Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to R Lambert.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Motor activity of the sigmoid colon in chronic constipation: comparative study with normal subjects.

Manometric studies of the sigmoid colon were performed on 17 healthy volunteers and on 49 constipated patients, after a long period of fasting (18--20 hours). Motility was recorded using perfused catheters at basal level during 45 minutes, then 60 minutes after a 0.5 mg intravenous injection of neostigmine, and, finally, 30 minutes during and after a meal. Motor activity was assessed by a motility index (per cent of activity x mean amplitude of waves). In both normal and constipated patients, the basal motility index was very low (respectively 82 +/- 16 and 110 +/- 113). This low level of activity was due to the long fasting period imposed on all the subjects. After neostigmine the motility index increased in both controls (347 +/- 256) and constipated patients (311 +/- 325); this test, however was found to be unreliable. The meal increased the motility index to significantly higher values than after neostigmine in controls (538 +/- 215). In constipated patients the mean meal motility index was comparable with that of controls (577 +/- 549) with a large distribution of individual values. Using the mean meal motility index +/- 2 SD of the control group as a term of comparison, the patients were segregated into three groups: 'hypomotor' patients (eight cases), 'normomotor' patients (33 cases), and 'hypermotor' patients (eight cases). From the evidence of this series of clinically well-defined constipated patients, it was concluded that only the meal test is able to segregate three significant patterns of sigmoid activity and that a large number (68%) of constipated patients exhibit normal sigmoid motor activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Social work and dentistry in clinical, training and research collaboration.

The knowledge and knowledge building skills of social workers can improve in three ways the quality and type of services provided to dental patients. First, social workers can be involved in the training of dental professionals so as to improve their interactions with patients. Second, social workers may provide social work clinical services to dental patients. Finally, social workers can conduct research that can add to the body of knowledge on patient behaviors relevant to dental treatment. This paper outlines a program conducted by social workers that incorporates all three of these activities.

Dentistry↗
PubMed1978

[Fibrorectosigmoidoscopy. Results of 476 cases (author's transl)].

A fibrorectosigmoidoscope, 60 cm in length has been systematically applied in the endoscopy unit to the exploration of the distal colon. Technical parameters have been analysed in 300 patients: --immediate enema preparation was satisfactory (95% of examinations), --tolerance was good (96% of examinations), --mean length of colon explored reached 48,5 cm, --mean length of duration reached 5,15 mn. Efficacy in the detection of colonic lesions was tested in 476 patients (symptomatic or asymptomatic). Tumoral lesions were detected in 105 patients, with a total of 125 adenomas and 31 cancers; 71 lesions were found in the area that could be explored by a rigid rectosigmoidoscope (0-19 cm) while 85 were beyond this limit (20-60 cm). The fibre endoscope explores a larger territory (rectum + sigmoid), resulting in increased efficacy in the detection of colonic lesions. It should therefore replace progressively the rigid instrument in spite of its higher cost.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Flexible rectosigmoidoscopy in the detection of tumoral colonic lesions.

The fibrorectosigmoidocope Olympus TCF I S, has been systematically applied to the exploration of the distal colon (rectum and sigmoid) in patients with intestinal or digestive extra intestinal symptoms. In the first 300 patients the technical parameters of the method were tested: the fleet enema preparation was found excellent or satisfactory in 95% of examinations. The tolerance was good in 96% of examinations--the mean length of operation was 5.15 min--the mean length of colon examined was 48.5 cm, the distance of 50 cm being surpassed in 50% of patients. The efficacy in the detection of the lesions was tested in 476 patients. Tumoral colonic lesions were detected in 105 patients with a total of 125 adenomas and 31 cancers. In the area that could have been explored by a rigid rectosigmoidoscope (0-19 cm) we found 71 lesions (50 adenoma and 10 carcinoma), whereas beyond this limit (25-60 cm) 85 lesions (50 adenoma and 10 carcinoma).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Diffuse varioliform gastritis.

During 8 years experience, 90 cases of diffuse varioliform gastritis were observed (0.3% of examinations). Symptoms suggest either the presence of a gastroduodenal ulcer or of a digestive carcinoma when weight loss is prevalent. The disease proceeds by subacute evolutive bouts with remissions and further relapses. At endoscopy, lesions associate large folds in the fundus and erosive mucosal bulgings disseminated in the fundus and antrum. Histological alterations correspond to a superficial hyperplasic gastritis. Cellular infiltration of the lamina propria includes increased immunocytes population with an abnormal distribution of immunoglobulin classes. An increased percentage of IgE cells characterizes the disease as compared to inflammation in atrophic gastritis. Therapy is based upon agent inhibiting mastocytes degranulation and histamine antagonists. Diffuse varioliform gastritis must be separated from antral varioliform gastritis, a lesion with a higher frequency but no symptomatic individuality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Tissular immunoenzymatic detection of hepatic alphafetoprotein in human hepatomas.

5 human cases of hepatoma have been chosen with respect to their different seric alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) level and histological characters. Cells producing alpha-FP have been studied with specific horseradish-peroxidase-labelled immunoglobulins. Ultrastructural examination shows that alpha-FP is present in the cytoplasm of some tumoral hepatocytes. alpha-FP is also present in the cytoplasm of some rare nontumoral hepatocytes of a nonsecreting hepatoma. Ultrastructural differences are described in tumoral hepatocytes according to the grade of differentiation of the tumoral cell population. alpha-FP production appears to be restricted to moderately differentiated tumoral hepatocytes. These observations led to the hypothesis that production of alpha-FP may transiently develop either during the differentiation of tumoral hepatocytes, or during the new differentiation of nontumoral hepatocytes involved in a proliferative process.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1978

[Alpha heavy chain disease].

Alpha chain disease is a fairly rare disease (less than 80 cases have been diagnosed to date) the diagnosis of which should be considered as a routine in France when a young arab or oriental jew presents with digestive symptoms such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal pain of abdominal tumour. The diagnosis of the disease requires two examinations 1) serum immunoelectrophoresis with monospecific anti-IgA antiserum, which alone isolates in 100% of cases the paraprotein. 2) Exploratory laparatomy seems advisable in all cases, for it alone permits multiple lymph node and intestinal biopsies whict are necessary to determine the stage of the disease, the prognosis and treatment. 3) Generally speaking, heavy chain disease seems to represent like Burkitt's lymphoma, a model for experimental carcinoma.

Adolescent↗