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Biomedical subjects

R J Green

Publications and source records attributed to R J Green.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Outcomes of systemic/strategic team consultation: II. Three-year followup and a theory of "emergent design".

This is the second in a series of articles on an experimental, small-sample study of systemic/strategic team consultations. It presents the 3-year outcomes of clients whose 1-month progress was described in an earlier report (12). The 8 therapists in the current study originally were asked to select two ongoing cases matched for difficulty (N = 16). While all cases continued their regular therapy sessions, one of each therapist's two cases were selected at random to participate in a "Milan-informed," five-part team consultation. At 3-year followup, clients who participated in team consultations had maintained significantly higher levels of goal attainment than nonteam clients (p less than .05). For interpreting these results, we propose a developmental theory ("emergent design") to explain therapy impasses, team effects, the impact of termination, and long-range outcomes of therapy.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Effects of folate in culture medium on common fragile sites in lymphocyte chromosomes from normal and leukemic children.

The expression of common fragile sites at 69 bands was evaluated in 20 normal children and in 15 children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia using medium with folate (FA+) and without folate (FA-). As expected, the FA- medium significantly increased expression of aberrations in all study groups but the differences were larger for normal children than leukemic children. The major effect of the FA- medium was a generalized increase in aberration frequency over all sites rather than site-specific increases. A tendency toward clumping of aberrations within cells was exhibited in both media. Aberrations were seen at 81% (FA+) and 83% (FA-) of the 69 bands, with 4 sites - 3p14, 6p21, 9q13, and 17q23 - recorded in most of the study individuals. In addition, 12 sites not previously recorded as common or rare sites had significant levels of expression in at least one study group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Comparing lesbian and heterosexual couples on the circumplex model: an initial investigation.

This study extends the research on the Circumplex Model to a population of lesbian couples. Instruments consisted of a demographic questionnaire, FACES III, and the Family Satisfaction Scale. Lesbian couples reported significantly higher levels of cohesion, adaptability, and satisfaction than did heterosexual couples. Exceptionally high levels of cohesion and adaptability may help lesbian couples function more successfully in a predominantly heterosexual world. Further, women's socialization may predispose female couples to form more cohesive and adaptable relationships than heterosexual couples. This article also emphasizes the cultural relativity of family norms for studies of lesbian and all minority population couples.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Lack of effect of acute ethanol consumption on active cation fluxes of leucocytes and erythrocytes in healthy humans.

1. Acute ethanol consumption in human volunteers did not appear to alter active cation fluxes by Na+,K+-ATPase, or intracellular electrolyte concentrations, in peripheral leucocytes or erythrocytes. 2. Urinary electrolyte excretion was decreased after ethanol consumption, compared with controls. 3. Neither plasma glucose nor serum insulin was altered by ethanol. 4. After ethanol consumption there was an elevation of endogenous plasma adrenaline levels. This was accompanied by a leucocytosis, which could be attributed to a raised neutrophil count. 5. The raised adrenaline levels were not associated with hypokalaemia. 6. It is possible that in vivo ethanol may prevent adrenaline-induced hypokalaemia by fluidizing the membrane and/or decreasing the affinity of beta-receptors for adrenaline.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Communication deviances: a comparison between parents of learning-disabled and normally achieving students.

This study explored the relationship between parents' communication deviances and children's placement in a learning disability class. Participants were the parents of 30 learning-disabled students and 30 average students attending junior high school. Samples of communication were taken from parents' participation in an experimental task. Using a "blind" sorting procedure, raters were able to identify 87% of the learning-disabled students' parents by their high communication deviance scores and 77% of the average students' parents by their low communication deviance scores on the experimental communication task (p less than or equal to .0001). Implications for future research on the etiology and remediation of learning disabilities are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The acute in vitro effect of ethanol, its metabolites and other toxic alcohols on ion flux in isolated human leucocytes and erythrocytes.

