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Biomedical subjects

R Jian

Publications and source records attributed to R Jian.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Neurological manifestations in relation to vitamin E deficiency, caused by a defect of biliary acid synthesis].

A progressive neurological syndrome with cerebellar signs, abnormal proprioception, areflexia and Babinski response was observed in a child with chronic intestinal malabsorption. There was no ophtalmoplegia or retinitis pigmentosa. Electromyography and biopsy showed no axonopathy or myopathy. Two other members of the family were also affected. The serum Vitamin E corrected the serum Vitamin E levels within a few months and led to secondary neurological improvement. The authors underline the importance of searching for Vitamin E deficiency and its cause in patients, especially children, with signs of spino cerebellar degeneration. Substitative therapy may have a favorable influence on the neurological condition even when administered late.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1986

[Retrosternal esophagoplasties by gastric upturn. Functional value].

The functional results in 13 cases of retrosternal oesophagoplasty by gastric upturn were compared with those obtained in 20 retrosternal oesophagoplasties by interposed colon and with published data concerning intrathoracic isoperistaltic reconstructions. Nine patients were examined by radiocinematography and 6 by radioisotope scanning to evaluate the speed of passage through the neo-oesophagus and the quality of gastric emptying. It appeared that gastric emptying took place within normal delays. Signs of reflux were observed in 9 of the 13 patients, but the problem did not seem to be worse than with isoperistaltic reconstructions.

Esophagoplasty↗
PubMed1986

Gastrointestinal motility disorders.

A classification of gastrointestinal motility disorders is offered based upon the type of disorder in transit (delay or acceleration), and the region of the gastrointestinal tract affected. Specific abnormalities of myoelectrical patterns are identified when possible and related to disturbances in transit in the stomach and small bowel.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of ethanol ingestion on postprandial gastric emptying and secretion, biliopancreatic secretions, and duodenal absorption in man.

Although abdominal complaints are frequent in both acute and chronic alcoholism, little is known of the effect of ingestion of ethanol with a meal on the function of the upper digestive tract. We have studied the effects of oral ethanol (1 g/kg body wt) taken with food on the gastric emptying rate of a solid-liquid meal as measured by a dual radioisotope technique in six normal subjects; and the gastric response (emptying and secretion), biliopancreatic secretions, and duodenal nutrient absorption after an homogenized meal, as evaluated by a gastroduodenal intubation-marker perfusion technique on seven healthy volunteers. In the latter experiments, radioimmunoassays of gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, somatostatin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were performed serially. As compared with the control experiment, alcohol induced the following effects: marked delay of gastric emptying of solids, smaller slowing effect on gastric emptying of the liquid phase of the solid-liquid meal and of the homogenized meal; no significant change in gastric acid secretion; no change in the overall postprandial pancreatic enzyme outputs, but a delay of lipase secretion; no change in the early bile salt postprandial output, but a reduced bile salt secretion from the second postprandial hour onwards; no significant change in carbohydrate and lipid duodenal absorption; and a significantly greater postcibal gastrin release. The mechanisms for these effects of alcohol on upper digestive tract function remain to be clarified.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intraesophageal perfusion of acid increases the bronchomotor response to methacholine and to isocapnic hyperventilation in asthmatic subjects.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been shown to be more frequent in people with asthma, but the mechanism by which it might aggravate asthmatic symptoms remains unclear. We compared the effects on maximal expiratory flow at 50% of VC (MEF50) of esophageal perfusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and of normal saline (NaCl) in 12 asthmatic subjects chosen at random. In all subjects, HCl perfusion did not change MEF50 but potentiated the bronchoconstriction induced by isocapnic hyperventilation of dry air (maximal decrease in MEF50 = 44 +/- 7% with HCl versus 22 +/- 5% with NaCl; p less than 0.001) or methacholine (provocative dose producing a 20% decrease in FEV1 = 349 +/- 99 micrograms with HCl versus 496 +/- 119 micrograms with NaCl; p less than 0.01). Seven of the asthmatic subjects were found to have GER on esophageal pH monitoring. In these subjects, HCl alone decreased MEF50 slightly but significantly (-17.5 +/- 5.5%; p less than 0.05), possibly reflecting the higher degree of basal bronchial hyperreactivity observed in this group. Thus, perfusion of acid into the distal esophagus caused slight but significant bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects with GER and increased the bronchoconstriction produced by isocapnic hyperventilation and by methacholine in asthmatic subjects without regard for the presence of GER.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of the increase of the caloric load of a meal on gastric emptying of its solid and liquid phases].

