Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R J Morgan

Publications and source records attributed to R J Morgan.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Safe management of patients with simultaneously occurring prostatism and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

In patients who present with both an abdominal aortic aneurysm and signs or symptoms of urinary obstruction from prostatic hypertrophy, prostatectomy should be performed first if the patient's condition permits. Since bleeding from the site of prostatic resection is rare, the interval between prostatic and subsequent aneurysm operations need not be long. One to 2 weeks after hematuria disappears should be sufficient. If clinical conditions prompt emergency operation for a abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with prostatism, blood spectrum antibiotics should be used which include coverage for enterococci. Subsequent prostatectomy should be delayed as long as possible unless the patient cannot void or develops a urinary tract infection that cannot be cleared with appropriate antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibodies during and after prostate surgery, in this instance, are mandatory.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A prospective survey of radiological bone and joint changes in primary biliary cirrhosis.

A prospective survey of radiological bone and joint changes was undertaken in 42 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 23 patients with alcoholic or cyptogenic cirrhosis who formed a control population. PBC patients were commonly found to have hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (38%), joint erosions (31%) and osteoporosis, these results being significantly different from the control group. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy most frequently affected the first metacarpal and was rarely associated with finger clubbing or clinical symptoms. Joint erosions were most evident in the hands, often associated with a positive rheumatoid factor but only accompanied by symptomatic arthritis in four cases. Patients with PBC show a high prevalence of symptomless bone and joint changes which may become manifest clinically only as the disease progresses; radiography of the hands is recommended as a screening test for these changes.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Method, indications and results of corpus cavernosography.

Patients complaining of erectile dysfunction present with symptoms that are not readily reproduced for clinical observation. Corpus cavernosography provides a visual and radiographic diagnosis of the problem and may help in the understanding of the pathological process involved. Seventy-three cavernosograms were performed on 68 patients for symptoms relating to erectile deformities, both congenital and acquired, impotence and priapism. The indications, technique and results of corpus cavernosography are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Ketamine-acepromazine as an anaesthetic agent for chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger).

Intramuscular injections of ketamine-acepromazine provided satisfactory surgical levels of anaesthesia. Induction was smooth. There was a wide margin of safety with no significant side effects, and there were no deaths attributable to anaesthesia. Induction time was 4-6 min, duration of surgical anaesthesia was 40-60 min, with complete recovery in 2-5 h. 80 chinchillas were used for this study.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1981

Aspirin and bile acid induced gastric mucosal damage: protection by prostaglandins and antacids.

The importance of bile acids in causing gastric mucosal haemorrhage and the protective effect of prostaglandins and antacids has been studied in a series of studies using an animal model. Bile acids alone did not damage the gastric mucosa, but conjugated bile acids together with aspirin and hydrochloric acid may cause gastric mucosal haemorrhage. The prostaglandin analogue 15(R)15-methyl-E2 methyl ester protected the gastric mucosa against damage caused by conjugated bile acids together with aspirin or hydrochloric acid. Gastric mucosal protection was also achieved with antacids, but this effect appeared to be mainly on the aspirin rather than on the bile acid component of the damage. Bile acid binding, if it did occur, did not prevent the bile acid from increasing aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Appraisal of the suitability of a disease model of acute salmonellosis in calves for chemotherapeutic studies.

When young calves were dosed orally with 10(10) organisms of a culture of Salmonella dublin, typical symptoms of acute salmonellosis followed with a death rate of 86 per cent. Peak mortality occurred six days after infection. As a result of a statistical appraisal of the consistency of mortality in groups of untreated calves a model is proposed for the therapeutic evaluation of antibacterial compounds, which compares the number of survivors in groups of seven or eight calves with a minimum of four needed for significant indication of efficacy. Bacteriological and pathological investigations showed that the experimental disease was initially an acute systemic infection followed by severe enteritis. Measurements of plasma concentrations of enzymes and other constituents did not achieve the desired objective of establishing a method of quantitative evaluation of the clinical status of individual animals, although some changes occurred which were consistent with the pathology of the disease and suggested possible mechanisms by which jaundice occurred.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Water metabolism and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) response following thermal injury.