Using isolated healthy human leucocytes and erythrocytes as model cells, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ethanol, its metabolites and of other toxic alcohols on the active fluxes of rubidium (Rb: equivalent to K) and sodium (Na), and on Na,K-ATPase activity. Ethanol (80 mmol X l-1) inhibited total and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb influx and 22Na efflux in leucocytes, this being dose-related for total, ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive fluxes at higher concentrations. In erythrocytes inhibition occurred at 20 mmol X l-1 for 86Rb influx, dose-related at higher concentrations as for leucocytes. 22Na efflux was inhibited at 80 mmol X l-1 and above. Acetaldehyde (0.1 and 0.2 mmol X l-1), 1,2-propanediol (0.8 mmol X l-1) and 2,3-butanediol (0.4 mmol X l-1) inhibited all fractions of 86Rb influx in erythrocytes, but not in leucocytes. Methanol, 2-propanol and 1,2-ethanediol (16 and 32 mmol X l-1) inhibited 86Rb influx in erythrocytes, but not in leucocytes. The order of potency was 2-propanol greater than 1,2-ethanediol greater than methanol. Na,K-ATPase activity was inhibited in lysed leucocyte and erythrocyte preparations only at very high concentrations of the alcohols--suggesting that inhibition is due to an alteration in membrane structure and not to a direct effect on the enzyme.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1986

Child abuse and deprivation. A review of the records at Coronation Hospital, Johannesburg.

A hospital-based, descriptive study to determine the incidence of child abuse and 'child deprivation' in the community served by Coronation Hospital was conducted. Clinical records from 1 January 1979 to 30 June 1984 were consulted, and statistics extracted. A questionnaire was distributed among the medical staff involved with the diagnosis and management of child abuse. A total of 9 821 case summaries were analysed and a total of 23 cases of confirmed child abuse were recorded during this period, giving an incidence of 2.48 confirmed cases of abuse per 1 000 paediatric admissions. Of the children admitted 301.8/1 000 were found to be less than the 3rd percentile for both weight for age and height for age, and were classified as 'deprived' in terms of this study.

Body Height↗
PubMed1986

Folic acid and chromosome breakage. IV. Variance estimates from longitudinal studies of normal individuals and their implications for sample size and power to detect differences between populations.

The frequency of chromosome aberrations was studied in minimal essential medium (MEM) with and without folic acid (FA) in lymphocytes of 4 normal individuals, each sampled 12 times over a 1-year period. The cells cultured without FA had significantly more breaks and gaps. In both media about 75% of aberrations were classified as gaps. Calculations based on variance estimates suggest that the use of medium without FA could enhance the statistical power to distinguish differences in proportions of chromosome breakage between groups in the same study.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Action of compounds with effective in vivo mineralocorticoid activity on ion transport in leucocytes.

We have studied the in vitro short-term effects of aldosterone (1.0-1000 nmol l-1), cortisol (0.5-5.0 mumol l-1), fludrocortisone (1.0-10 nmol l-1) and carbenoxolone (0.5-3 mmol l-1) on 86rubidium influx (a model for potassium), 22sodium efflux, and [3H]-ouabain binding capacity in intact human leucocytes. No effect of aldosterone (at concentrations present in Conn's syndrome) or fludrocortisone could be demonstrated on cation fluxes or [3H]-ouabain binding compared to controls. No significant effect of cortisol, at concentrations either physiological or present in Cushing's syndrome, could be demonstrated on cation fluxes or [3H]-ouabain binding compared to controls. Carbenoxolone significantly increased 86Rb influx and 22Na efflux at concentrations known to cause hypokalaemia in man. The effect was not blocked by propranolol. No effect could be demonstrated for [3H]-ouabain binding.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1985

Sodium-potassium-ATPase activity in the dorsal root ganglia of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Sodium-potassium-ATPase activity was measured in excised dorsal root ganglia of streptozotocin-diabetic rats, 2 months after induction of diabetes. In comparison with age-matched controls, there was a decrease in both the total and ouabain-insensitive activity, indicating an overall reduction in ouabain-sensitive activity of 46%. This decrease may explain the reduced amino-acid uptake exhibited by diabetic sensory ganglia and could be relevant to the development of diabetic neuropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Adrenaline and ion flux in isolated human leucocytes.

