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Biomedical subjects

R Nakamura

Publications and source records attributed to R Nakamura.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Risk factors for coronary artery disease in Japanese patients with chronic renal failure].

We examined the records of 101 Japanese patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) to determine the influence of established risk factors on the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD was found in 25 patients (myocardial infarction in 18, significant coronary artery stenosis by coronary angiogram in 16). In patients with CAD, there were significantly more male (80% vs 58%, p < 0.05), more smokers (80% vs 41%, p < 0.0005), more diabetics (68% vs 32%, p < 0.005) and more hypertensives (92% vs 76%, p < 0.05). However, lipoprotein (a), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides were not significantly different between CAD group and control group. When significant risk factors were entered into a stepwise logistic regression analysis, we found a history of smoking (p = 0.0025) and the presence of diabetes (p = 0.0141) to be independent risk factors for the presence of CAD in Japanese patients with CRF.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow--a case report and anatomical study of the lateral collateral ligament].

A 20-year-old woman was referred to our clinic complaining of recurrent subluxation of her right elbow. A posterolateral rotatory instability test revealed that she had insufficiency of the lateral collateral ligament. She was surgically treated; the ligament was reconstructed by using the palmaris longus tendon. A year after operation, she had no pain in her elbow, and regained full range of elbow motion. The function of the lateral collateral ligament is often overlooked. We, therefore, dissected 24 elbow joints and studied anatomically in order to confirm the origin and insertion of the lateral collateral ligament. The ligament originates from the lateral epicondyle, and runs distally in fan shape. It further inserts partly to the annular ligament and partly to the supinator crest. After complete sectioning of the ligament, the forearm was fixed in supination, then flexed with valgus moment. This maneuver elicited subluxation of the radio-humeral joint, which was similar to what we observed in the clinical case. From these observations, we have concluded that the ligament is important for stability of elbow joint as well as the medial collateral ligament.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Differential effect of subspecies of lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein A-I on cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded macrophages: functional correlation with lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.

Two species of lipoprotein containing apoA-I, one containing only apoA-I (LpA-I), and the other containing apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I/A-II), were tested for their effects on macrophage foam cells. Rat macrophages were converted to foam cells by incubation with radiolabeled acetylated LDL. Incubation with LpA-I or LpA-I/A-II decreased the cellular cholesteryl esters (CE) mass. However, the free cholesterol (FC) mass was only reduced by LpA-I. All the radioactivity excreted into the medium was associated with LpA-I or LpA-I/A-II; 39% of the excreted radioactivity was esterified in LpA-I and 10% in LpA-I/A-II. Upon complete inactivation of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity with dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid, the cholesterol reducing capacity of LpA-I was weakened significantly. However, the CE mass reducing capacity of LpA-I/A-II was not affected. When LpA-I and LpA-I/A-II were combined, the cholesterol reducing capacity of the mixture was similar to that of LpA-I alone. However, LpA-I re-isolated from the medium showed a lower esterification rate than did the re-isolated LpA-I/A-II, thereby indicating that the cholesterol esterified in LpA-I was transferred to LpA-I/A-II. These results suggest that (i) the function of LpA-I is closely linked to the LCAT activity while that of LpA-I/A-II is not, and (ii) LpA-I in concert with LpA-I/A-II induces a series of extracellular events; LCAT-mediated esterification of excreted FC by LpA-I and a subsequent CE transfer to LpA-I/A-II. These mechanisms might be important for net cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells in physiological states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding a major allergenic protein in rice seeds. Homology of the deduced amino acid sequence with members of alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor family.

A cDNA clone of rice major allergenic protein (RAP) was isolated from a cDNA library of maturing rice seeds. The cDNA had an open reading frame (486 nucleotides) which coded a 162 amino acid residue polypeptide comprising a 27-residue signal peptide and a 135-residue mature protein of M(r) 14,764. The deduced amino acid sequence of RAP showed a considerable similarity to barley trypsin inhibitor [1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7998-8003] and wheat alpha-amylase inhibitor [1981, Phytochemistry 20, 1781-1784].

