Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Lozano

Publications and source records attributed to R Lozano.

120 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Josamycin in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections.

The subjects were 6,033 outpatients, from every province of Spain, with acute bronchitis (44%), exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (35%), typical pneumonia (14%), or atypical pneumonia (8%). Most of the patients were aged 50 to 70 years. The dose of josamycin in over 90% of the patients was 2 gm daily. The mean duration of infection before treatment was 5.3 days and treatment lasted a mean of 9.2 days. Concomitant drugs were taken by 78% of the patients; these included mucolytic agents, xanthine derivatives, beta-adrenergic agonists, and corticosteroids. After two weeks of treatment, the infection was cured in 82% of the patients with acute bronchitis, in 30% with chronic bronchitis, in 85% with typical pneumonia, and in 85% with atypical pneumonia; improvement was shown by 16%, 66%, 13%, and 13%, respectively. Treatment side effects were noted in 11% of the patients receiving josamycin alone and in 17% of the patients receiving concomitant drugs. Most side effects were mild and transient; treatment was discontinued because of side effects in 2% of the patients receiving josamycin alone and in 3% receiving concomitant drugs. It is concluded that josamycin is a safe and effective agent in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nicardipine in the treatment of outpatients with cerebrovascular disorders.

A drug surveillance study was conducted, aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of nicardipine in outpatients with cerebrovascular diseases and at assessing the changes in nonfocal symptoms in the treated patients. The 3,150 outpatients (mean age, 68.9 years) were being treated by general practitioners and neurologists in Barcelona, Spain. Cerebral embolism was diagnosed in 4.0%, cerebral thrombosis in 13.0%, transitory ischemic attack in 28.0%, and chronic cerebral ischemia in 55.0%. The daily dose of nicardipine ranged from 20 to 180 mg; 87.7% of the patients received 60 mg of nicardipine daily. Concomitant medications were being taken by 89.1% of the patients. Treatment was evaluated in 2,913 patients. After 60 days of treatment, marked improvement was noted in 31.0% of the patients, moderate improvement in 39.0%, slight improvement in 20.0%, and no change in 10.0%. Marked or moderate improvement was noted in 69.6% of the patients who received nicardipine alone and in 66.9% of the patients who received concomitant medications. Clinically significant drops in blood pressure during treatment were found in the hypertensive patients. Side effects were reported by 14.5% of all patients and by 4.6% of the patients who received nicardipine alone. It is concluded that the daily administration of nicardipine is safe and effective in outpatients with cerebrovascular disorders.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Elements for a theory of transition in health].

This article presents the basic elements for developing a theory of the health transition. Such elements include the definition of concepts, the specification of a framework on the determinants of health status, the analysis of the mechanisms through which changes in health occur in populations, the characterization of the attributes that allow us to identify different transition models, and the enumeration of the possible consequences of the transition. The propositions are presented with a sufficient level of generality as to make them applicable to different contexts; at the same time, an attempt is made to provide them with the necessary specificity to account for different national experiences, thus opening a space for future comparative research efforts. Through the systematization exercise presented in this paper, we hope to contribute to the progress of a topic that has gained growing importance during recent years. Such importance is due to the enormous potential that health transition theory has for understanding and transforming the growing complexity of our times.

Birth Rate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Curricular design of health postgraduate programs: the case of Masters in epidemiology].

This paper discusses the need to create specific programs for the training of researchers in epidemiology, a field that has traditionally been ignored by the graduate programs in public health. This is due, in part, to the emphasis that has been placed on the training of professionals in other areas of public health. The paper also includes the results of a consensus exercise developed during the curricular design of the Masters Program in Epidemiology of the School of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The technique used during the consensus exercise was the TKJ, which allows the presentation of ideas and possible solutions for a specific problem. This is probably the first published experience in the use of such a technique for the design of an academic curriculum. Taking as a base the general characteristics of the students, the substantive, disciplinary and methodological subjects were chosen. The results showed a need for a multidisciplinary approach based on modern methodologies of statistics and epidemiology. The usefulness of the results of the curricular design and the superiority of this method to reach consensus is also discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Equity and health: research needs for the development of a social policy].

This article presents a general view of the evolution of the conceptual approach to equity in health and its current meaning. The analysis of equity from the standpoint of distribution-accesibility, use and outcome of health services is proposed. Every point of view is addressed to an operational and policy-making position. This paper concludes with a proposal of perspectives for research development in this field.

