Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Kudo.
A case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the vagina is described and discussed. The tumor recurred and the patient died 8.5 years after the diagnosis and primary treatment. This is the longest survival time reported in the literature for a primary vaginal leiomyosarcoma.
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In order to examine the cellular properties of each cultured cell derived from normal and abnormal epitheliums of the cervix, we measured the nuclear DNA content and chromosomal counts of these cultured cells. The following results were obtained. The nuclear DNA content of cultured cells derived from normal, mild, moderate, severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (cis) and invasive carcinoma was distributed among low 2c-high 4c, low 2c-6c, low 2c-7c, low 2c-10c, low 2c-11c and low 2c-13c respectively. A number of the cells exceeding 4c apparently increased from lesions of moderate dysplasia. In the chromosomal counts, approximately 90% of the primary and subcultured normal cells showed diploid cells and 3-6% of these cells showed tetraploidy. The chromosomal counts of the invasive carcinoma were widely distributed, but the number with diploid to hypotriploid was larger than those of cis. From these results, mild dysplasia cannot be considered to be a precancerous lesion. Cis and invasive carcinoma have different cellular patterns.
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Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor concentrations in the endometrium were determined in 13 Finnish and 20 Japanese women. All the women were premenopausal and aged between 40 and 50. The concentration of estrogen receptors in the proliferative endometrium for Finnish women was 246.9 +/- 46.2 fmol/mg protein (mean +/- S.E.M.) and that for Japanese women 45.7 +/- 17.1 fmol/mg protein. The difference is significant (P less than 0.01). In the secretory endometrium the corresponding figures were 97.8 +/- 33.7 fmol/mg protein for Finnish and 20.0 +/- 6.4 fmol/mg protein for Japanese women (P less than 0.05). During the proliferative phase the serum estrone concentration was significantly higher in Finnish than in Japanese women (P less than 0.05).
Thirty-five patients with stage Ia epidermoid microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix were treated surgically by vaginal semiradical hysterectomy. The primary features of this new surgical procedure are the removal of an approximately 1-cm portion of vaginal cuff, partial resection of the vesico-uterine ligament for isolation of the ureter, and resection of approximately 2 cm of parametrial tissue. The extent of resection is almost the same as that of the abdominal modified radical hysterectomy. Operation time and blood loss were almost the same as those for simple hysterectomy. No postoperative complications were observed. From these results it is concluded that the method is an adequate, safe, and low-risk operative therapy for patients with microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix.
Primary explant tissue cultured cells and their subcultured cells were studied morphologically as basic research into the neoplastic process in the uterine cervix, or into the cellular difference between carcinoma in situ (cis) and invasive carcinoma. We cultured cells derived from normal squamous epithelium, dysplasia, cis and invasive carcinoma, and these cultured cells were observed by light and electron microscopy. The following results were obtained: A cultured medium with D-valine substituted for L-valine was used, and it was found that the medium clearly inhibited the outgrowth of fibroblasts, but did not inhibit the outgrowth of the epithelial cells. The cultured cells from the normal, dysplasia and cis could be passaged three times. These cultured cells derived from the normal and each abnormal epithelium had different growth patterns. In addition, the morphological features of these cultured cells resembled those of each in vivo. There was no difference in the findings for the subcultured cells.
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Morphological investigation were made on the radiosensitivity, according to the histological types; keratinizing(K), large cell nonkeratinizing(LNK), and small cell nonkeratinizing(S) type. The results obtained are as follows. Histological and cytological estimation of irradiated effects were examined at the 7th day after 10 Gray test-irradiation: (i) Histological studies were done with the biopsy specimens (76 cases): There were significant differences among 3 histological types (LNK greater than K greater than S, P less than 0.05). (ii) Cytological studies were done as well as histological ones (48 cases): There was a significance between two groups (LNK greater than S, K greater than S, P less than 0.05). (iii) There was a correlation between the histological and cytological irradiation effects. DNA histogram patterns were also examined spectrophotometrically. It seemed that the patterns after test-irradiation was broad and these peaks were situated rather to high ploidy in histologically and cytologically highly effective cases. Early ultrastructural findings after test-irradiation were as follows: (i) appearance of intra-nuclear "pseudoinclusion", (ii) swelling of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and so on. Although these characteristics presented the same sequence of events without regard to their histological types, they were not synchronized. It seemed that they appeared earlier after test-irradiation in histologically high-sensitivity cases than in low-sensitivity cases.