ADH has been implicated in the development of a positive water balance in thermal injury. However, the association of plasma ADH levels to the hemodynamic response and water and electrolyte balance of early thermal injury has not been defined. Plasma ADH was measured by radioimmunoassay in 13 patients with greater than 15% body surface area burns. In three patients frequent hemodynamic measurements were also made. Large individual variations of ADH were noted, but in general the ADH levels peaked early in the postburn period and declined thereafter. The highest mean ADH value was on day 2 (53.8 = 27 pg/ml); the lowest value on day 7 (13.4 +/- 8 pg/ml). Urine electrolytes demonstrated wide variation (Na+, 2 to 236 mEq/L; K+, 2 to 228 mEq/L) as did serum (261--331 mOsm/kg) and urine (557--785 mOsm/kg) osmolalities. No correlation was noted between ADH levels and osmolalities or hemodynamic variables. These data suggest that ADH response following burns is a stress response producing levels beyond the physiologic range for an antidiuretic effect and that the osmolar, hypovolemic, and hypotensive feedback loops are not involved: ADH seems to act as a vasoconstrictor and to have no significant effect on quality or quantity of urine. We conclude that the positive water balance following burns is not ADH mediated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of antacids on the occurrence of bile acid and aspirin-induced gastric lesions in rats.

Taurodeoxycholic acid increases the incidence of aspirin induced gastric bleeding in rats and in vitro is well bound by Aludrox (aluminium hydroxide) and poorly bound by Maalox (aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide). We studied the relevance of this binding, as demonstrated in vitro, by observing the effect of the antacids on the occurrence of taurodeoxycholic acid and aspirin-induced bleeding in vivo in rats. Six groups of fasting male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were intubated and given either water, Aludrox or Maalox and, 30 min later, aspirin or aspirin plus taurodeoxycholic acid. 4 h later the stomachs were examined and rats were scored positive if a lesion greater than 1 mm across was found (incidence of bleeding); a lesion scoring system was also used (severity of bleeding). The incidence of bleeding was increased from 63% with aspirin to 92% with aspirin plus taurodeoxycholic acid (P less than 0.05). The incidence was reduced to 33% and 67% respectively by Aludrox and to 29% (P less than 0.05) and 71% by Maalox. The severity of bleeding (median lesion score, quartiles in parentheses) was increased from 3 (1;6.5) (aspirin) to 10.5 (6;15) (aspirin plus taurodeoxycholic acid); P less than 0.001. These were reduced to 0.5 (0;3); P less than 0.02 and 5 (0.5;9.5); P less than 0.05 respectively by Aludrox and to 0 (0;3); P less than 0.02 and 3 (2;8); P less than 0.02 by Maalox. The severity of bleeding was reduced by both antacids but the effect appeared to be mainly on the aspirin rather than the bile acid component of the damage.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1980

Vesical leukoplakia.

Thirty-two patients with vesical leukoplakia have been seen in the St Peter's group of hospitals during the past 20 years. Twenty-five (78%) were men and 7 (22%) women with an average at diagnosis of 55 years. Seventeen (53%) had a history of chronic or recurrent urinary infection whilst 9 (28%) had previously developed bladder stones. Nine patients (28%) have so far developed a carcinoma of the bladder in association with the leukoplakia and, of these 4 are dead, 2 having died of metastatic disease and 2 in the immediate post-operative period. Eight of the 9 malignancies were squamous carcinomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Th investigation of organic impotence.

A proportion of impotent men may have one or more underlying organic causes for their impotence and might benefit from the implantation of a silastic penile prosthesis. In order to identify those men with organic impotence we have investigated 30 impotent men. The methods used have included the assessment of penile arterial perfusion by techniques involving a Doppler probe, nocturnal penile tumescence studies, cystometry and cavernosography. Despite the limitations of these various techniques their combined use may help in the recognition of organic impotence and thus facilitate its treatment.

Adult↗