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Biomedical subjects

R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to R Jones.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

A comparison of two different services treating schizophrenia: a cost-benefit approach.

This study compares the clinical and social outcome for 2 cohorts of patients who had a first admission for schizophrenia 4 years earlier. One cohort was treated in a psychiatric unit attached to a teaching district general hospital (DGH)(T)), while the other was treated at an area mental hospital (AMH) with modern rehabilitation facilities. The clinical outcome for the 2 cohorts was broadly similar, but the DGH(T) imposed less of a strain on relatives, and was associated with less unmet need. The DGH unit tended to have significantly shorter durations of stay for its patients, so that its total hospital costs were less than those for the AMH despite higher unit costs. The cost-benefit analysis shows that, where these particular patients are concerned, the DGH(T) unit is economically superior to the AMH despite the fact that it supports a large teaching staff, and that these economic advantages are accompanied by various non-monetary advantages.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1980

Central visual field contributions to the visual-evoked response.

Visual evoked responses (VER) were recorded from bipolar electrodes placed transversely across the occipital region. A series of apertures were used to block the stimulation of the foveal area. The transverse distribution of the C2 component of the VER corresponds to a radial dipole source, and this is consistent with a foveal origin in the visual cortex. A clinical test for the presence of intact foveal projection, when opaque media preclude more conventional tests, could employ the VER.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

The extragonadal origin of 5 alpha-reduced androgens in the peripheral circulation of the adult male rabbit.

The extragonadal source of the high levels of 5 alpha-reduced androgens in the peripheral blood of the male rabbit has been investigated. Adult 3-day castrated rabbits each received a single intravenous injection of 3H-labelled testosterone, and blood plasma was collected at various intervals thereafter. Two h post injection, animals were killed, various accessory sex organs and peripheral tissues removed, and radioactively labelled testosterone and its metabolites quantified by radio-gas-liquid chromatography (radio-g.l.c.). Five min after the injection of 3H-labelled testosterone, the major labelled metabolite in blood plasma was 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone with small amounts of 3 alpha/3 beta-androstanediols and androstenedione. After 2 h significant quantities of 3H-labelled 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone had accumulated in the accessory sex organs, whereas only small amounts were found in "non-sexual" peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle. However, substantial amounts 3-day castrated rabbits, when they were incubated in vitro with 3H-labelled testosterone; the most active were skeletal muscle, liver and abdominal skin. Some formation of 3 alpha/3 beta-androstanediols occurred in all tissues. It is concluded that in the male rabbit skeletal muscle and skin are likely to be a significant extragonadal source of 5 alpha-reduced androgens for the maintenance of accessory sex organs such as the prostate and epididymis, which have low 5 alpha-reductase activity but a high capacity to retain 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1980

The assay of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in tablets and liquid formulations by two phase acid-base titration.

A novel titration method for the assay of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in formulations is presented. Pseudoephedrine base is extracted into chloroform and titrated with acid in a two phase system. The method is specific for the drug in tablet and syrup formulations. The precision and speed of assay are comparable with existing spectrometric and titration methods for amine drugs.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1980

Mucous membrane of respiratory epithelium.

Of the eight epithelial cell types of the airway surface epithelium three are secretory, the mucous, serous and Clara cells: the first two are also found in the submucosal glands. Organ culture results indicate that the pattern of control of the surface cells is different from that of the glands. Our recent studies show that in the surface epithelium Clara and serous cells can quickly convert to mucous as do nonsecretory undifferentiated cells. The balance between the various cell types changes with airway level. The type of glycoprotein within the secretory granules is neutral or acid, sialylated or sulfated, and also shows a regional pattern. Homeostasis is maintained in the normal but the equilibrium is quickly upset by a variety of irritants, infection of drugs. Change in pattern of glycoprotein synthesis depends largely on change of granules. The granules at the cell apex change first. The nature and distribution of the various receptor binding sites is significant in patterns of control. This lability occurs in an intact epithelium and whether or not mitotic activity is increased. With irritation tolerance to stimulus develops. Antiinflammatory agents can protect against some of these cellular and intracellular events. Our organ culture studies and biochemical analysis of secretion complement the tissue studies. Recent studies show that isoproterenol and salbutamol (a nonselective beta agonist and a selective beta 2, respectively) alter the normal mix of cell types and quickly, but that they have different regional specificity.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1980

Coronary ostial stenosis in Takayasu's arteritis.

A patient with Takayasu's arteritis with left coronary ostial narrowing is presented. The dramatic clinical and pathologic findings are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on making the diagnosis as soon as possible, in order to expedite bypass surgery to prolong life.

Aortic Arch Syndromes↗
PubMed1980

Changes in luminal plasma and disappearance of spermatozoa from the ligated cauda epididymidis of the androgen-deficient rabbit.

By 3 weeks after castration the majority of spermatozoa in the ligated cauda epididymidis were dead and decapitated and there was a 46% reduction in the total number of spermatozoa. By 5 weeks after castration > 99% of spermatozoa had disappeared. Electrophoresis of cauda epididymal plasma (CEP) on polyacrylamide gels revealed that after castration the protein composition of CEP changed from a pattern specific to the epididymis to one similar to blood serum. These changes in the luminal content could be prevented by administering testosterone. When spermatoza from the cauda epididymidis were diluted in CEP from normal rabbits they remained motile for several hours at room temperature. Dilution in CEP from 3- ro 5-week castrated animals stimulated vigorous forward motility but this declined to very low levels after 40 min. The evidence indicates that dead spermatozoa can be removed from the epididymis after castration by mechanisms not involving granuloma formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Determination of the identity and organization of messenger RNAs within DNA.

