kidney, urinary bladder and cervix were initially treated with MMC-mc followed by successful radical operation. Systemic toxicity was mild and all patients tolerated the treatment. Although the follow-up periods are less than 21 months, 12 patients are alive with or without tumor and 11 of them are doing well. The present results indicate that chemoembolization with MMC-mc is effective as a preoperative or palliative measure in the treatment of invasive carcinoma of various organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Arterial chemoembolization with microencapsulated anticancer drug. An approach to selective cancer chemotherapy with sustained effects.

Selective intra-arterial infusion of ethylcellulose microcapsules containing mitomycin exerts its therapeutic effects through infarction and sustained drug action--ie, chemoembolization. Sixty primary or secondary carcinomas in the kidney, liver, urinary bladder, prostate, cervix, vagina, sigmoid colon, Douglas' pouch, and bone were treated with single or repeated chemoembolizations using microcapsules delivered through percutaneous catheterization as a preoperative or palliative measure. Substantial tumor reduction of greater than 30% in measurable maximum diameter was found in 65% of the tumors, pain relief occurred in 80% and hemostasis in 100%. Preoperative chemoembolization remarkably facilitated radical surgery in 18 (82%) of 22 patients. The summed response rate was 77%. Systemic toxic effects were mild, and all patients tolerated the treatment. Though the follow-up periods are less than two years, 37 patients are alive with or without tumor.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of therapeutic arterial embolization in renal cell carcinoma using microencapsulated mitomycin C.

The therapeutic arterial embolization in the case of renal cell carcinoma using microencapsulated mitomycin C (MMC) was investigated by an angiographic evaluation in comparison with nonencapsulated MMC. The Gelfoam embolization supplemented with nonencapsulated MMC could not necessarily prevent the recanalization and collateral circulation, while the Gelfoam embolization supplemented with microencapsulated MMC completely or considerably eliminated the revascularization with a distinct advantage in this degree. Moreover, peripheral blood MMC level after the embolization using microencapsulated MMC was reduced to 39 per cent of that after nonencapsulated MMC infusion. The result was consistent with the previous experiments, indicating that the transcatheter infusion of microencapsulated MMC is the therapeutic arterial embolization of the tumor-supplying vessels together with regional anticancer chemotherapy. Further clinical application to various malignancies is in progress.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of renal cell carcinoma with microencapsulated mitomycin C.

Ethylcellulose microcapsules of mitomycin C were prepared for intra-arterial use in an attempt to enhance the antineoplastic effects of mechanical arterial embolization. The potential therapeutic effects of intra-arterial mitomycin C microcapsules were considered to be a function of microembolization and prolonged drug action, that is chemoembolization. A total of 33 patients with renal cell carcinoma was subjected to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with mitomycin C microcapsules supplemented with gelatin sponge, and 10 patients were subjected to chemoembolization with non-encapsulated mitomycin C and gelatin sponge. Comparative studies on objective tumor decrease, angiographical findings and histological effects between the 2 treated groups indicated that mitomycin C microcapsules definitely enhanced the therapeutic responses to gelatin sponge embolization. Bioassay of the peripheral blood revealed that intra-arterial mitomycin C microcapsules reduced markedly mitomycin C levels in the blood compared to non-encapsulated mitomycin C, leading to a decrease in hematological toxicity. The results may prove that chemoembolization with mitomycin C microcapsules is effective as a preoperative and palliative measure in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Experimental intra-arterial infusion of Microencapsulated Mitomycin C into pelvic organs.

Laboratory experience with the use of Mitomycin C encased in ethylcellulose microcapsules as an agent for transcatheter embolisation is described. Microencapsulated Mitomycin C (MMC-m.c.) was infused into the pelvic organs of dogs by arterial catheterisation and the distribution of MMC in plasma and tissue was examined. MMC levels in the circulating blood of the MMC-m.c. group were significantly lower than those of the non-encapsulated MMC group. The biological potential of MMC was retained for prolonged periods in the pelvic organs after intra-arterial infusion of MMC-m.c. On the other hand, MMC could not be detected in the tissue of the non-encapsulated MMC group 4 h after the infusion.

Animals↗