Health Policy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nicardipine in the prevention of cerebral infarction.

Two hundred and sixty-four patients were included in an open, randomized, multicenter trial, with the aim of determining whether nicardipine can be useful in the prevention of cerebral infarction. The patients had experienced one or more transient ischemic attacks, reversible ischemic neurologic defect, or stroke with minor permanent neurological deficit in the 12 months before enrolling in the study. Each patient was randomly assigned to received 250 mg of aspirin once daily plus 20 mg of nicardipine thrice daily (n = 170) or 250 mg of aspirin once daily (n = 94) for 12 months. During the 12-month treatment period, 12% of the aspirin-plus-nicardipine group and 19% of the aspirin-only group experienced an ischemic cerebrovascular event; at six months, the cumulative incidence of events was significantly lower in the aspirin-plus-nicardipine group than in the aspirin-only group. One patient in each group died of a recurrent stroke. Aspirin-related side effects were dyspepsia (reported by four patients), heartburn (by seven), nausea and vomiting (by four), and melena (by five); nicardipine-related side effects were transient hypotension (by two), headache (by four), ankle edema (by three), and constipation (by four). Results indicate that the addition of nicardipine to antiplatelet treatment may safely prevent the recurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular events.

Aspirin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Advances in public health investigation. 5 years' work of the Center for Research in Public Health, 1984-1989].

Five years after the creation of the Center for Public Health Research (SPHR), this essay reviews its origins and evolution and points to the challenges it will face in the future. The seven basic organizational principles underlying the academic development of the Center are described. In the quantitative aspect, the institution's growth is reflected in the rapidly increasing trend in the number of researchers, projects and scientific publications, as well as in the volume of the external financial resources received. In the qualitative aspect, the article highlights the ever growing number of themes approached by the seven lines of research, the elaboration of conceptual models, the creation of data bases and the methodological development. Among the most important challenges of the CPHR in the future are: (1) solving existing organizational problems; (2) building links with the decision makers and (3) establishing an equilibrium between relevance and excellence in public health research.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Peptic ulcer in patients with cirrhosis].

This study was carried out at the of gastroenterology service from Hospital Nacional "Daniel A. Carrión" Callao-Peru, between June 1993 and May 1994, in order to determine the incidence, as well as, the clinical and endoscopic features of peptic ulcer disease in cirrhotic patients. 24 out of 46 (52.17%) hospitalized cirrhotic patient during this period, had peptic ulcer disease. The male:female ratio was 1:1. The mean age was 63.54 years, ranging from 44 to 90. There was statistical association (p < 0.05) between the severity of liver disease determined by Child Pugh Score and the presence of gastric ulcer. Regarding symptomatology, 54.16% had hematemesis and/or melena and 37.5% were asymptomatic. 6 patients had 2 or more ulcers, presenting the total series as a whole 35 ulcers, whose size ranged from 0.4 a 1.2 cm. Gastric antrum was the most often location (60%) followed by duodenal bulb (20%). We conclude that peptic ulcer disease in our cirrhotic patients is more frequent than reported by international literature (5-32%). Severity of liver disease was associated to gastric ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pediatric colonoscopic polypectomy].

Colorectal polyps are relatively frequent in infancy and constitute one of the main causes of bleeding per rectum. Endoscopic polypectomy, with its lower morbidity and mortality, has revolutionized its treatment. Between October 1, 1985 and May 31, 1994, 122 polypectomies were done in 88 pediatric patients. Forty five patients (51.1%) were male and 43 female (48.9%). Forty four patients (50%) were between 1 and 5 years of age. Ninety five polyps (77.9%) were found more frequently in the rectum. Regarding the size, 63 polyps (51.6%) measured between 1 and 2 cm. Seventy three patients (83%) had a single polyp, 10 patients (11.4%) had 2 polyps and 1 patient had 12 polyps. Ninety six polyps (78.7%) were pedunculated, being this the more frequent form found. Histologically the most common was the juvenile polyp, found in 106 cases (87.6%). The polypectomies was carried out without using general anesthesia and is performed as an outpatient procedure. We had no experience of endoscopic complications. It is concluded that colonoscopy polypectomy is a useful, simple and safe procedure for treating colorectal polyps in children.

Adolescent↗