Caloric regulation of gastric emptying was mainly assessed with artificial liquid meals. We thus studied the effects of glucidic and lipidic caloric loads on gastric emptying of a solid-liquid meal (400 ml; 480 kcal), measured by an isotopic technique. Sixteen healthy subjects were separated in 3 groups; solutions of identical volume (400 ml) were added to the meal: water in group I (N = 6), glucose polymers (Caloreen; 400 kcal) in group II (N = 5), and triglycerides (Intralipide; 400 kcal) in group III (N = 5). Gastric emptying was dramatically slower in groups II and III than in group I, whatever the parameter considered. The magnitude of this caloric brake was identical for the 2 caloric loads tested and concerned both phases of the meal. Therefore, 3 h after the end of the meal, intragastric percentages of ingested liquids were 50 +/- 4 in group II, 52 +/- 5 in group III, vs 14 +/- 1 p. 100 in group I (p less than 0.001); for solids these percentages were 56 +/- 6 and 68 +/- 2 vs 11 +/- 3 p. 100 (p less than 0.001). In all groups, emptying of solids was slower than that of liquids, but the kinetics of this discrimination was modified by the increase of caloric load. The pyloric output of calories, estimated for the 3 h of the study was close to 2 kcal/min for the 3 groups studied. Thus, the 2 fold increase of the caloric concentration in groups II and III as compared to group I, did not modify the delivery rate of energy to small bowel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Alpha-chain disease].

The pathological and clinical features of alpha-chain disease, its immunological diagnosis, the structural abnormalities of the abnormal immunoglobulin A compared with those of proteins of gamma and mu heavy chains diseases, the course of the disease and its present treatment, the epidemiological factors involved and their influence on pathogenesis and finally, the relationship with the "Mediterranean abdominal lymphoma" or IPSID are successively described. The stress has been placed on the latest data which refine but no not modify the first description of the disease. In the same way as studies on the synthesis and structure of proteins in heavy chain diseases will provide new data on the biosynthesis of normal immunoglobulins, so the elucidation of sequential events leading from a plasmocytic stage reversible by antibiotic therapy alone to a highly malignant immunoblastic stage should improve our knowledge of the genesis of human lymphomas.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Idiopathic pancreatitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

The list of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases does not classically include pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency. We report here six cases of unexplained pancreatitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (five patients with Crohn's disease, one with indeterminate colitis). None of the classical etiologies for pancreatitis was found in our patients; moreover none of them had duodenal localization of Crohn's disease or sclerosing cholangitis, two conditions in which pancreatitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease has been previously described. Pancreatitis was painless (or was associated with moderate and atypical abdominal pain) in four of our six cases; no pancreatic calcification was found in any case; in three patients a total or subtotal exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was evidenced. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography performed in four subjects showed normal or minimally altered pancreatic ducts even in those with severe pancreatic insufficiency. These cases emphasize the existence of a probably nonfortuitous association of inflammatory bowel disease with pancreatitis. Its recognition could make a significant contribution in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of gastric emptying in dyspeptic patients: effect of a new gastrokinetic agent (cisapride).

