Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Child↗
Biomedical subjects
R Kapoor
Publications and source records attributed to R Kapoor.
Iron bioavailability from Spirulina platensis, whole egg and whole wheat.
Bioavailability of iron from Spirulina was assessed in comparison with whole egg, whole wheat and standard ferrous sulphate using haemoglobin depletion repletion assay. Haemoglobin regeneration efficiency of Spirulina and whole egg was similar and significantly higher than that of whole wheat. The absorption of iron from Spirulina was significantly lower than that of ferrous sulphate and whole egg but significantly greater than that from whole wheat.
Absorption↗
Methionine in protection of hemorrhagic shock: role of oxygen free radicals and hypochlorous acid.
Various mechanisms may exist for activation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes during hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion. During activation of PMN leukocytes, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced in addition to oxygen free radicals. We studied the effects of hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion on cardiac function and contractility, oxygen free radical producing activity of PMN leukocytes (PMN chemiluminescence), and serum and cardiac tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, with and without methionine (quencher of hypochlorous acid) in anesthetized dogs, in order to assess the role of hypochlorous acid in depression of cardiac function and contractility in hemorrhagic shock. The dogs were divided into two groups: group I, hemorrhagic shock (2 hr) followed by reinfusion (2 hr); and group II, hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion similar to group I but methionine (30 mg/kg i.v.) was administered before bleeding, before reinfusion, and after 1 hr of reinfusion in this group. Mean arterial pressure (mAo), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), index of myocardial contractility (dp/dtmax), and cardiac function (stroke volume index [SVI], left-ventricular work index [LVWI]) decreased significantly during shock and the decreases were similar in both groups. The indices of myocardial contractility which are independent of pre- and/or afterload ([dp/dt]/IIP and [dp/dt]/IIP/CPIP) were affected to a lesser degree than the other indices of myocardial contractility (dp/dtmax) during shock and reinfusion. However, the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly in both groups. Postinfusion recovery of cardiac function and contractility in group II was greater than in group I. Cardiac function and contractility after reinfusion returned to preshock levels initially followed by a decrease below the preshock values in group I. However, these parameters remained at or above preshock levels after reinfusion in group II. Cardiac tissue MDA levels were higher in group I, as compared to those in control dogs. The tissue levels of MDA in group II were lower than in group I but similar to those of control. The serum MDA did not change significantly during shock and reinfusion in either group. Although there were increases in the serum MDA after reinfusion in group I, they were not significant. While the chemiluminescent activity of PMN leukocyte increased significantly in group I, this activity decreased significantly in group II during shock and reinfusion. Methionine in in vitro studies did not affect the oxygen free radical producing activity of PMN leukocyte. These results suggest that hypochlorous acid is produced during shock and reinfusion. The decrease in the cardiac function and contractility after reinfusion may be due to hypochlorous acid.
Animals↗
Tubeless, drainless, short-stay cholecystectomy.
Of 340 patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy for gallstone disease, 41 (12%) required an abdominal drain and 22 (65%) required a nasogastric tube postoperatively to control vomiting. Eighty six percent patients were discharged on the third post-operative day; 53% were satisfied with the early discharge. In our opinion, routine use of nasogastric tube and abdominal drain is not necessary and patients can be safely discharged on the third postoperative day after an uncomplicated cholecystectomy.
Adolescent↗
Transition probability of the 358.48-nm transition in neutral uranium from the line-absorption method.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Journal Article↗
Myoclonic epilepsy in an HIV positive patient: neurophysiological findings.
An HIV-positive patient is described who presented with action myoclonus. Unusually, focal sinusoidal EEG burst complexes with a frequency of 40 and 55 Hz could be recorded over the sensorimotor cortex. Activity having a similar frequency was evoked in this area by posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the affected leg, and jerk-locked averaging showed that myoclonic jerks were preceded by similar cortical sinusoidal waves.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Activation of mu opioid receptors in the pre-optic-anterior hypothalamus releases prolactin in the conscious male rat.
Microinjection of opioid agonists into the pre-optic-anterior hypothalamus (PO/AHA) was used to determine the identity of the opioid receptor subtype(s) involved in the stimulation of prolactin release. The mu agonist DAGO [(D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-o15)-enkephalin] was the only opioid agonist to show dose-dependent release of prolactin, the lowest significant dose being 0.001 nmoles. Neither the specific delta agonist DPDPE [(D-Pen2, D-Pen5)-enkephalin] nor the specific kappa agonist U50,488H [(trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrodinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benz ene acetamide] showed dose-dependent increase of prolactin secretion, or indeed any significant increase in prolactin secretion in the dose range 0.01-1 nmoles and 0.01-10 nmoles respectively. We suggest that mu (and not kappa or delta) opioid receptors in the PO/AHA are involved in the opioid stimulated release of prolactin in the conscious male rat.
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
Identification and electrophysiology of isolated pars compacta neurons from guinea-pig substantia nigra.
Single neurons from the substantia nigra of the adult guinea-pig were dissociated. Two morphological types of neurons were identified: (i) large multipolar neurons (20-40 microns greatest diameter) and (ii) small fusiform neurons (less than 20 microns diameter). Neurons of both types showed catecholamine fluorescence and were retrogradely labelled by rhodamine-conjugated microspheres injected into the striatum. Two types of neuron (Type A and Type B) were also identified electrophysiologically in perforated patch recordings of membrane potential and whole-cell current. Type A neurons had a low spontaneous firing frequency (5 Hz) broad action potentials (4 ms) and a threshold of approximately -45 mV. They were inhibited by the dopamine D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole. Type B neurons were characterized by a faster firing frequency (25 Hz), shorter action potential duration (1.5 ms) and a threshold of approximately -50 mV. These cells were unaffected by quinpirole. Large multipolar neurons were usually found to be of the A type and small fusiform, neurons of the B type. The properties of the large multipolar, Type A neurons suggest that they form part of the nigrostriatal, dopaminergic population of the pars compacta.
