Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R M Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to R M Patterson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Tartrazine-induced chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells.

Tartrazine (FD & C Yellow No.5) has been shown to induce chromosomal aberrations in fibroblast cells of Muntiacus muntjac in vitro. M. muntjac cells were exposed to various concentrations of tartrazine (in the 5-20 micrograms/ml range) and were evaluated for induced chromosomal aberrations after two different periods of culture. Total percentages of chromosomal aberrations were significantly increased above control levels in all experimental groups. The results suggest that further studies are needed to determine the potential mutagenic effects of tartrazine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Reduction of benzo(a)pyrene induced chromosomal aberrations by DL-alpha-tocopherol.

The antioxidant, DL-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the percentage of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) induced chromosomal aberrations in vitro. Chinese hamster lung (Don) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were treated with either 1 microgram/ml or 5 micrograms/ml BP for 4 to 28 h; some cultures were treated with S9 mix activated BP. Additional cultures of Don and CHO were treated simultaneously with 100 micrograms/ml of DL-alpha-tocopherol and BP. In CHO cells 1 microgram/ml non-activated BP significantly increased the chromosomal aberration percentage above the control level. Aberrations observed included breaks, gaps, fusions, rings, dicentrics, and polyploids. Chinese hamster Don cells treated with 1 microgram/ml or 5 micrograms/ml S9 mix activated BP contained significant increases in aberration percentages above the control levels. When Don cells were treated simultaneously with activated BP and DL-alpha-tocopherol for 4 h, there was a slight decrease in the total aberration frequency to less than that of cells treated with activated BP only; however, when Don cells were treated with BP and DL-alpha-tocopherol for 28 h, there was a significant reduction in the aberration percentage below that of BP-treated cells alone. Similar results have been obtained with CHO cells treated with nonactivated BP and DL-alpha-tocopherol. The results reported here provide further evidence that antioxidants may prevent the potential mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of certain polycyclic compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effects of rhodamine B on the chromosomes of Muntiacus muntjac.

Cytogenetic analysis of Muntiacus muntjac fibroblast cells exposed to the xanthene dye, Rhodamine B, revealed a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations. The M. muntjac fibroblasts were exposed to various concentrations of Rhodamine B and examined for increases in aberration frequencies. As the concentration of Rhodamine B was increased there was an increase in the percentage and types of aberrations observed up to 20 micrograms/ml concentrations. At the 20 micrograms/ml exposure levels, there was a decrease in the total aberration frequencies and an increase in the types of aberrations observed; these results may be related to toxicity at the higher concentration. These results suggest the need for further study of the effects of Rhodamine B in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cardiovascular responses in turkeys as affected by diurnal variation and stressors.

Ten hypertensive (hyper) and hypotensive (hypo) turkeys of both sexes were used to evaluate the effect of various stimuli on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Blood pressures were recorded from the brachial artery via a catheter and radio telemetric system. After a 48 hr baseline monitoring, the birds were subjected to exercise, fright, and mating and the BP and HR changes recorded. Mean arterial BP was 4.5 mm Hg less during night than day, and the BP of the hyper strain was significantly (P less than or equal to .05) higher than the hypo strain. Tracings from quiescent birds revealed fluctuations in BP that varied by 100 mm Hg. These were unexplainable fluctuations and occurred in both hyper and/or hypo birds at various times. The application of various stressful situations, such as exercise and fright, had little effect on BP but appeared to cause marked changes in HR. The highest recorded BP occurred during one of the mating exercises where systolic BP approached 350 mm Hg and HR increased by approximately 100%. Noises created with dog whistles and a .22 caliber pistol shot did not cause marked changes in BP and HR.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of controlled temperature variations on growth rate and blood pressure, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values in the turkey.

Hypertensive and hypotensive strains of turkeys were observed for the possibility of a synergistic response between hypertension and temperature stress. The birds in four experiments were placed in chambers with temperature settings of 15.6, 26.7, and 37.8 C (humidity approximately 60%) and an ambient control. The temperature effect was measured by comparing the responses in body weight-gain, systolic blood pressure, and hematocrit and hemoglobin values. In each experiment both hypertensive and hypotensive strains in the 37.8 C chamber had a significantly lower (P less than or equal to .05) weight gain than those in the other chambers. The 26.7 C chamber had the next lowest weight gain. Considerably more variability in weight gain was observed in the hypertensive strain. Systolic blood pressure data were similar for all experiments. The lowest average blood pressures were recorded in the 37.8 C chamber. The high and low blood pressure strains showed overall average decreases in blood pressure of 28% and 14%, respectively. There was no consistent response in hematocrit and hemoglobin values due to temperature stress. Overall average hematocrit values were 39.1 and 38.0% for the hypertensive and hypotensive strains, respectively, while average hemoglobin values were 11.8 and 12.2 g/dl. The hypertensive strain showed more variation in weight gain, a greater percentage drop in blood pressure, and a 19% mortality rate in the high temperature chambers. These factors indicate that hypertension is an added factor in the overall stress of these birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Measurement of peritoneal clearances in self-dialysis patients.

