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Biomedical subjects

R Kessler

Publications and source records attributed to R Kessler.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical correlates of decreased anteroposterior metabolic gradients in positron emission tomography (PET) of schizophrenic patients.

The finding in schizophrenic patients of a reversal of the normal frontal to posterior pattern of brain metabolic activity with positron emission tomography (PET) is of interest, but its relevance to psychopathology is unknown. Using PET, the authors studied 21 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 21 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Although eight of the 21 patients and only one of the control subjects showed a relatively lower anteroposterior metabolic gradient, no clinical correlates of this finding were noted. In addition, cerebral atrophy, as determined by CAT scan, was not associated with this aberrant metabolic pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The Genain Quadruplets: electrophysiological, positron emission, and X-ray tomographic studies.

Four 51-year-old monozygotic quadruplets concordant for schizophrenia, originally studied at the National Institute of Mental Health 25 years ago, were restudied with topographic electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials (EPs), computed tomography (CT scans), polysomnographic sleep recordings, and positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2-deoxyglucose. EEG and EP findings were consistent with those from other groups of patients with schizophrenia and showed great similarity within the quadruplets. CT scans revealed uniformly small lateral ventricles. PET scans replicated earlier findings of relatively low glucose use in the frontal lobes but did not show strong familial concordance.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

Hydrocele following internal spermatic vein ligation: a retrospective study and review of the literature.

We reviewed 82 consecutive infertile men with varicoceles and 1 teenage boy with a painful varicocele, all of whom underwent a total of 111 internal spermatic vein ligations (55 unilateral and 28 bilateral) by the suprainguinal approach (Palomo method). Of these patients 3 who underwent unilateral and 3 bilateral internal spermatic vein ligations subsequently suffered a total of 8 hydroceles after an average postoperative interval of 18.2 months. The protein concentration of the hydrocele fluid in the 2 most recent patients was consistent with lymphatic obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Correlational methods for determining regional coupling of cerebral glucose metabolism: a pilot study.

The current study presents an alternate method of analyzing PET data by means of a correlational approach. Correlational or coupling patterns of regional cerebral glucose metabolism were found for normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia under electric shock stimulation. At two levels (91 mm and 78 mm) significant differences were found between the coupling patterns of normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia. For the normals, the obtained correlational maps were consistent with the sensory input. However, such patterns were not found for the patients with schizophrenia. Therefore it is suggested that the outlined analysis procedure may complement the standard approach of comparing the mean metabolic rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cerebral metabolic consequences of electrical cutaneous stimulation in normal individuals.

Local cerebral uptake of deoxyglucose labeled with fluorine (FDG) was measured by positron emission tomography in 21 normal adult controls. Seven subjects received FDG while resting in a dark room and fourteen while receiving unpleasant electrical stimulation of their right forearm in a dark room. All subjects showed greater glucose use in the anterior than in the posterior cerebral cortex. Electrical stimulation of the right forearm was associated with greater left than right glucose use in the region of the postcentral, but not precentral gyrus. The antero-posterior gradient in glucose use was increased at the level of the inferior frontal gyrus by the electrical stimulation. The data are consistent with the hyperfrontal pattern reported for regional cerebral blood flow and suggest that glucose use gradients across large brain areas are sensitive to sensory stimulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cerebral glucography with positron tomography. Use in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia.

Local cerebral uptake of deoxyglucose labeled with fluorine 18 was measured by positron-emission tomography in eight patients with schizophrenia who were not receiving medication and in six age-matched normal volunteers. Subjects sat in an acoustically treated, darkened room with eyes closed after injection of 3 to 5 mCi of deoxyglucose 18F. After uptake, seven to eight horizontal brain scans parallel to the canthomeatal line were done. Scans were treated digitally, with a 2.3-cm strip peeled off each slice and ratios to whole-slice activity computed. Patients with schizophrenia showed lower ratios in the frontal cortex, indicating relatively lower glucose use than normal control subjects; this was consistent with previously reported studies of regional cerebral blood flow. Patients also showed diminished ratios for a 2.3-cm square that was positioned over central gray-matter areas on the left but not on the right side. These findings are preliminary; issues of control of mental activity, brain structure identification, and biologic and anatomic heterogeneity of schizophrenia remain to be explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[SKF 93479, a newly developed histamine H2-receptor antagonist. / Effect on gastric potential difference in the presence and absence of acetylsalicylic acid].

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) alters the gastric mucosal barrier as measured by the transmucosal potential difference (PD). The effect of the newly developed histamine H2-receptor antagonist 2-(2-(5-dimethylaminoethylfuran-2-ylmethylthio)ethylamino)-5-(6-methylpyrid-3-ylmethyl)pyrimid-4-one trihydrochloride (SKF 93479) on the ASA-induced drop in gastric PD was studied in 6 healthy volunteers. Mean basal PD was -38.5 to -39.5 mV. After 1000 mg of ASA PD decreased in 10-15 min to -25 mV. In subjects pretreated orally with 0.5 mg/kg SKF 93479, PD rose during 30-45 min to -53.5 mV. After ASA PD fell to -38.5 mV, but did not fall below normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2, human gastric potential difference and ethanol (author's transl)].

Experiments were performed in 8 healthy volunteers to determine the effect of graded doses of oral 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandine (PG) E2 on the ethanol-induced drop in gastric potential difference (PD). All doses of 16,16-dimethyl PG E2 between 1.0 and 20 micrograms did not prevent the initial fall in gastric PD induced by 48% ethanol. However, baseline PD-values recovered faster in the presence of 16,16-dimethyl PG E2. This effect was shown to be dose-dependent.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1981

Macroscopic vasovasostomy.

Ninety-six males underwent vasovasostomy from 1976-1978. Seventy-six of 83 patients who returned for a semen analysis demonstrated sperm in the ejaculate for a 92% surgical patency rate. Thirty-two of 71 eligible patients initiated a pregnancy for a functional success rate of 45%. A statistically significant correlation was found between postoperative motility and pregnancy rate but none between sperm count and pregnancy rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Surgical experience with the inflatable penile prosthesis.

More than 100 inflatable penile prostheses have been implanted at our medical center since 1974. The 50 patients who are at least 1 year postoperative are the basis of this report. Complications occurred in 10 patients (20 per cent) and 8 were repaired successfully. Of the 50 patients 48 presently have a normally functioning prosthesis and satisfactory intercourse.

Erectile Dysfunction↗