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Biomedical subjects

R L Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R L Anderson.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Medial canthal tendon branches out.

A previously undescribed, superior supporting branch of the medial canthal tendon has been found by careful cadaver dissection. This branch unites the common tendon to the frontal bone; thus, it provides a superior support to the medial canthus. The posterior portion of the medial canthal tendon is a thin and weak structure, as compared with its anterior companion. It inserts on the posterior lacrimal crest. While most surgeons contend that the posterior limb of the medial canthal tendon maintains the position of the medial canthus after either accidental or surgical disinsertion of the anterior tendon, it is likely that this superior supporting branch maintains the canthal position in these clinical conditions.

Eyelids↗
PubMed1977

Practical aspects of prescribing drugs for ambulatory patients.

One of the largest areas of concern in ambulatory medicine is the treatment of patients with drugs. This is of importance in short-term, acute processes and is especially vital in treating long-term, chronic problems. There are three primary areas of concern in treating ambulatory patients: dosage forms, compliance to the prescribed regimen, and the multiplicity of drugs. This paper discusses the proper use of the various dosage forms available: liquid, tablets, suppositories, and ointments. The physician should be knowledgeable about the drugs he uses and should take a rational approach to the selection and prescription of drugs in everyday practice.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1976

A nursery outbreak caused by Serratia marcescens--scalp-vein needles as a portal of entry.

Serratia marcescens rarely causes infections in newborn infants. We recently studied an epidemic caused by a multiply-resistant, serotype 014:H12 Serratia marcescens that involved 42 infants. Cutaneous abscesses at previous intravenous infusion sites occurred nine times, usually required surgical drainage, and were the most striking infections during the outbreak. Six infants developed Serratia bacteremia and two died with Serratia meningitis; 34 patients were colonized with Serratia but remained uninfected. An epidemiologic investigation of the 83 infants at risk in the nursery assessed factors predisposing them to colonization or infection with the epidemic organism. Colonization of the throat, umbilicus, gastrointestinal tract, or skin was frequent among infants as was carriage of Serratia on nursey employees' hands. Infected and colonized infants were the most important reservoir for Serratia in the nursery and cross-infection between infants readily occurred. Scalp-vein needles appeared to provide a portal of entry of Serratia in colonized infants, predisposing them to abscess formation and bacteremia.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1976

The effect of oral and topical tetracycline on acne severity and on surface lipid composition.

Groups of 20 males of high-school age with moderate acne were treated with oral tetracycline (500 mg/day), topical tetracycline (0.5% solution applied twice daily), or placebo for 8 weeks. The two panels treated with tetracycline showed a significant and equivalent reduction in acne severity as assessed by visual grading. The surface lipids in the panel treated with oral tetracycline showed a small but not statistically significant decrease in free fatty acid content, but the subjects receiving topical tetracycline showed no reduction in free fatty acids. Further, neither treatment was associated with a change in mass of surface lipid nor did the mass or weight percent of any component of the surface lipids change with the decrease in acne severity. These results show that acne severity can be reduced with tetracycline (both oral and topical) without any concomitant quantitative change in surface lipids.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1976

Pressure transducers as a source of bacteremia after open heart surgery. Report of an outbreak and guidelines for prevention.

During four weeks in 1974, eight (26 percent) of 31 intensive care unit patients who had undergone open-heart surgery developed symptomatic Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia in the intensive care unit one to three days after the open-heart surgery. An investigation demonstrated that operating room pressure transducers were being contaminated during cleaning with a detergent that contained P cepacia at the rate of 10(4) organisms per milliliter and that the organisms were transmitted to patients after open-heart surgery as a result of one to three days of contact with transducer-monitoring lines used in the operating room and brought to the intensive care unit with the patient. Pressure-transducer contamination, a frequently unappreciated but preventable cause of nosocomial bacteremia, can be minimized by sterilizing transducers between use on different patients by paying strict attention to aseptic technique when setting up, calibrating, and using monitoring systems; and by changing transducers, tubing, and monitoring fluid for each monitored patient at regular intervals.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1976

Self-curing methyl methacrylate: Is it safe?

