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Biomedical subjects

R M Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to R M Coleman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chronotherapy: resetting the circadian clocks of patients with delayed sleep phase insomnia.

We report here the development of a brief drug-free rescheduling treatment ("chronotherapy") for Delayed Sleep Phase (DSP) insomnia, a syndrome characterized by sleep-onset insomnia with difficulty in morning awakening. We postulated that patients with DSP insomnia had an inadequate capacity to achieve phase advance shifts of the circadian pacemaker which times the sleep-wake cycle. Chronotherapy was therefore designed to reset these patients' biological clocks by the phase delay route. This single 5-6 day treatment was tested in 5 patients with a 4-15 year history of DSP insomnia. All 5 patients reported a lasting resolution of their symptoms substantiated by systematic long-term self-reports and objective polygraphic recording before and after treatment (average follow-up of 260 days; range, 42-910 days). The average sleep onset advanced from 4:50 a.m. before treatment to 12:20 a.m. afterwards, and wake times advanced from 1:00 p.m. to 755 a.m. (for both, p less than 0.001), with no reduction in sleep efficiency. As a result, all 5 patients were able to end their chronic dependence on hypnotic medications.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sleep-wake disorders in the elderly: polysomnographic analysis.

The experience with 83 patients aged 60 or older from the Stanford Sleep-Wake Disorders Clinic is compared with that in 423 younger clinic patients seen during the same two-year period. Each patient received a medical, psychologic and polysomnographic evaluation. The final diagnoses were recorded according to the Diagnostic Classification System of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. The most common major diagnoses in the elderly group were sleep apnea syndrome (39 percent) and periodic movements-restless legs syndrome (18 percent). These syndromes showed a significantly greater prevalence in the older than in the younger patients (p less than .001), and were found in 68 percent of the elderly group. The elderly manifested more objective signs of sleep disturbance, including more wake time after sleep onset, and more frequent and longer awakenings; moreover, fewer of them experienced stage-4 sleep. The diagnostic findings seemed to indicate that complaints about sleep-wake functioning in many elderly patients may be a result of specific pathologic sleep disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Quantification of hyperbaric oxygen-induced toxicity utilizing a malarial system.

This study was undertaken in recognition of the need to develop quantitative systems to evaluate the toxicity associated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure. Malaria-infected (P. berghei berghei) mice were briefly exposed to 100% oxygen at 3 ATA on day 10 of infection. At 25, 48, and 72 h thereafter, the levels of circulating erythrcytes and percent parasitized RBC were monitored and compared to those of infected non-exposed controls. The total erythrocyte counts of the infected HBO-exposed and non-exposed mice did not differ significantly. In contrast, percent parasitized cells in the oxygen-exposed mice were lowered to 55-60% control values at 24, 48, and 72 h. The mechanism of this difference needs further study, but we believe that P. berghei-infected erythrocytes are preferentially hemolyzed as a consequence of HBO exposure. this mode system is useful in the study of HBO-induced toxicity because of its high degree of selectivity and sensitivity and its amenability to strict quantification over a period of at least several days.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus): relation to sleep disorders.

Periodic movements in sleep (PMS) are stereotyped, repetitive, nonepileptiform movements of the lower extremities. A total of 409 sleep disorder patients were studied with all-night polysomnogram recording, and 53 (13%) had PMS. Such movements occurred in a wide variety of sleep-wake disorders in addition to insomnia. The prevalence and magnitude of PMS were not statistically greater in patients with insomniac disorders than in those with syndromes of excessive daytime sleepiness or other sleep-wake disorders. The results suggest that although PMS is responsible for disturbed sleep in relatively few patients, chronic sleep-wake disturbance is associated with PMS and may lead to the development of these movements.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1980

Splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) and stem cells (CFU-s) during acute phenylhydrazine-induced enhanced erythropoiesis.

