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Biomedical subjects

R Meyer

Publications and source records attributed to R Meyer.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral Z-flap pharyngoplasty in the treatment of rhinolalia.

The use of a bilateral Z-plasty with superiorly based myomucosal flaps of the posterior pharyngeal wall in the treatment of nasopharyngeal incontinence in 16 patients with rhinolalia is reported. The transposition of these flaps leads to the formation of a dynamic and physiologic velopharyngeal sphincter that produces a marked improvement in speech. The same procedure yielded satisfactory results in 3 cases of pharyngitis sicca. We have maintained a postoperative follow-up of these patients from 6 months to 16 years and have been very pleased with the sustained good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New concepts in lower lip reconstruction.

This article presents three methods that enable immediate and satisfactory repair of defects of the lower lip. In partial defects of the lower lip, an advancement flap technique developed from the Bernard method is used. Two methods are described for total resections. The first method is a combination of the advancement flap technique with a reverse Abbé-Estlander flap brought down from the upper lip and is done in two stages. The second method achieves reconstruction in one stage and consists of bringing two arterialized island flaps from the nasolabial region to reconstruct the lower lip. The new methods are superior to traditional methods of lower lip reconstruction in terms of esthetics and function.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Closure of perforations of the septum including a single-session method for large defects.

It is the impression of the authors that, although the overall frequency of septal perforations has decreased, the proportion of large defects has increased. Therefore, in addition to the methods for surgical treatment of small perforations, a particular description is given of a new procedure in which an extramucosal technique is used, which permits closure of even large perforations in a single session. Very large defects of more than about 2 cm in diameter can be closed most reliably with a three-step procedure using a pedicled flap from the oral vestibule.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"L" technique compared with others in mammaplasty reduction.

With more than 20 years' experience with using my L method in reduction mammaplasty, I realize that very little has changed in my philosophy. With the L technique one can achieve a perfect shape with a minimal scar and avoid a medial scar toward the sternum. I use only the lower access with upper vascular protection, abandoning the inferior vascular base of the flap. This procedure has new competition including techniques that yield a simple vertical scar or only a periareolar scar. However, up to now it is not possible, with any technique, to achieve a satisfactory shape for exigent patients. When I explain to potential patients the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods, in most cases they choose the L technique.

Breast↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excitation-contraction coupling in voltage-clamped cardiac myocytes.

Myocytes isolated from guinea pig ventricles were voltage-clamped using patch pipettes in the whole-cell configuration. For proper voltage control fast Na+ current was blocked by TTX or inactivated by an appropriate prepulse. Zero-load cell shortening was monitored by a photoelectric device. The mechanical response to a short depolarizing clamp was mainly a phasic (transient) contraction. Long-lasting depolarizations caused a tonic (sustained) shortening of a cell. Different clamp patterns were used to study the mode of activation of phasic contraction. 1) With a constant Ca2+ preload established by a train of conditioning pulses, the shortening-voltage relation measured with test pulses of varying height was a bell-shaped curve reflecting the slow inward current (ICa)-voltage relation. The test pulse had a striking influence on the first contraction of the following conditioning series, resulting in an S-shaped relation between post-test contraction and test potential. 2) With series of identical clamps of varying height, steady-state contraction was maximal around 40 mV and not in proportion to ICa. In these measurements Ca2+ preload was likely to increase with increasing potential. It is concluded that ICa initiates phasic contraction by inducing a release of Ca2+ from internal stores while replenishment of the stores is largely determined by an electrogenic transsarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchange. The data suggest that Na+-Ca2+ exchange is not only involved in long-term changes of cardiac contractility but also in beat-to-beat regulation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence of caries in the Canton Waadt (Vaud) after the change from fluoride tablets to fluoridization of salt].

