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Biomedical subjects

R Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to R Lambert.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Hospital costs and return to work after coronary bypass surgery.

A study to assess the cost and some of the benefits of coronary bypass surgery was carried out at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. The minimum cost to the hospital of a typical coronary bypass graft procedure in 1980 was estimated to be $4700. The benefit of the procedure in terms of symptomatic relief and return to work was assessed by means of questionnaires. In the working-age group (55 years and under) of 591 patients, assessed from two to nine years after surgery, 68% of patients were working. In a group of 100 patients, aged 55 years and under, and interviewed from one to two years after surgery, 56 patients were working before surgery, but only 16 of these at full capacity. After surgery, 78 patients were working; 64 of these at full capacity. The cost of a coronary bypass graft operation is considerable, but this is offset in the majority of patients in the working-age group by a return to gainful employment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of cholesterol gallstones with ursodesoxycholic acid (author's transl)].

A double-blind clinical trial comparing ursodesoxycholic acid and chenodesoxycholic acid in patients with cholesterol stones in the gall-bladder showed that ursodesoxycholic acid was superior to the older drug not so much in percentage of biliary calculi dissolved but in dosage reduction (50%) and improved clinical and biological tolerance.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Prediction of human ovulation by rapid luteinizing hormone (LH) radioimmunoassay and ovarian ultrasonography.

Accurate prediction of the time of ovulation is essential for the recovery of a mature oocyte for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge can be considered the most reliable hormonal change closely related to ovulation. With the use of a rapid LH assay and ovarian ultrasonography, it now appears possible to predict quite accurately the time of ovulation, provided that these technologies are appropriately applied. Therefore, we have used a newly standarized rapid (3-hour) LH radioimmunoassay (RIA) for serial estimation of preovulatory serum LH surge. So far, 21 women have come to our center daily during their 5-day preovulatory period. Blood samples were taken daily every 3 to 5 hours between 7:00 A.M. and 11:00 P.M. Ovarian ultrasonic scans were performed one to three times daily depending on the day of the cycle and the serum LH level. Data show that there is a significant variation in the mean preovulatory follicular size, in the duration of the LH surge, and in the time interval between the initial rise of LH surge and the estimated time of ovulation. Results obtained from six women studied during two to four cycles indicate that each woman has a distinctive hormonal and ultrasonic pattern that appears to be reproducible. Thus it is recommended that such a pattern be appropriately evaluated before attempting laparoscopy for recovery of a mature human oocyte.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) on the healing of duodenal ulcer: a double-blind multicenter study.

A multicenter study was conducted on 173 patients with active, endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers (158 men, 15 women). They were randomly assigned, in a double-blind manner, to two groups: those receiving placebo capsules (91 patients) and those receiving capsules containing 100 microgram of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) (82 patients). Each drug was ingested four times a day (1 h before meals and at bedtime) for 28 days. Endoscopy was performed on days 0, 14, and 28 after the trial began. At each examination, the ulcer size was measured and whether the ulcer had healed was recorded. Arbaprostil increased the incidence of ulcer healing to approximately the same degree as reported in most extensive studies with cimetidine. At 14 days, three times as many patients were totally healed in the arbaprostil-treated as in the placebo-treated group (37% vs. 12%, p less than 0.001). At 28 days, 67% of patients receiving arbaprostil were healed compared with 39% in the group receiving placebo (p less than 0.001). Similarly, the ulcer size, measured endoscopically, was much smaller after arbaprostil administration than in the group receiving placebo after both 14 and 28 days (p less than 0.001). Side effects attributable to treatment consisted primarily of loose stools and diarrhea (34%). Smoking retarded healing in the placebo-treated group (p less than 0.05), but did not significantly retard healing in patients treated with arbaprostil. We conclude that arbaprostil markedly accelerates the healing rate of active duodenal ulcers. This effect may be due to inhibition of acid secretion as well as gastric cytoprotection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Nursery-acquired diseases and quality of the atmosphere ].

