Citrus juice characterization. Identification and estimation of the major phospholipids.
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Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
Biomedical subjects
R L Price
Publications and source records attributed to R L Price.
Altered expression of tropomodulin in cardiomyocytes disrupts the sarcomeric structure of myofibrils.
Tropomodulin is a tropomyosin-binding protein that terminates "pointed-end" actin filament polymerization. To test the hypothesis that regulation of tropomodulin:actin filament stoichiometry is critical for maintenance of actin filament length, tropomodulin levels were altered in cells by infection with recombinant adenoviral expression vectors, which produce either sense or antisense tropomodulin mRNA. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were infected, and sarcomeric actin filament organization was examined. Confocal microscopy indicated that overexpression of tropomodulin protein shortened actin filaments and caused myofibril degeneration. In contrast, decreased tropomodulin content resulted in the formation of abnormally long actin filament bundles. Despite changes in myofibril structure caused by altered tropomodulin expression, total protein turnover of the cardiomyocytes was unaffected. Biochemical analyses of infected cardiomyocytes indicated that changes in actin distribution, rather than altered actin content, accounted for myofibril reorganization. Ultrastructural analysis showed thin-filament disarray and revealed the presence of leptomeres after tropomodulin overexpression. Tropomodulin-mediated effects constitute a novel mechanism to control actin filaments, and our findings demonstrate that regulated tropomodulin expression is necessary to maintain stabilized actin filament structures in cardiac muscle cells.
Actins↗
Cerebral gigantism (Sotos' syndrome) and cataracts.
A five-year-old girl with cerebral gigantism (Sotos' syndrome) and cataracts is described. Sotos' syndrome, characterized by generalized gigantism with normal endocrine studies has rarely been reported with ocular abnormalities and never with cataracts. It is important to study any child with cataracts for systemic disease.
Age Determination by Skeleton↗
Motion aftereffect transfer in the monofixation syndrome.
If one adapts to a moving repetitive stimulus of stripes that is suddenly stopped, the stripes will appear to move backward. This apparent backward motion is the motion aftereffect (MAE), and its duration is a measure of its magnitude. If one eye adapts to the moving stimulus and the other eye experiences the aftereffect to the stationary stimulus, the aftereffect has been transferred from one eye to the other and is termed the interocular transfer of the MAE. Experimental evidence indicates that the degree of MAE transfer correlates with clinical binocularity. This study compares the MAE transfer in six subjects with the monofixation syndrome to five normal subjects. The stimuli used are sinusoidal stripes generated on two cathode-ray tubes, subtending either 8 degrees or 2 degrees of visual angle with a periodicity of either 0.5 or 3 cycles/degree presented haploscopically. Subjects with the monofixation syndrome differed significantly from normal subjects in the amount of MAE transferred, implying a lack of central neuronal connections in addition to those mediating conscious central fusion in clinical sensory testing.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Congenital unilateral orbital fibrosis with suspected prenatal orbital penetration.
Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles includes various abnormalities ranging from isolated fibrosis of a single muscle to bilateral involvement of all extraocular muscles. Congenital unilateral orbital fibrosis is a specific fibrosis syndrome with only five cases previously reported. Although these reports postulated that a prenatal orbital inflammatory process caused the fibrosis, no etiology was proposed, nor was a mechanism suggested for entrance of the inflammation into the orbit. We discuss three additional cases in which evidence suggested prenatal orbital penetration. In one, a dense scar was found at birth from the skin of the upper lid to beyond the trochlea. The second had a dense fibrous tract extending from the upper lid skin to the trochlea and beyond into the orbit without a skin scar. These lesions could have been inflicted by the fetuses' own fingers or toes or, in the second case, by the twin fetus. The third had a benign mesenchymoma of the nasopharynx and skull that had eroded the medial orbital wall, which was seen on computed tomography scan but not on routine x-rays. The nature of the inflammatory substance is unknown. There was no other evidence of inflammation or infection in the eight reported cases. Possibly amniotic fluid itself, entering the orbit "late" in gestation, might cause this inflammation. We recommend that all children with congenital unilateral orbital fibrosis be examined specifically for defects in the orbit, and that computed tomography be employed rather than plain x-rays.
Cicatrix↗
Ocular implications of long-term prednisone therapy in children.