This report describes the characteristic features of the exfoliated cells according to histological types, such as the type of early cervical adenocarcinoma for the diagnosis of cervical carcinoma of adenoid type (hereinafter called cervical adenocarcinoma). Further, the characteristics of cervical adenocarcinoma and its histogenesis were studied in an ultrastructural approach and we obtained the following results. 1) The exfoliated cells of adenocarcinoma in situ (hereinafter called AIS) show the characteristic features that assist the early detection of cancer. 2) The histological types for diagnostic use in characterizing the exfoliated cells are clear cell adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. Further, the histological structure of both well differentiated and poorly differentiated endocervical types can be deduced from the cytologic features. 3) Since the transitional cells of both squamous and columnar types and also the intestinal epithelial metaplastic cells were ultrastructurally observed in adenosquamous carcinoma and adenoacanthoma, the reserve cells are considered to act as an original cell and eventually participate in the histogenesis of these types of carcinomas. 4) The cells of both secretory granules and tonofibrils were detected in the AIS foci. This finding indicates the involvement of the subcolumnar basal cells which can eventually be differentiated into the secretory or ciliated cells of the columnar epithelium of the endocervical canal during the histogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma of the endocervical type.
In order to study the appropriate interval for cervical cancer screening, we investigated mainly the screening history of 1,086 cervical squamous cancer cases detected by mass screening. 1) The cancer detection rate (CDR) for the 2-year successively screened group who were class I in the first screening was 0.051% and all cases were carcinoma in situ (CIS). In the 2-year interval screened group, detection rates for CIS, microinvasive cancer and stage 1b cancer were 0.053%, 0.035% and 0.018%. But there is no significant difference in CDR between the 2-year successively screened group and 2-year interval screened group (p less than 0.05). 2) In the 2-year successively screened group who were class II in the first screening, the CIS and microinvasive cancer detection rates were 0.044% and 0.022%. There is no significant difference in CDR between class I group and class II group. In the group who were class I in the first screening, we detected most cases in the stage 0 and a few cases in the stage Ia and Ib by mass screening at 2-year intervals. If the detection of a few cases in stage Ib is permitted, we can enforce mass screening for cervical squamous cancer at 2-year interval and it is considered that class II group can be screened at same interval as class I group.
In the present study, we investigated the possibility of primary cultured tumor cells to be used for tumor models of cancer research. Biopsies were obtained from 46 patients with a diagnosis of uterine cancer, 15 specimens were obtained from normal epithelium to serve as controls. All of the cultured cells were left for 7 days-21 days and observed under light or electron microscopes. Lag periods and capacity of development in benign and malignant cultures were similar. In cultures of malignant cells, overlapping of the cell borders were observed at various areas. Enlargements of the nucleus, the cytoplasm and the nucleolus were proved in comparing malignant cells in culture with there in vivo counterparts. In most cultures of well differentiated types of tumor, ultrastructural or cellular evidence of differentiation were retained. Tonofibrils were more numerous in the keratinizing type of squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Glandular structures were observed in well differentiated adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. No correlation was present between the growth pattern and histological types of cervical squamous carcinoma. Lack of cell cohesion was present in cultured adenocarcinoma cells.
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Growth pattern and cellular properties of primary cultured cells of normal human cervical epithelium were studied by light-and electron microscopy and investigated histochemically. The results are as follows. 1) Original squamous epithelium area: The outgrowth of squamous cells was seen in a pavement like pattern. The size of cytoplasm and nucleus was larger than in vivo cells. The surface of the cells having large N/C ratio was covered by short microvilli, and the cells having small N/C ratio was covered by microridges. In the findings of transmission electron microscopy, irregularly arranged desmosomes and abundant tonofibrils were observed but glycogen particles were almost absent. 2) Endocervical epithelium area: The outgrowth of endocervical cells was seen in a wave and whirl pattern. The cultured cells were slightly stained with PAS, mucicarmine and alkaline phosphatase staining. The surface of these cells was covered by granular microvilli and a few cells had cilia. A tight junction was observed between these cells and a small number of secretory granule like structures were also found. Among these cells, polygonal cells were found. The cells were stained with alkaline phosphatase, and covered by granular microvilli and microridges. The cells sometimes had small amounts of tonofibrils and a small number of secretory granule like structures in the same cells. From these findings polygonal cells were thought to be metaplastic cells. Generally, cultured cells remained the morphologic property of their original cells, but functionally decreased in the production of glycogen in cultured squamous cells, and secretion of mucin in cultured endocervical cells.
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