A comparative study of the diseases and the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of the atmosphere was performed in 4 nurseries in Paris between September 1976 and June 1977. The importance of nursery-acquired diseases was estimated in each child from the average of the days of non attendance because of illness. They were classified in 3 groups: upper and lower respiratory tract, gastro-intestinal, infection-eruption whose respective rates (80%, 10% and 10%) are not significantly different either from one nursery to another or with age. The children under 2 years of age are ill twice more frequently than the older ones (p less than 0.001). The duration of the absences for illness differs from one nursery to another (p less than 0.001). In the 2 nurseries where the thermohygrometric comfort is satisfying in 30% or more controls (temperature between 19 and 22 degrees C with hygrometry between 40 and 60% of relative humidity), the average of non attendance for ill;ness is 6.0 days; in the 2 nurseries where the comfort is satisfying in 20% of the cases or less, this average becomes 12.6 days in dry and globally contaminated atmosphere and 18.5 days in super-heated atmosphere where pathogen staphylococci predominate.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1981

Results of coronary artery surgery.

Four hundred and two patients undergoing coronary artery surgery from 1972 to 1978 inclusive have been followed up; 343 patients had coronary artery surgery without associated surgical procedures. In the over-all experience, the operative mortality rate was 5% falling to 1.5% in recent years. The seven-year survival rate was 90% compared with a 92% for an age-sex matched population. Late survival figures have improved with further surgical experience and the 30-month survival is now 98%. Seven per cent of patients sustained a perioperative infarction, but the over-all mortality rate was similar in patients with or without infarction. There has been a recurrence rate of angina of approximately 5% per annum; however, in our more recent experience, 82% of our patients were alive and free of angina two years after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Wine and tobacco: risk factors for gastric cancer in France.

Cross-sectional studies in France have shown strong regional correlations between death rates from alcohol related diseases and death rates from gastric cancer. The present study involved 40 cases of newly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the stomach and 168 control subjects with one of four other gastrointestinal diagnoses selected from the same hospital service during the same time period, 1978-1980. On the basis of a standard nutritional interview alcohol and particularly red wine were seen to be significant risk factors for this cancer (relative risks of 6.9 with 95% confidence limits (CL) of 3.3-14.3 for alcohol and 6.3 with CL 3.1-12.7 for wine). Smoking of one or more cigarettes per day was associated with a relative risk for gastric cancer of 4.8 with CL of 1.6-14.8. The presence of both risk factors was associated with a relative risk of 9.3 with 95% CL of 4.6-19.0. Possible confounding by age, smoking, and eating lettuce (a reported protective factor for gastric cancer in other studies) did not explain these results. The relative risks were consistently found and remained significant when each diagnostic group of control subjects was analyzed separately. These results suggest that alcohol, and particularly red wine, may be important risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the stomach in France. In addition, cigarette smoking, a risk factor in itself, when coupled with alcohol appears markedly to increase the risk.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Renal pathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

We studied 76 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had autopsies performed at the University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Administration Medical Center. The most common pathological finding in the kidney was interstitial fibrosis (46%) and internal proliferation of the arterioles in the absence of hypertension (54% of the cases). Renal amyloidosis was only found in 7% of the patients. Azotemia (creatinine above 2 mg/dl) was found in 9% of the patients but was not clinically significant. In addition uremia was not a frequent cause of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Cimetidine treatment of anastomotic ulcers (author's transl)].

Fifteen patients with anastomotic ulcer were treated with cimetidine for 30 days. Endoscopy showed healing or marked regression of the ulcer in 53% of the cases. Neither the type of operation previously performed nor the amount of gastric secretion prior to entering the trial gave any indication as to which patients would respond to treatment. Other authors using the same therapeutic regimen have obtained similar results, but some have reported that extending treatment up to 8 weeks seems to produce considerably better results. The present authors conclude that cimetidine may constitute a suitable alternative to a second surgical operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Involvement of the digestive tract in Cowden's disease.

A 28-year-old white man had Cowden's disease and multiple gastrointestinal polyps. Of the 56 cases of Cowden's disease which have been reported so far, esophageal and gastrointestinal involvement have been observed in only 18 patients. Endoscopic, radiologic, and histopathologic features of these lesions were confirmed in the present patients.

Adult↗