Allergens↗
PubMed1992

Changes in plasma and duodenal cholecystokinin concentrations after pancreatic duct occlusion in rats.

The changes in plasma and duodenal cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations after pancreatic duct occlusion were examined in rats. The rats were sacrificed 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 30 days after occlusion of the duct. Histological examination showed acute inflammation on days 1 and 3 after duct occlusion, interstitial fibrosis and regenerative changes on days 7, 10, and 14, and pancreatic atrophy on day 30. The plasma CCK concentration increased from 0.45 pM to 2.0 pM after the occlusion and then remained high throughout the observation period. In contrast to the stable increase in plasma CCK concentration, the CCK content in the duodenum increased on days 1 and 3, decreased on day 7, increased on day 10, reaching over the control level on day 14, and then returned to the control level on day 30. Administration of boiled and 10-fold concentrated rat pancreatic juice or human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor for seven days after pancreatic duct occlusion reversed the decrease in duodenal CCK content. The major molecular forms of duodenal CCK were CCK-8, -33, and -58. These results indicate that (1) basal plasma CCK concentration did not reflect the duodenal CCK content, (2) duodenal CCK content was well correlated with a decrease in inflammation in the pancreas, and (3) a nonenzymatic component in the pancreatic juice reversed the decrease in duodenal CCK content and body weight caused by pancreatic duct occlusion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Generation of plasma kinin by three types of protease isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis 381.

Three types of protease (A, B and C) isolated from the culture supernatant of Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 had peculiar activities on kinin generation from high molecular-weight kininogen in vitro. Protease C released bradykinin from the kininogen in a reaction mixture containing 2 mM dithiothreitol, but A and B did not. However, the activity of degrading bradykinin was much stronger in protease A and B than in C. These findings suggest that only protease C shows plasma kallikrein activity.

Bradykinin↗
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance imaging in Kienböck's disease.

With a 1.5 tesla superconducting M.R. imager and surface coil, M.R. imaging achieved high resolution analysis of the wrist on five normal wrists and 26 wrists with Kienböck's disease. The purpose of this study was to establish new criteria for diagnosis, staging and prognosis of Kienböck's disease, based on signal characteristics on T1- and T2-weighted images. Focal loss of signal intensity of the lunate on T1-weighted image was an indication of Kienböck's disease. A decreased signal containing a high spot and increased signal intensity of the lunate on T2-weighted images indicated a better prognosis. After osteotomy of the radius, the signal intensity of the lunate returned to normal and Lichtman's stage II cases had better results than those in stage III. M.R. imaging is ideal for evaluating the lunate in Kienböck's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance imaging in scaphoid fractures.

The use of a 1.5 tesla superconducting M.R. imager and surface coil was found to enhance the ability of M.R.I. to depict the fine anatomy of the wrist. Five healthy volunteers and 28 patients with scaphoid fractures underwent M.R.I., which made possible a definitive diagnosis of scaphoid fractures at an early stage. A fresh fracture was identified by decreased or iso signal intensity on the T1-weighted image and increased signal intensity on the T2-weighted image. This increase continued until bony union was apparent on radiographs. On the T2-weighted image, high signal intensity was characteristic of fresh fractures and suggested that bony union was possible. When bony union was complete, the intensity of the signal for the scaphoid on both T1- and T2-weighted images returned to normal. M.R.I. should thus prove useful in the diagnosis of scaphoid fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Sauvé-Kapandji procedure for chronic dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint with destruction of the articular surface.

