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Biomedical subjects

R Hume

Publications and source records attributed to R Hume.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

Prediction of lean body mass from height and weight.

Lean body mass, calculated from the measurement of total body water using antipyrine space, was estimated in 29 males and 27 females. It was found that the lean body mass could be predicted from the height and weight, and formulae for both males and females have been produced with multiple correlation coefficients (r) of 0.96 and 0.83 respectively.

Body Composition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal pleural effusion associated with congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia.

A pleural effusion associated with congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia was detected in a fetus in utero but was absent at the time of delivery. The pleural effusion was unilateral although the disease involved both lungs. In this case there was an association between polyhydramnios and congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal factors influencing hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme activity.

BACKGROUND: At discharge from neonatal units, many preterm infants are vulnerable to preprandial hypoglycemia due to insufficient liver glucose production. In most preterm infants, hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity (the terminal step of liver glucose production) remains abnormally low postnatally. OBJECTIVE: To determine what perinatal factors are associated with changes in hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme activity. STUDY DESIGN: The maximum velocity (Vmax) of the hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme, as the dependent variable, was correlated by stepwise multiple regression analysis with clinical data from a consecutive series of 45 preterm infants from a level 3 neonatal unit. RESULTS: Significant factors (p < or = 0.0005) were the presence of pathogenic bacteria isolated from maternal high vaginal swabs (p < or = 0.0000), hyperkalemia regimen, duration of prenatal exposure to ritodrine, and delivery mode. Further analysis revealed that the highest correlation was with positive early post-delivery infant bacterial cultures. CONCLUSION: Perinatal events and clinical interventions modulate key enzyme systems necessary for human adaptation to extrauterine life.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Costing nursing education programs. It's as easy as 1-2-3.

Staff development departments are pressured to reveal the costs of their educational programs and to compete with outside vendors for programming. The process of implementing a spreadsheet template for costing out staff development programs is described. The template is easy to use and supports "what if" analysis. This model allows educators to evaluate cost implications of curricular decisions and to better negotiate with internal and external customers.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in human fetal lung: immunohistochemistry and release from organ culture.

Immunohistochemical studies in human fetal lung have shown that epithelial and endothelial cells are both strongly and equally reactive for PGE2. In contrast, epithelial PGF2 alpha reactivity varied between fetuses, in some as intense as endothelial staining and in others very much less. As lung organ cultures differentiated, the intensity of PGE2 staining declined in airways and blood vessels, although it was still weakly positive at 10 days. In contrast, epithelial cells rapidly became negative for PGF2 alpha, whereas PGF2 alpha positivity was retained in blood vessels, albeit less obviously. PGF2 alpha and PGE2 were released into the media of organ cultures in decreasing amounts as cultures progressed. Amounts of released PGF2 alpha were greater by 2- to 10-fold than PGE2. Our findings suggest that the endogenous production of prostaglandins by human fetal lung in organ culture has a key role in the self-differentiation process that occurs in the absence of sera or added growth factors or hormones.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prostaglandin production and metabolism in self-differentiating human fetal lung organ culture.

PGE2 and PGF2 alpha are released into the media of human fetal lung organ cultures in decreasing amounts with time. This decline in PGs is not due to culture failure or loss of synthetic capacity, which can be stimulated by fetal bovine serum, nor is it due to increased catabolism of PGE2 to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (PGEM) or of PGF2 alpha to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM). Immunohistochemically reactive PGs are not retained within lung cells. Antisera against methyl-moximated derivatives of PGEM or PGFM and preceded by derivatization on tissue sections of PGs by methyl-moximation not only demonstrate the localization of PGEM and PGFM in epithelial cells and blood vessels, but also show an overall decline in immunoreactivity with time. In addition electron microscopy of uncultured fetal lung removed directly after termination reveals various degrees of mitochondrial damage and in some cases plasma membrane blebs which resolve during the period in culture and as fetal lung self-differentiates. It is proposed that oxidative and mechanical stresses, occurring during termination of pregnancy or tissue preparation, result in cell damage and increased lung prostaglandin production, which, although decreasing during culture as cells recover, is sufficient to trigger terminal self-differentiation.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucose-6-phosphatase proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) catalyses the terminal step of hepatic glucose production and it plays a key role in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. Hepatic G-6-Pase is an integral resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein and it is part of a multicomponent system. Its active site is situated inside the lumen of the ER and transport proteins are needed to allow its substrates, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) (and pyrophosphate), and its products, phosphate and glucose to cross the ER membrane. In addition, a calcium-binding protein is also associated with the G-6-Pase enzyme. Recent immunological studies have shown that G-6-Pase (which has conventionally been thought to be present only in the gluconeogenic organs) is present in minor cell types in a variety of human tissues and that its distribution changes dramatically during human development. In all the tissues, enzymatic analysis, direct transport assays and/or immunological detection of the ER glucose and phosphate transport proteins have been used to demonstrate the presence and activity of the whole G-6-Pase system. The G-6-Pase protein is very hydrophobic and has proved difficult to purify to homogeneity. Four proteins of the system have now been isolated and polyclonal antibodies have been raised against them; two have also been cloned. The available sequences, together with topological studies, have given some information about both the topology of the proteins in the ER and the probable mechanisms by which the proteins are retained in the ER.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence for glucuronide (small molecule) sorting by human hepatic endoplasmic reticulum.

The entry of substrates into, and the export of glururonides from, the lumen of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in vitro (sealed microsomes) has been measured using radioactivity-labelled materials and a rapid filtration assay. Analysis of liver microsomes from a jaundiced patient showed the accumulation of bilirubin glucuronides within the lumen of the ER. Further analysis of these hepatic microsomes revealed that newly synthesized 1-naphthol glucuronide could exit from the microsomes whereas bilirubin glucuronide was accumulated within the microsomes. These results suggest the existence of mechanisms for the sorting of small molecules, destined for export through bile canalicular or basolateral plasma membranes, by ER. Furthermore, these sorting processes may be regulated by specific transporters within the ER.

Bilirubin↗