The erythroid status and levels of splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were monitored in mice subsequent to acute phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced hemolytic anemia. From ferrokinetic measurements, we noted a shift in erythropoiesis from bone marrow to spleen. The levels of splenic PFC were significantly depressed following PHZ-induced erythroid differentiation. Although this immune depression may reflect competition at the stem cell levels, whereby pluripotent stem cells (CFU-s) are preferentially differentiated into the erythroid line at the expense of lymphopoietic pathways, other possibilities cannot be excluded. In this regard, we have shown that loading of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) by PHZ-damaged erythrocytes effected profound depressions in splenic PFC numbers. Lastly, in addition to the well-documented increases in CFU-s migration from marrow to spleen during enhanced erythropoiesis, we noted increased migration of B lymphocytes (as assessed by PFC) in marrow-shielded lethally-irradiated mice given PHZ. We also provide data which show that PHZ-damaged RBC evoke increased migration of CFU-s in normal mice, indicating a possible involvement of the MPS in stem cell migration.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1980

Independence of chicken major histocompatibility antigens and tumor-associated antigen on the surface of herpesvirus-induced lymphoma cells.

Capping of chicken major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens on normal thymus, spleen, and peripheral blood leukocytes was demonstrated, although MHC antigens appeared to be present on only 15 to 18% of normal thymus cells. MHC antigen capping also occurred on cells from a Marek's disease herpesvirus-induced transplantable lymphoma (MDCT-NYM1). Capping of a Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA) could be induced on MDCT-NYM1 lymphoma cells as well as on cells of two Marek's disease in vitro lymphoblastoid cell lines (MDCC-MSB1 and MDCC-LS1). Cocapping of MHC antigens and MATSA did not occur on MDCT-NYM1 lymphoma cells. The results suggest that MHC antigens and MATSA are not structurally associated on the cell membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serologic studies of Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus morbillorum by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

A reference antigen-antibody system for Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus morbillorum was established with crossed immunoelectrophoresis. A comparison of S. intermedius, S. constellatus, and S. morbillorum with crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel indicated that S. intermedius and S. constellatus are closely related antigenically with as many as six common cytoplasmic antigens. S. morbillorum was antigenically more distinct; antiserum of one strain of S. morbillorum was monospecific, indicating that specific serogroups of S. morbillorum exist. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed that S. intermedius, S. constellatus, and S. morbillorum also share some common antigens with Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis, but S. intermedius, S. constellatus, and S. morbillorum are antigenically distinct from Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus bovis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1977

Absence of tonic electromyographic activity during sleep in normal and spastic nonmimetic skeletal muscles in man.

An electromyographic study of nonmimetic skeletal muscles was carried out in 8 normal adults and 4 patients with spastic hemiparesis during all stages of sleep for a total of 21 nights. All normal subjects showed absence of tonic electromyographic activity in all nonmimetic skeletal muscles in all stages of sleep. Also, during quiet, relaxed wakefulness, tonic muscle discharges disappeared in the normal subjects. Three patients with upper motor neuron spasticity demonstrated results during sleep similar to those obtained in the normal subjects. In the fourth patient, tonic muscle discharges persisted into stage 2 non-REM sleep, disappeared within 30 to 240 seconds following the onset of stage 2 sleep, and were absent during stages 3 and 4 sleep and REM sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Clinical comparison of aerobic, hypertonic, and anaerobic culture media for the radiometric detection of bacteremia.

The BACTEC 225 was used to test 5,811 routine blood cultures over a 20-month period. Aerobic, anaerobic, and hypertonic media were employed. The BACTEC 225 detected 511 positive cultures; 407 of these were considered significant organisms, and 104 were presumed contaminants. Of the significant positive cultures, 15% were detected within the first 12 h of incubation, 52% within 24 h, 82% within 48 h and 92% within 72 h. Aerobic, anaerobic, and hypertonic media are recommended for each venipuncture since 56 cultures were isolated from the aerobic medium only, 110 from the anaerobic medium only, and 94 from the hypertonic medium only. There were 16 patients who had multiple venipunctures from which organisms were repeatedly isolated from only one medium: two from the aerobic medium, four from the anaerobic medium, and ten from the hypertonic medium only. Detection times were not significantly different for the aerobic and hypertonic media. However, there were five patients with multiple venipunctures in which growth was detected radiometrically at least 48 h earlier in the hypertonic than in the aerobic medium. False-positive growth index readings were noted in 1,085 (19%) of the aerobic vial, 11 (0.19%) of the anaerobic vials, microorganisms were isolated from at least one of the companion vials. Using 5% co2 to flush the aerobic vials. With some false-positive aerobic and hypertonic vials decreased the number of false positives to about 6% of the total.

Aerobiosis↗