Twelve chronic peritoneal dialysis patients were studied on 20 occasions to measure peritoneal clearances of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and potassium. Two clearance techniques were employed, the classical type using timed collections and a midpoint blood specimen and an experimental type using calculated dialysate flow and predialysis peritoneal fluid solute concentrations. Comparison of the two techniques demonstrated a close correlation between simultaneously measured clearances and also for repeat measurements in the same patient. The new technique is simple and reproducible, does not require blood sampling, and can be performed in the home by patients treated by self-dialysis using automated peritoneal dialysis equipment. The new technique will allow more frequent monitoring of peritoneal permeance in self-dialysis patients, and necessary adjustments in treatment time can be prescribed without requiring hospitalization.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Chromosomal aberrations induced by Dispersion Yellow 3 in Rana clamitans larvae during tail regeneration.

Azo dyes have been shown to be mutagenic and toxic in a variety of organisms. The azo dye, Dispersion Yellow 3 is a pollutant in the river water supply of Northern Georgia. Preliminary and definitive studies have indicated that it is mutagenic in micro-organisms and causes several malformations in chicken embryos. The present study revealed that when larvae are exposed to the dye during tail regeneration, several aberrations are seen in the squash preparations from regenerates. Included are gaps (the most frequent abnormality), dicentrics, rings and breaks. The data suggest that this azo dye deserves more detailed study to determine its mutagenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Blood plasma constituents in 14-week old hypertensive and hypotensive strains of turkeys.

Plasma inorganic phosphorous, glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were determined in 14-week old turkeys from lines genetically determined for high and low blood pressure. The turkeys received a commercial grower diet (control), control + 10% animal fat, or control + 10% animal fat and 1% cholesterol. Concentrations of uric acid in plasma were higher (P less than or equal to .05) in the control-diet group than in the other dietary groups, and the high blood pressure line had significantly higher (P less than or equal to .05) concentrations of uric acid in plasma than the low blood pressure line. Turkeys fed the diet containing added cholesterol had higher levels (P less than or equal to .05) of total plasma cholesterol than those receiving the other diets. Alkaline phosphatase levels of plasma were significantly lower (P less than or equal to .05) in the control-diet group than the other dietary groups. There were no other effects within either of the genetic blood pressure lines that indicated blood pressure had any influence on blood plasma constituents other than uric acid, nor was there any indication that dietary treatment had any effect within either blood pressure group. Blood pressure and plasma constituents were not correlated.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of inulin, iothalamate, and 99mTc-DTPA for measurement of glomerular filtration rate.

Clearances of inulin, 125I-iothalamate, and 99mTc-Sn-DTPA were measured simultaneously in five mongrel dogs exhibiting a wide range of glomerular filtration rates (GFR). Standard constant-infusion inulin clearance was compared to radionuclide clearances after subcutaneous injection of the emitters mixed with aqueous epinephrine. All three substances were found to have virtually identical clearances. The accuracy, accessibility, low cost, low radiation hazard, and short half-life of 99mTc-Sn-DTPA make it an excellent substance for measuring GFR. The subcutaneous technique offers an accuracy comparable to the more difficult constant-infusion method.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Location and geometric description of carpal bones in CT images.

The carpal regions of ten cadaver extremities were imaged by CT. The images were combined into a 3-dimensional model of the carpus using a technique based on a dynamic programming algorithm to find an optimal estimate of the location of the bone boundaries in the CT images. The resulting set of surface points on each bone was used to compute volumes and principal and antipodal axes for the bones. A spatial coordinate system was established based on the positions of the centroids of three bones in the distal carpal row. The angular orientations of all carpal bones were determined with respect to this system. The principal axes for the same bone among ten wrist specimens proved to be more widely dispersed than the antipodal axes for the same bones. The antipodal axes also correspond more closely to an intuitive notion of the "longest axis" of the bones. We conclude that the antipodal axis is a more reliable and useful measure of bone orientation than the principal axis.

Adult↗