This report shows results of a survey on dental caries in the Canton of Vaud in the years 1970 and 1974. In this canton fluoridation was carried out by means of fluoride tablets distributed at school until 1969/70 and in subsequent years by adding 250 mg F/kg fluoride to domestic salt. For comparison, results from adjoining and other cantons are also presented. In 1970 the 3 communities in the Canton of Vaud (Moudon, Grandson and Vevey) showed a remarkably low overall caries level due to the distribution of fluoride tablets, supplemented in Grandson with regular brushings with fluoride solution. When the fluoride tablets were discontinued in 1968/70 and fluoridated domestic salt containing 250 mg F/kg NaCl was introduced, caries incidence reached an even lower level. In these 3 communities caries prevalence fell to the lowest level reached, so far, by means of preventive measures in Bettlach (Canton of Solothurn, toothbrushing with fluoride solutions 6 times per year combined with information, fluoride tablets on every school day, and in addition consumption of table salt fluoridated at a suboptimal level of 90 ppm). The children in the control communities Romont (Canton of Fribourg), St-Aubin (Canton of Neuchâtel) and Châtel-St-Denis (Canton of Fribourg) also showed decreases of caries levels from 1970 to 1974. This decrease can be attributed to the distribution of fluoride tablets started at the schools of this community in the late sixties. Caries incidence in the age spans 8 to 12 and 10 to 14 years was estimated. Children from the Canton of Vaud where fluoridated table salt was practically the only preventive measure showed a smaller DMF increase than those from the cantons Fribourg and Neuchâtel. By means of a method combining DMF means of various age groups it was possible to obtain sufficiently large numbers of children for a study of the caries prevalence in each community. All communities showed a decrease of caries levels. In the Canton of Vaud this reduction started at a lower initial level and in 1974 reached consistently lower values than those of the control communities of the cantons of Fribourg and Neuchâtel.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

All about nasal valve collapse.

For correcting collapsed alae, blunt dissection of the septal mucoperichondrium through the transfixion incision is extended on both sides up to the vault of the upper lateral cartilages, which are severed from their insertion. I remodel the lower lateral cartilage and secure the lateral crus together with the upper alar groove in a less concave position with mattress sutures in cases of anterior valvular disturbance. The upper lateral cartilages are also fixed in a more convex position, particularly in cases of posterior valvular disturbance. In both anomalies a slightly convex septal or auricular slice cartilage graft placed over the concerned cartilage helps to keep the valve more open and the lateral wall in proper position. If necessary, in extreme secondary cases, one needs the help of bilateral cartilaginous or bony supports embedded subperiostally at the nasal bones.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aesthetic refinements in nose reconstruction.

Reconstruction of the nose must be performed whenever a loss of tissue occurs in the nasal pyramid. Partial and subtotal losses are more frequently encountered and may concern the external covering, the supporting structures, the lining, as well as the possible combination of these layers. Correct examination of the patient, helped by photographs, X-rays, and other aids, is invaluable to the diagnosis. These diagnostic resources are also helpful for planning the surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined aesthetic and functional treatment of microtia.

The reconstruction of the ear pavilion includes at least two stages, usually three, and in many cases more. Complete reconstruction must begin with the plastic surgeon, who sculpts the cartilaginous skeleton, assembles parts of three ribs, and inserts the finished framework under the expanded skin of the mastoid area. During the second stage, the otologist intervenes, performing the cophosurgery, carving an external auditory canal, and completing the ossicular chain in the middle ear. The plastic surgeon harvests the skin for lining the external auditory canal and for the retroauricular fold and forms the lobule with a part of the microtic vestige. The third stage is dedicated to refinements. Cophosurgery may also be performed during the third stage or in an interval between two stages of pavilion construction. Twenty-one cases are discussed.

Cartilage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stenosis of the nasal vestibule and its treatment.

From our own experience and a review of the literature, we present a few techniques which, in our eyes, give the surgeon the possibility to treat most encountered cases of stenosis of the nasal vestibule. During 1991 to 1998 the author in Stuttgart (W.G.) performed simple z-plasty combined with local flaps in 6 patients and composite grafts only in 12 cases, to correct nasal vestibule stenosis. The author in Lausanne (R.M.), who first described the paranasal myocutaneous flap to correct not only nasal vestibule stenosis but also alar base malposition has treated over 50 patients with this technique and with composite grafts during the last 20 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical value of Doppler ultrasound in the first two months after kidney transplant.

The ability of PI measurements to differentiate between acute rejection and ATN was investigated in 37 patients, who were frequently examined by duplex Doppler after kidney transplant. Absolute PI values as well as increase in PI were recorded and the clinical course was correlated with these pulsatility measurements. PI values were evaluated in 70% of patients undergoing acute rejection. However, in the majority of patients with ATN, the PI was evaluated from the start and continued to rise to an average of 8 days post-transplant. This rise in PI in patients with ATN suggests that pulsatility measurements are unreliable tests to differentiate acute rejection from ATN in the early post-transplant period.

Adult↗