We outline methods for identifying DNAs containing sequences complementary to specific mRNAs, and provide a number of complementary approaches for mapping the arrangement of mRNAs along the DNA. These methods, together with S1 nuclease mapping and the direct visualization of R-loops with the electron microscope, provide a comprehensive approach to defining the architecture of mRNAs coding for specific polypeptides and the arrangement of RNA transcripts along the genome. This detailed cartographic information can then be used to study the steps in the processing of mature mRNAs and determine the modes by which the expression of specific genes is regulated.

DNA↗
PubMed1980

Fusional vergence: sustained and transient components.

There is evidence to suggest that fusional vergence acts as a two-stage process consisting of fusion-initiating and fusion-sustaining components. The interrelationship of these components was examined by comparing the amplitude of disparity-induced vergence over the operating range of sustained fusional vergence. The results showed that as sustained convergence increased, disparity-induced divergence increased and disparity-induced convergence remained essentially constant. These results are interpreted as indicating independence between the components and that the obtained increase in disparity-induced divergence resulted from an influence of accommodation on uncrossed retinal disparities.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1979

HnRNP core proteins: synthesis, turnover and intracellular distribution.

Our present data indicate that the Mr 34-40,000 polypeptides which are involved in the binding of a large fraction of hnRNA sequences, including mRNA, are for the most part metabolically stable species in mouse ascites tumor cells. An exception to this generalization is the smallest of 30S RNP core polypeptides, the Mr 34,000 protein, which has a relatively high turnover rate. The relationship of the various synthesis and degradation rates to the physiological state of mammalian cells remains to be determined, as does the pathway of assembly and disassembly of RNP substructures during re-utilization of the proteins and during their turnover. Immunofluorescent studies, which have confirmed the expected nucleoplasmic or euchromatic localization of the RNP core proteins, have also indicated that these species are stable during mitosis, at which time they are dispersed through the cell away from the condensed chromosomes. The proteins appear to relocate in the nucleus as soon as the nuclear envelope is reformed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A study of gramicidin using deuterium oxide.

The single channel conductivity of the gramicidin channel has been measured for all the alkali ions using both H2O and 2H2O as a medium. Significant changes in conductivity with medium have been observed in all cases except lithium.

Cations, Monovalent↗
PubMed1979

The therapeutic community as a research ward: myths and facts.

The clinical research ward run as a therapeutic community has been criticized as inefficient and scientifically unsound. This article discusses the therapeutic community as a research ward and identifies certain misconceptions which underlie many criticisms. The following myths are discussed and refuted: (1) There is an insurmountable community-research chasm. (2) The therapeutic community induces stress that interferes with research. (3) Patient passivity is engendered by research and this is destructive to the therapeutic community. (4) Symptoms are exacerbated by a research ward that is disruptive to the community. (5) Normal research subjects cannot live in a therapeutic community without pathologic psychic changes. These inaccurate myths are seen as a reflection of attempts to oversimplify very complex clinical and research issues. The use of mythology to simplify experiments, to artificially "clarify" complex issues, or to "protect" patients is seen as a disservice. The therapeutic community and research are syntonic when both receive appropriate support.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Morphology of the epithelium of the extratesticular rete testis, ductuli efferentes and ductus epididymidis of the adult male rabbit.

The fine structure of the epithelium lining the extratesticular rete testis, ductuli efferentes and ductus epididymidis of the rabbit has been investigated. In the ductuli efferentes the epithelium is composed of two cell types, principal cells and ciliated cells. The latter type is distinguished from principal cells by the presence of cilia projecting into the lumen and the position of the nucleus in the apical half of the cell. Principal cells in this segment are characterized by micropinocytotic vesicles on the surface plasma membrane and a variety of small dense bodies scattered throughout the cytoplasm. In the ductus epididymidis basal cells replace ciliated cells as the second cell type, but differences between various segments of the epididymis are related to the fine structure of the principal cells. In the proximal caput epididymidis (Nicander's region 1) the principal cells are tall with long microvilli. They typically contain a small Golgi apparatus and a cluster of dense bodies adjacent to the nucleus. In the distal caput epididymidis (Nicander's regions 2-5) the apical cytoplasm of principal cells is filled with numerous micropinocytotic vesicles and large multivesicular bodies; these features are interpreted as signs of absorptive activity. The multivesicular bodies are absent from the cytoplasm of principal cells in the corpus epididymidis (Nicander's region 6) and, instead, numerous elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, lipid droplets and dense bodies characterize principal cells in this segment. Towards the proximal cauda epididymidis (Nicander's region 7), the number of dense bodies (lysosomes) in the cytoplasm increases considerably. In the globose cauda (Nicander's region 8), the principal cells are reduced in height, and in addition to the features described in region 7, are characterized by a concentric array of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the basal cytoplasm. These observations are discussed in relation to the role of the epididymis in promoting the maturation and survival of spermatozoa.

Animals↗