Self-curing methyl methacrylate has been recently abandoned by some ophthalmic surgeons because of more than 20 deaths associated with its use in orthopedic surgery. The mechanism of cardiovascular collapse noted in orthopedic cases appears to relate to the surgical procedure as well as a direct vasodilation caused by free monomer. There are no reported cardiovascular complications with the facial uses of self-curing methyl methacrylate. Toxicities to this substance are noted. Ophthalmologists should be aware of these problems and their management. Careful preoperative cardiovascular evaluation, intraoperative patient monitoring, and a well-ventilated operating room are recommended with its use. The review finds no evidence to condemn the ophthalmic uses of self-curing methyl methacrylate because of cardiovascular complications. The search for more inert synthetic compounds should continue.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Mouse T-cell tumour immunoglobulin. I. Antigenic properties and effects on T-cell responses.

The mouse T-cell tumours E1-4 and WEHI-22 produce an immunoglobulin (TCT Ig) which suppresses the antibody response to T- dependent antigens in vitro while having no effect on responses to T-independent antigens. TCT Ig also augments IgG responses to both kinds of antigen. TCT Ig appears to be a new class of mouse Ig because its effects on in vitro antibody responses can be absorbed by antisera to mouse Kappa chains but not with antisera to any of the known classes of mouse Ig. Furthermore, TCT Ig activity cannot be duplicated by free light chains, Fab2 fragments, several mouse serum Ig preparations of Ig made from B cells. TCT Ig affects only T-cell function in antibody responses. It has no effect on the ability of the different subclasses of T cells to respond to mitogens or to alloantigens. Furthermore, it does not block T-T cell co-operation suggesting that the molecular basis for T-T co-operation differs from that of T-B co-operation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Factitious meningitis. Diagnostic error due to nonviable bacteria in commercial lumbar puncture trays.

A cluster of five false-positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stains led to an investigation of possible causes of specimen or smear contamination. Specimen tubes supplied in commercial lumbar puncture trays from the lot being used in the involved hospital were shown to contain nonviable bacteria, When filled with a test solution and processed in a manner similar to that used for processing CSF specimens, 10 of 12 tubes evaluated yielded Gram stains containing either Gram-negative rods, diplococci, or coccobacilli. Before this problem was recognized, the patient from whom the first false-positive smear was obtained was treated for bacterial meningitis. It is important to realize that microbial contamination of commercial CSF specimen tubes can result in findings simulating those of early bacterial meningitis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Early detection of false-positive acid-fast smears. An epidemiological approach.

An unusual series of positive acid-fast smears, including positive stains of a commercial saline solution, has been studied. Short of waiting 2--6 weeks for culture results, a laboratory investigation of these findings appeared hopeless: repeat staining failed to confirm the origin smear results, and a review of laboratory techniques and supplies failed to pinpoint any source of specimen or smear contamination. An alternative epidemiological approach was adopted. A review of the laboratory records indicated that, during the time the unusual series occurred, there had been a distinct change in the distribution of positive smears by type of specimen submitted and by ward of origin. The change in distribution indicated that the unusual series was probably part of a larger episode of false-positive acid-fast smears caused by random specimen or smear contamination in the hospital laboratory. Culture results eventually confirmed this and showed that the period of random laboratory contamination had ended just before the present investigation (thus explaining the failure of the initial approach). This experience suggests that ongoing analysis of specimen and ward distribution of positive acid-fast smear results will enable hospitals to detect episodes of false-positive smears earlier, thus reducing erroneous diagnoses and permitting prompt evaluation of sources of specimen and smear contamination.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Indwelling arterial catheters as a source of nosocomial bacteremia. An outbreak caused by Flavobacterium Species.

Between mid-May and mid-October, 1973, 49 blood cultures from 14 patients in an intensive care unit were positive for flavobacterium species, Group II-b. We conducted an investigation to determine how patients were being infected with this unusual organism. Comparison of the 14 infected patients with 37 controls associated indwelling arterial catheters with subsequent flavobacterium bacteremia (p = 0.005). Risk of infection was greatest during the period in which blood gas determinations were done most frequently (the first three days of catheterization) and in which infected patients had more blood gas determinations than control patients with arterial catheters (p less than 0.05). Flavobacterium species was cultured from in-use arterial catheters, from stopcocks, and from ice in the intensive-care unit's ice machine; the catheters were probably contaminated by syringes that were cooled in ice before being used to obtain arterial specimens for blood gas determination. This outbreak calls attention to arterial monitoring systems as a potential source of nosocomial infection.

Arteries↗
PubMed1975

Beta-glucoside kinase.

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Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose↗