We compared 23 patients (ages 4 to 18 years) who were receiving long-term oral prednisone therapy with 31 normal controls (ages 7 to 16 years). Indications for corticosteroid treatment included renal transplant in 11 patients, nephrotic syndrome in 7, glomerulonephritis in 4, and vasculitis without renal disease in 1. The mean duration of prednisone therapy was 5.0 +/- 3.5 years, and the mean dose at the time of examination was 0.29 +/- 0.18 mg/kg/day. Mean intraocular pressure was 16.0 +/- 3.0 mm Hg (range, 12 to 25 mm Hg) in the prednisone group and 15.4 +/- 2.1 mm Hg (range, 12 to 20 mm Hg) in the control group. The difference between the means was 0.6 mm Hg (P = 0.35). Posterior subcapsular cataracts were present in seven (30%) of the prednisone patients, but in none of the controls (P = .001). None of the cataracts were visually significant. We found no evidence that pediatric patients on long-term, low-dose prednisone have higher intraocular pressures (IOPs) than normal children, although they are more likely to develop posterior subcapsular cataracts.
Adolescent↗
The return map: tracking product teams.
With a new product, time is now more valuable than money. The costs of conceiving and designing a product are less important to its ultimate success than timeliness to market. One of the most important ways to speed up product development is through interfunctional teamwork. The "Return Map," developed at Hewlett-Packard, provides a way for people from different functions to triangulate on the product development process as a whole. It graphically represents the contributions of all team members to the moment when a project breaks even. It forces the team to estimate and re-estimate the time it will take to perform critical tasks, so that products can get out fast. It subjects the team to the only discipline that works, namely, self-discipline. The map is, in effect, a graph representing time and money, where the time line is divided into three phases: investigation, development, and manufacturing and sales. Meanwhile, costs are plotted against time--as are revenues when they are realized after manufacturing release. Within these points of reference, four novel metrics emerge: Break-Even-Time, Time-to-Market, Break-Even-After-Release, and the Return Factor. All metrics are estimated at the beginning of a project to determine its feasibility, then they are tracked carefully while the project evolves to determine its success. Missed forecasts are inevitable, but managers who punish employees for missing their marks will only encourage them to estimate conservatively, thus building slack into a system meant to eliminate slack. Estimates are a team responsibility, and deviations provide valuable information that spurs continuous investigation and improvement.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
Review of the decontamination of aflatoxins by ammoniation: current status and regulation.
Ammoniation of corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and meals to alter the toxic and carcinogenic effects of aflatoxin contamination has been the subject of intense research effort by scientists in various government agencies and universities, both in the United States and abroad. Results of these studies have been well documented over the last 20 years. Engineers have devised workable systems of treatment of whole seeds, kernels, or meals; chemists have identified and characterized products formed from the reaction of aflatoxin B1 with ammonia with and without a meal matrix; biochemists have studied the biological effects of these compounds in model systems; and nutritionists have studied animal responses to rations containing ammoniated or non-ammoniated components. This review describes these studies. Results demonstrate overwhelming support for the efficacy and safety of ammoniation as a practical solution to aflatoxin detoxification in animal feeds.
Aflatoxins↗
Interactive effects of duration of storage and addition of formaldehyde on levels of aflatoxin M1 in milk.
Spray-dried skim milk, naturally contaminated with aflatoxin M1, was added to either raw or pasteurized whole milk to a final concentration of 1.1 microgram aflatoxin M1/L milk. Formalin (37% w/w) was added to the milk solutions to final concentrations of 0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% formaldehyde. Samples were stored in the dark at 21 degrees C in plastic and glass containers and were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. This experiment was repeated using only raw milk and glass containers. Aflatoxin M1 analyses were done at 0, 1, and 2 weeks. Aflatoxin M1 losses increased over time and with increased formaldehyde concentration. With both experiments, aflatoxin M1, levels after 2 weeks were less than 0.05 micrograms/L in samples containing 0.1% formaldehyde.
Aflatoxin M1↗
Formation of a hard-core project.
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Humans↗
Mixed cellular population in primary and metastatic periampullary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum: report of a case.
There are numerous reports on the mixed cellular population of primary tumors, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. However, reports of mixed cellular population in metastatic foci are rare. This is a report of a case of periampullary papillary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum with 4 types of cellular population. Metastases to the regional lymph nodes also contained 4 different cell types. The histogenesis of the mixed cellular population in the primary tumor and theories proposed to explain the pathophysiologic mechanisms of mixed cellular population in the metastatic foci are discussed.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