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Biomedical subjects

R Lindemann

Publications and source records attributed to R Lindemann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Breast feeding of premature infants].

A study was conducted among 56 women in order to discover factors which might motivate them to breast-feed their premature infants. At three months of age, 54% of the infants were breast-fed. At six the figure was 29% and at nine months 25%. Low birth weight, low gestational age and the severity of neonatal complications were associated with short duration of lactation. If the mother smoked, the mean lactation period was three months compared with 5.5 months in a non-smoking mother, even if the child was critically ill. The lactation period was longer among mothers with a higher education. If the mother expressed milk more than five times a day the lactation period was likely to be long. The most frequent reason for cessation of milk production was declining volume of milk. Women who deliver prematurely should start to express breast milk preferably within the first days after delivery. Information and encouragement enhance milk yield and prolong the breast-feeding period.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1993

[Hereditary diseases and abnormalities as cause of death during the first 2 years of life among 7 groups of Oslo children. A comparison between Norwegian and Pakistani children].

Perinatal and infant death are important indicators of community health. We examined the rate of stillbirth and death before the age of two years among 36,700 children with Norwegian and 2,750 children with Pakistani background. There was no difference in the rate of stillbirth and death during the second year of life, but a 2.5-3 times higher death rate during the first year of life among the Pakistani children, compared with the Norwegian children. When deaths due to single gene disorders and congenital malformations were excluded, the death rate during the first year of life was similar in the two groups. The Pakistani children had an 18 times higher death rate from autosomal recessive disorders and a ten times higher death rate from malformations of the central nervous system. The difference in death rate between the two groups was probably due to the high rate of consanguinity among the Pakistani parents.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1993

Erythropoietin, protein, and iron supplementation and the prevention of anaemia of prematurity.

The effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEpo) in raising haemoglobin concentrations in very low birthweight infants was examined in a randomised multicentre study. Twenty nine 'healthy' appropriate for gestational age infants with birth weights 900-1400 g entered the study at 3 weeks of age. All infants received breast milk supplemented with 9 g/l human breast milk protein from 3 to 8 weeks of age. Eighteen mg iron was given daily from week 3 and was doubled if serum iron concentration fell below 16.0 mumol/l. Fourteen infants were randomised to receive 100 U/kg r-HuEpo subcutaneously three times a week from week 3 to week 7; 15 infants served as controls. After one week reticulocyte and haemoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in the r-HuEpo treated group and the haemoglobin values remained significantly higher throughout r-HuEpo treatment and at the concentrations observed in full term infants. No adverse effects were associated with the treatment. In stable very low birthweight infants with optimal iron and protein intakes, moderate dose r-HuEpo can produce significant gains in red cell production that may be clinically useful.

Anemia, Neonatal↗
PubMed1992

[Delivery on the mother's or the infant's premises?].

A delivery should take place on the infant's premises. The mother's wishes and needs should also be taken into consideration, however, as long as they do not involve hazard to the child. The mother should have the right to take leave of absence at least four weeks before term and approximately one year after delivery. ABC-principles (Alternative Birth Care) during pregnancy and labour could be applied by making a hospital delivery more like a home delivery.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1992

Congenital heart defects, hamartomas of the tongue and polysyndactyly in a sister and brother.

We report a sister and brother with congenital heart defects, hamartomas of the tongue and polydactyly. Both had coarctation of the aorta, which was repaired in early infancy. In addition, the girl had atrioventricular canal. She died postoperatively at age 4 years. The boy had subaortic stenosis and died of pneumonia at age 2 years. Both children had normal psychomotor development. The parents were healthy and unrelated. The familial occurrence could be due to a previously unrecognized autosomal recessive syndrome or parental gonadal mosaicism for a dominant syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

[Perinatal HIV-infection. Epidemiologic, social and ethical aspects].

More HIV-infected women are becoming pregnant and delivering their baby. The rate of perinatal transmission is about 30-40%. Two thirds of the verified HIV-positive Norwegian women are infected by heterosexual contact. For this reason the obstetric interview is of major importance in order to identify women at risk. We discuss the HIV-screening programme now being run in Norway. Approximately 250,000 pregnant women have been tested and only 19 HIV-positive women have been detected. We discuss the ethical and social problems connected with day care centres, information to health services and the problems that arise when the mother or both parents develop AIDS and die.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Perinatal HIV-infection. Symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment].