Hypokalaemia may be produced in man by intravenous adrenaline infusion, or as a result of pathological disturbances which have led to a high plasma adrenaline concentration. With isolated human leucocytes used as a cellular model, adrenaline at concentrations at and above 9 nmol/l increases the influx of rubidium (a model for potassium flux) into cells, with a simultaneous efflux of sodium. There is no effect on Na+,K+-ATPase activity in lysed leucocytes. Use of the adrenoceptor blockers timolol and atenolol shows that the demonstrated effect of adrenaline on coupled active transport of ions is mediated by beta 2-adrenoceptors.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1983

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in early childhood.

Two girls, each less than 2 yr of age, developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (malignant myelosclerosis). Both presented with anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and a low percentage of blasts in their peripheral blood. Their marrow showed marked reticulin fibrosis with an increase in blasts and immature megakaryocytes. The blasts stained negatively for myeloperoxidase and Sudan Black B, but showed acid phosphatase (ACP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity inhibitable by sodium fluoride. They were identified as megakaryoblasts by the platelet peroxidase reaction. Cytogenetic studies showed multiple chromosomal abnormalities in both cases. Chemotherapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase was without effect, while daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside induced a complete remission in one case. The second case responded to a combination of cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, and 6-thioguanine. This article documents that acute megakaryoblastic leukemia occurs in early childhood and describes its clinical, pathologic, and cytogenetic features. Previous reports of childhood "myelofibrosis" are reviewed, and their possible relationship with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Studies on the area cerebrovasculosa of anencephalic fetuses.

The area cerebrovasculosa has been examined in 35 anencephalic fetuses and coronal sections prepared in 15 cases. A bilaterally symmetrical cystic mass is found covering the anterior and middle cranial fossae. The mass is generally walled with glial tissue, partially lined with ependyma and filled with abnormally vascular choroid plexus. The coverings of the cyst are conspicuously vascular and the overlying squamous epithelium is in continuity with hairy skin at the margins of the lesion. The posterior cranial fossa contains a variable quantity of medulla oblongata which has no connection with the cystic mass. The medulla and cervical cord are more nearly normal in that minority of cases with an intact foramen magnum. The degree of hindbrain development is correlated with previously reported presence of heterotopic glial tissue in the spinal subarachnoid space of some anencephalic fetuses (Bell, Gordon and Maloney, 1981; Bell, 1981, in press). These findings have led us to reject the widely accepted view that the area cerebrovasculosa is totally disorganised, and that anencealy is characterised by absence of the forebrain.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1982

Three-dimensional reconstruction of biological sections.

To observe internal detail in biological structures using light or electron microscopy, specimens need to be prepared from thin sections. Quantitative analysis of these section requires the transfer of complete section images, or selected features from them, into a computer. Where a complete structure is represented by a series of consecutive sections, images may be combined to represent the three dimensional structure. An interactive computer system is described which enables selected features of serial section images to be entered into the computer, edited, reconstructed in three-dimensions and displayed in any orientation. Sections can be analysed individually using appropriate, compatible programs, and an assessment of the complete structure obtained by interpolating between them. Categorisation of the different substructures within the sections allows them to be analysed and displayed separately.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of a new chromosomal marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia from a long-term cell line.

A bone marrow aspirate from a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at first relapse was used to establish cell line # 697. The cultured line and marrow aspirates taken at initial diagnosis and first relapse were examined and compared. Similarities in all patterns evaluated confirmed the leukemic origin of the line. Morphologically, the cells were typically lymphoblastic. Cytochemically, they were slightly acid phosphatase-positive and negative for peroxidase, ASD chloroacetate esterase, and nonspecific esterase. Immunologically, they were found positive for common-ALL antigen (CALLA), Ia-associated antigen, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and cytoplasmic IgM (cIgM) and slightly positive for surface IgM (sIgM). Testing for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen was also positive. Cytogenetic evaluations performed on initial, relapse, and cell line specimens each revealed the presence of a pseudodiploid cell line characterized by a consistent marker chromosome. GTG-, QFQ-, and RF-banding identified the marker as being derived from a translocation involving chromosomes #7 and #19: t(7;19) (q11;q13). Iso 7q, -5, -9, and +2 were also found in significant association with the marker and were viewed as demonstrating continued karyotypic evolution within the cell line. From these data, cell line #697 has been classified as a leukemic line of B-cell lineage in a transitional stage between pre-B and mature B cells.

B-Lymphocytes↗