Symptoms suggesting gastroparesis in patients without gastric outlet obstruction are very common but their relation to an objective delay of gastric emptying has been poorly investigated. A dual isotopic technique was used to evaluate patients with non-obstructive dyspepsia (idiopathic and secondary) (part 1) and to assess the effects of a new gastrokinetic agent: cisapride, on gastric emptying in such patients (part 2). Sixty patients with postprandial dyspeptic symptoms (vomiting, nausea, gastric bloating or full feeling) and without lesions at upper endoscopy were studied. They were distributed into three groups: idiopathic dyspepsia (n = 31), postvagotomy dyspepsia (n = 16) and dyspepsia secondary to medical disorders (n = 13). All patients ingested the same ordinary meal; 99mTc sulphur colloid tagged egg white was the solid phase marker and 111In chloride was the liquid phase marker. In part 1, evaluation of gastric emptying in the first 50 patients shows a delay of gastric emptying rate of solids and liquids as compared with controls. Striking differences separate the three groups of patients, however, percentages of delayed gastric emptying rate of solids and or liquids averaged 90% in postvagotomy or secondary dyspepsia groups whereas it was 44% in idiopathic dyspepsia group. Moreover, liquid emptying rate was often the only one impaired in idiopathic dyspepsia, and in 12 of the 27 patients of this group the faster emptying rate of liquids as compared with that of solids (always found in normal subjects), could not be evidenced. In part 2, 10 patients entered a double blind cross over study of cisapride (8 mg intravenously). A significant increase of solid (p<0.01) and liquid (p<0.05) emptying rates was found in patients with initial gastric emptying delay. This study emphasises the importance of an objective evaluation of gastric emptying in the presence of symptoms of gastric stasis and suggests that specific local acting therapy may be useful in patients with identified abnormal gastric emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising in a case of Waldmann's intestinal lymphangiectasis].

A case of high grade malignant lymphoma in a young woman with congenital disseminated lymphangiectasis, exudative enteropathy and immunodeficiency is reported. Lymphoid malignancies occur with a high frequency in the course of this rare disease, possibly as a consequence of immunodeficiency. In this case, a selective defect of the OKT4+ peripheral blood lymphocyte subset has been shown. The relationships between congenital lymphangiectasis, immunodeficiency and malignant lymphoma are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Measurement of intestinal progression of a meal and its residues in normal subjects and patients with functional diarrhoea by a dual isotope technique.

A new double isotopic method was used to measure the gastrointestinal progression of a meal in nine healthy subjects and seven patients with functional diarrhoea. 51 Chromium chloride (colonic marker) was ingested eight hours before the beginning of the scintigraphic study so that it was by then located in the colon at that time. A second marker, 99m Technetium sulphur colloid labelled the meal. Scintigraphic images were taken before and after the meal for two hours, detecting simultaneously the two isotopes. In the 51 Cr window right colon was localised and intracolonic propulsion was studied; and in the 99m Tc window gastric emptying and colon filling of the meal marker was quantified. A propulsive gastrocolic reflex was evidenced in five of the seven patients with functional diarrhoea but in none of the normal subjects. Unabsorbed residues of the meal are propelled rapidly in the ileocaecal region. Small intestinal transit of the meal marker was twice as rapid in patients with functional diarrhoea as in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative study of gastric emptying of digestible and nondigestible solids in normal man and duodenal ulcer patients].

Few studies have compared the gastric emptying of digestible and non-digestible solids in man. In 9 normal subjects and 16 duodenal ulcer patients, we measured simultaneously and during 3 h, the gastric emptying of: (a) radioopaque pellets (n = 100; volume = 30 mm3) ingested with an ordinary meal (450 kcal, 500 ml) and counted on X-ray series; and (b) digestible solids of the meal (99mtechnetium tagged egg white) detected by an isotopic method. Gastric emptying of liquids (labelled with 113mindium DTPA) was also determined. In normal subjects, emptying rates of the pellets was 5 +/- 2 p. 100 per hour while that of digestible solids was 29 +/- 1 p. 100 per hour (P less than 0.01). No correlation was evidenced between the emptying rates of either kind of solids. Emptying of liquids was faster than that of both digestible solids and pellets. Similar results were obtained in duodenal ulcer patients; no significant difference was found between patients and normal subjects for the three meal phases tested. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that digestible solids are retained in stomach until they are ground, and show that inert particles do not always reflect the gastric emptying of natural solids of the meal.

Adult↗