Perinatally acquired HIV-infection is an increasing problem. Nine infants were born of HIV-infected mothers in Norway in 1988, and ten in 1989. Pediatric AIDS may involve a wide spectrum of clinical diseases with a high affinity to the central nervous system. The time from birth to development of clinical symptoms is relatively short. The overall mortality rate is extremely high in all age groups. Two children with perinatal HIV-infection are discussed in light of our treatment regimen. Children with immunosuppression and/or clinical symptoms are treated with zidovudine (azidotymidin/AZT) perorally. Children with repeated bacterial or opportunistic infections are also given immunoglobulin intravenously every 3rd to 4th week.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Unsupplemented breastfeeding in the maternity ward. Positive long-term effects.

Feeding routines in the maternity ward were investigated in 204 mother-infant pairs before and in 203 after a change towards earlier, more frequent breastfeeding and elimination of routine substitute feeds. In the intervention group, the volume of breast-milk increased, while the use of formula and sugar solution decreased correspondingly. The infants in the intervention group lost more weight during the first 2-3 days (6.4% versus 4.6%), but regained their birth weight faster than the supplemented control group. The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia was not significantly different in the two groups. No cases of hypoglycemia were diagnosed. At 6 months, 87% of the infants in the intervention group were still fed at the breast, compared with 66% in the control group. The weight curves were comparable up to 9 months, when intervention group infants were found to weigh slightly less. These follow-up results must be interpreted with some caution due to the low but comparable response rate of the two groups. Thus the intervention study demonstrated that healthy, full-term infants usually have no need for supplements to their mothers' milk provided they have had a satisfactory start in life with early and frequent feeds at the breast. The follow-up study indicated that a more "physiological" start of breastfeeding may have had a positive long term effect on the overall duration of the lactational period.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1990

[A historical birth tragedy. Neonatal infections still of interest today as they were 300 years ago].

Neonatal bacterial infections are still important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity, as they were 300 years ago. Queen Anne (1655-1714) underwent 18 pregnancies without producing any successors, probably because the children died of perinatal infection. Some women are unable to produce a specific IgG-antibody against Group B streptococcus (GBS). They may have normal IgM production and are thereby self-protected, while their infants risk developing neonatal GBS septicaemia. Listeria monocytogenes may cause repeated miscarriages, stillbirths and neonatal infections and, even today, is an important cause of perinatal deaths. The miscarriages and neonatal deaths of Queen Anne are believed to have been caused by an asymptomatic listeria monocytogenes infection. The importance of recognizing women at risk for these types of infections is discussed.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

[Transportation of newborn infants. A 6-year case load].

We have evaluated neonatal transports to Ullevål hospital over a six-year period. These were either carried out by helicopter, using a trained transportation team, or by ambulance, the transport being improvised from one transport to another. The investigation shows great variation in the handling of the transports, with the most significant problems in the group without a structured transport system. In addition to generally rather casual and often hazardous transport, particular problems arose in connection with maintaining an adequate body temperature. In addition, the transports were very inadequately documented.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1989

[Metabolic diseases causing acidosis in the neonatal period].

The diagnosis of metabolic diseases during the newborn period is difficult because symptoms and findings are similar to those generally encountered in newborn babies who are ill. Moreover, metabolic diseases are often complicated by infections and cerebral hemorrhages. The article presents a short clinical review of metabolic diseases associated with metabolic acidosis in the newborn and discusses appropriate investigations and differential diagnoses. It is important to remember the possibility of metabolic diseases as the cause of metabolic acidosis in the newborn period.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1988

Measurements of fetal head compression pressure during bearing down and their relationship to the condition of the newborn.

Fetal head compression pressure (FHCP) and its clinical importance has been investigated in a group of 46 spontaneous births. Measurement of FHCP was facilitated using a compression transducer positioned between the fetal head and the wall of the birth canal. This method not only constitutes a means of quantitating the forces acting directly on the fetal head, but also provides information about the intracranial pressure generated during delivery. The latter extrapolation is based on the principle of applanation. The technique provides an objective and reliable estimate of intracranial strain and therefore a means of comparing the forces generated under different delivery modes. The condition of the same neonates at birth was assessed using umbilical artery pH, Apgar score, neurobehavioral testing and fundoscopic examination. The mean amplitude of FHCP in the different deliveries ranged from 38 to 390 mmHg (5-52 kPa) with an overall mean of 157.9 mmHg (21.1 kPa). The study indicated that the appearance of retinal hemorrhages in the newborn cannot be explained by exposure of the fetal head to abnormally high compression during birth. Other explanations must be sought for infants with a neurobehavioral deficit, reduced Apgar score, or umbilical artery acidosis at birth. It is concluded that a relatively short period of high FHCP has no obvious consequences for fetal well-being, at least within the limits described in the present report.

Apgar Score↗