Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Kapoor.
A case of Ewing's tumour of rib presenting as chest mass is reported. The role of computed tomography and chest ultrasound in evaluating such patients is discussed along with a brief review of literature.
A rare case of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) associated with hydrops diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound and subsequently confirmed on parturition is presented.
A rare case of chorioangioma of the placenta with unusual sonographic pattern diagnosed antenatally is presented. Another unusual feature of the case is the associated raised maternal serum alphafetoprotein level.
Mitochondrially bound hexokinase (ATP-D-hexose-6-phosphotransferase; EC 2.7.1.1) was dissociatively extracted from normal rat brains and intracerebral and subcutaneous implants of the 36B-10 glioma. At least 70% of the total hexokinase enzyme activity in normal and glioma tissue was associated with the mitochondrial fraction. Purification of the crude tissue extracts by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography followed by analysis with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a successive purification of the enzyme to homogeneity with a molecular size of 98 kilodaltons. Enzyme kinetics with glucose or 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) as the substrate were measured spectrophotometrically by coupling the appropriate reactions to either NADPH or NAD+ formation. The Km of hexokinase with glucose as the substrate in the intracerebral glioma (0.138 mM) and subcutaneous glioma (0.183 mM) tissues was 2.1-2.7-fold higher than that observed in normal brain tissue (0.067 mM) (p less than 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the Km for hexokinase with 2-DG as the substrate in the glioma and normal brain tissue. The phosphorylation ratio for normal brain was 0.320 and was increased in the intracerebral glioma to 0.694 and in the subcutaneous glioma to 0.519. The ratios of deoxyglucose and glucose volumes of distribution in normal brain and intracerebral glioma tissues were 1.70 and 1.85, respectively. The lumped constants calculated directly from the phosphorylation ratios and the volumes of distribution of deoxyglucose and glucose were 0.517 in normal brain and 1.168 in intracerebral glioma. Our results indicate the lumped constant is increased 2.26-fold in intracerebral glioma compared with normal brain.
Cellular accumulation of vincristine (VCR) and doxorubicin (DOX) was studied in 15 patients with low-grade B-cell malignancies. Their leukemic lymphocytes were isolated and the effect of verapamil on drug uptake was studied. The immunophenotype was characterized using anti-IgM, -IgD, -B 1, monoclonal antibodies. The more that cells bound the IgD or B1 antibodies, the more vincristine and doxorubicin did they accumulate. The fewer the cells that bound IgM antibodies, the more drug did they accumulate.
Various pulmonary problems have been described in Marfan's syndrome. Unusual cystic lung changes in a young girl with Marfan's syndrome are described.
Combined immunohistochemical labelling for neurons containing growth hormone (GH) releasing factor (GRF) or somatostatin and single labelling immunohistochemistry combined with Fluorogold retrograde transport labelling were used to examine whether somatostatin or GRF neurons might be reciprocally innervated. Occasional somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in the periventricular preoptic area were found to be closely approached by GRF-immunoreactive fibres, providing possible evidence of scant innervation of somatostatin neurons by GRF cells. In contrast, many GRF-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus appeared to have somatostatin-immunoreactive fibres closely applied to their perikarya suggesting that GRF neurons might be innervated by somatostatin cells. Combined retrograde tracing and fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed few somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons doubly labelled following injections of Fluorogold in the basal hypothalamus. Occasional GRF-immunoreactive neurons in the basal hypothalamus were doubly labelled following PO/AHA injections of Fluorogold. Numerous somatostatin-immunoractive perikarya were observed in the periventricular arcuate region in colchicine-pretreated animals. We conclude that GH-regulating neurons do not have strong reciprocal innervation. The innervation of GRF neurons by somatostatin fibres may be derived from local somatostatin neurons.
Possible effects of GRF on somatostatin neurons and of somatostatin on GRF neurons were examined by measuring the effects of localised intracerebral injections of these peptides on growth hormone (GH) secretion. Serial GH concentrations were measured in plasma in unanaesthetized male rats chronically prepared with venous and intracerebral cannulae, before and after treatment with bilateral intracerebral injections of somatostatin or GRF in the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area (PO/AHA) and medial basal hypothalamus. Injections of 0.1 and 1 nmol of GRF in medial basal hypothalamus or 10 nmol somatostatin in the PO/AHA, respectively, had stimulatory or inhibitory effects on GH, which were assumed to be due to diffusion of the peptide from the injection site to the median eminence and pituitary gland. Injection of lower doses of somatostatin around GRF neurons in the medial basal hypothalamus were without significant effect on secretion of GH, but 0.1 nmol somatostatin in the PO/AHA resulted in an increase in GH concentrations from 128 +/- 61 to 524 +/- 103 ng/ml, p less than 0.02. Injections of GRF in lower doses amongst somatostatin neurons in the PO/AH or amongst GRF neurons in the medial basal hypothalamus were both without effect on GH secretion. We conclude that somatostatin may stimulate GH secretion by an effect on or close to somatostatin neurons in the PO/AHA. Somatostatin, though present in terminals on GRF neurons, is without effect at this site in our model. Furthermore, we have been unable to demonstrate any significant intrahypothalamic effect of GRF on GH regulation.
Four cases of typhoid fever with unusual hepatic manifestations are described. Two cases had hepatitis and two had hepatic abscess. These complications are documented for the first time in the pediatric age group. Awareness of these rare manifestations may be helpful in avoiding unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
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Sixty children of proven meningitis and with clinical suspicion of its complications and open fontanelle were evaluated by real time ultrasound. Twenty of these patients had normal ultrasound findings while 40 showed varied sonographic features suggesting complications of meningitis, e.g., ventricular dilatation, pus in the ventricles, increased periventricular echogenicity, brain abscess, subdural effusion, porencephalic cysts, etc. Ultrasound is very useful in the diagnosis and serial follow up of these complications.
Twenty nine cases of intra abdominal injuries who became stable after initial shock were selected for ultrasound examination. Ultrasound detected intra-abdominal hematomas in 19/29 (65.51%). These cases were managed conservatively. The different types of hematomas encountered were renal, hepatic, splenic, retroperitoneal and parietal.
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