Action Potentials↗
Ultrasound detection of tuberculomas of the spleen.
A case of multiple tuberculomas of the spleen, detected as hypoechoic masses on ultrasound and subsequently proved at operation and histopathology, is presented. This was the only manifestation of the disease.
Adult↗
Treatment of ureteral calculi with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using the Lithostar device.
Shock wave requirements for fragmentation and the ultimate outcome after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with the Lithostar device were analyzed in 107 renal units with solitary ureteral calculi. In situ treatment was done in 54 stones without prior manipulation and in 15 after failure of endoscopic manipulation. A total of 25 ureteral calculi was treated after bypass with a ureteral catheter or stent and 13 after push back to the pelvicaliceal system. Shock wave requirement for fragmentation was significantly higher for calculi of 101 to 400 mm. X mm. when compared with the requirement for smaller calculi. Shock wave requirement was also significantly higher for patients with similar sized stones treated in the prone compared to the supine position. The average number of shock waves required for disintegration was not significantly different among in situ or any of the manipulation categories of similar sized stone populations. Over-all satisfactory clearance was achieved in 77.5% of the treated ureteral calculi. Clearance status was unaffected by size up to 400 mm. X mm. and the position of the patient during treatment (prone or supine). Clearance of ureteral stones treated in situ without prior manipulation (76.5%) was numerically inferior, although statistically insignificant, to that for successfully manipulated calculi (bypassed 88% and pushed back 92.3%) but it was significantly better than the outcome obtained after failed manipulation (46.2%). ESWL with the Lithostar device is a successful mode of treatment within the entire ureteral length, and a vigorous attempt at push back before lithotripsy is unnecessary.
Humans↗
Sonographic evaluation of chest masses in children.
The sonographic appearances of 12 intrathoracic masses in children are presented. Seven out of 12 masses were malignant and presented with opaque hemithorax on chest X-ray. Different types of masses encountered were: Lymphoma, Neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, metastatic Ewing's sarcoma, Teratocarcinoma, Pseudotumor of the lung, Neuroenteric duplication cyst, Bronchogenic cyst and tubercular mediastinal lymph nodes.
Adolescent↗
Permanent oculomotor palsy with occlusion of the internal carotid artery.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Type III collagen mutations cause fragile cerebral arteries.
Premature vascular aneurysms and fragility of cerebral arteries are commonly associated with type III collagen mutations and physical signs suggesting a generalized abnormality of connective tissue. Sometimes these traits are clearly genetically transmitted. Here we present seven examples of early cerebrovascular aneurysms or fragility including five examples of carotid cavernous sinus aneurysms. With one exception in which we suspect the mutation is too small to be detected, all of them had easily visible abnormalities of their type III collagen proteins. Further work in progress will eventually allow the characterization of their mutations at gene sequence level and will be followed by the ability to prevent transmission of the mutant genes in these families.
Adult↗
Japanese B encephalitis with neurocysticercosis.
A case of Japanese encephalitis (JE) with multiple calcified lesions suggestive of calcified neurocysticercosis on CT scan of the head is reported. The presence of nonenhancing calcified lesions and rising antibody titres for JE differentiated it from acute encephalitis neurocysticercosis. Post mortem studies indicate that neurocysticercosis predisposes to fatal JE infection. The present report is of an association of the two diseases which did not result in a fatal outcome.
Adolescent↗
Functional bladder neck obstruction in females--a revisit.
Functional bladder neck obstruction is supposed to be nonexistent or a very rare clinical disorder. In the past two and a half years, detailed synchronous, video pressure flow EMG studies were done in all the female patients who had evidence of obstructed voiding, poor flow and acute or chronic retention. The subjects of this study are nine females who had high sustained detrusor pressure, high opening pressure, low uroflow and silent sphincter during pressure-flow EMG study. A simultaneous urovideo recording showed either a closed bladder neck, inadequate funneling, intermittent or improper opening during voiding (when Pdet was high and sustained). These patients did not have any anatomical urethral obstruction, neurogenic disorder or systemic disease (like diabetes) affecting voiding. This stringent criteria of functional bladder neck obstruction was observed in nine patients. Five patients had acute or chronic retention and three patients had varying degree of renal failure. Initially all patients were managed by clean intermittent self catheterisation (CIC). Alpha blockers were empirically tried in six patients and had shown variable results. Bladder neck incision (BNI) was performed in two patients with rewarding success.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Primary tumors of small bones: a clinicopathological and radiological study.
Primary small bone tumors are rare. Most of them have been reported as solitary case reports in the literature. In this retrospective study of small bone tumors over the period of five years, the commonest tumor encountered was enchondroma. Next in frequency were exostosis, giant cell tumor, benign chondroblastoma. Solitary cases of benign osteoblastoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and glomus tumors were encountered. All these cases were analysed clinically, radiologically and correlated with histopathology in each case.
Adolescent↗
Ultrasonic evaluation of intra-abdominal abscesses.
This study describes the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of abdominal abscesses in children. A total of 41 abscesses were encountered in 36 patients (21 boys and 15 girls). The youngest patient was 1-month-old. Abscesses were localised at various sites (hepatic, renal, perirenal, paracolic, appendicular, pelvic, psoas, subphrenic, parietal), and of varied sonographic patterns (complex, anechoic, hypoechoic and containing uniform low level echoes). Most of them had irregular walls.
Abdomen↗
Spontaneous fecal fistula in inguinal hernia.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Hernia, Inguinal↗