The Sauvé-Kapandji procedure has been performed in 15 non-rheumatoid patients with chronic distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation accompanied by joint damage or deformity. The clinical results were favourable; wrist pain improved in all patients, wrist flexion-extension was increased by more than 10 degrees in nine patients, grip strength of at least 80% of the contralateral wrist was achieved in 11 patients, and forearm rotation was more than 150 degrees in 12 patients. However, X-ray examination revealed an unstable proximal ulnar stump and radio-ulnar convergence in all patients similar to that associated with the Darrach procedure. Although the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure can preserve ulnar support of the wrist and is believed to yield more satisfactory results than the Darrach procedure, its extensive use is not recommended for non-rheumatoid distal radio-ulnar joint disorders, but it is recommended for chronic distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation with articular injury or deformity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cleft hand, syndactyly and hypoplastic thumb.

The clinical features of 58 patients with typical cleft hand were examined and compared with 86 patients with syndactyly between the long and ring fingers, 27 patients with syndactyly between the ring, little and other fingers, 53 patients with hypoplastic thumb and 100 patients with symbrachydactyly. The clinical findings of the typical cleft hand resembled those of syndactyly. There were two unusual cases of typical cleft hand associated with hypoplastic thumb, congenital heart anomalies and absence of the axial triradius. One of these also had cleft lip and palate. The critical embryonic period of the heart anomaly is early, while that of the cleft lip and palate is late. These findings suggest that an embryo with typical cleft hand and hypoplastic thumb results from impairments at two different times in the early embryonic period.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Long-standing extended dynamic splintage and release of an abnormal restraining structure in camptodactyly.

62 patients with camptodactyly of the little finger have been reviewed, and only five cases failed to respond to conservative treatment. These cases are reported. One patient could straighten the deformed PIP joint with snapping, and the other two were resistant to conservative treatment and were found to have a restraining structure requiring release. These findings are in keeping with an imbalance between flexion and extension forces due to long-standing malposition of the extensor lateral bands. Operative treatment should be reversed for cases of failed conservative treatment, which should be started as early as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Lipoprotein-containing apolipoprotein A-I: sex-related quantitative and qualitative changes in this lipoprotein subspecies after ingestion of fat.

We investigated the postprandial changes of two species of lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo)A-I: lipoprotein containing apo A-I but no apo A-II (LpA-I), and lipoprotein containing apo A-I and apo A-II (LpA-I/A-II). These lipoproteins were isolated from 10 men and 11 women at 0, 4, and 6 h after they had eaten butter. In LpA-I, the concentrations of all lipids except triglyceride were increased at 4 and 6 h in the women. In the men all lipids were increased only at 4 h. The increase of apo A-I concentration was found at 6 h only in the women. In LpA-I/A-II, the concentrations of all lipids were increased at 4 h and only phospholipid (PL) was increased at 6 h in the women. In the men, free cholesterol and PL were increased at 4 and 6 h. The increases of apo A-I and apo A-II concentrations were found at 4 and 6 h only in the men. These results suggest that the postprandial changes are sex-related and may relate to the different incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Carbohydrate binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies raised against lactose-protein Maillard adducts.

Three hybridoma antibodies (L101, L104, and L117) specific for lactose-protein amino carbonyl products (Maillard adducts) were obtained by immunizing mice with the lactose-ovalbumin Maillard adduct and by screening with the lactose-bovine serum albumin (BSA) adduct. They reacted with the Maillard adducts of lactose with several different proteins, but not with the adducts of several other reducing sugars. L101 reacted well with the lactose-BSA adducts formed by 2- to 16-day incubation, whereas L104 and L117 reacted with the advanced stage reaction products but not with the adducts of 2-day incubation. The competitive inhibition of the antibody binding by several mono- and disaccharides showed that lactulose (4-O-beta-D-galactopylanosyl-D-fructose) was the best inhibitor for all three antibodies, and that L104 and L117 were inhibited by methyl-beta-D-galactoside more effectively than L101. These results suggested that different components produced during the progress of the Maillard reaction could be antigenic determinants, and that the carbohydrate moiety including the terminal galactosyl residue played an important role in the antibody binding to the lactose-protein Maillard adducts.

Animals↗