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Biomedical subjects

R Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to R Hofmann.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Sonographic detection of thromboses of the renal veins and vena cava in adenocarcinoma of the kidney].

Renal cell carcinoma invades the renal vein and the inferior vena cava in 5-33% and 5-10% of the cases, respectively. The ultrasonic findings of 102 consecutive patients with renal tubular carcinoma were compared with the intraoperative and pathohistological results. With ultrasonography the renal vein could be visualized in 81% on the right and in 54% on the left side. 20 patients showed a thrombosis of the renal vein. The main renal vein could be demonstrated in 10 of 13 cases, with a malignant thrombosis in 7 cases. Ultrasound could not visualize any of the 7 thrombotic small renal vein branches. 4 of 5 tumour thrombi in the inferior vena cava could be shown sonographically. The role of ultrasonography in comparison to phlebography and computed tomography in assessing the normal and pathological venous system of the kidney is described.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Radiotherapy of prostatic cancer: staging and radiotherapy planning with transrectal ultrasound].

Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate is a cheap and well-reproducible examination for the prostate and seminal vesicles. The local tumor extension of a prostatic carcinoma can be visualized. By documentation of the ultrasound image on a polaroid paper picture, the topometric section of the prostate can be obtained. This picture can be used for dosimetry in individual radiation therapy-planning. Computed tomography is performed for detection of enlarged regional lymph nodes and demonstration of the topographic anatomy of the prostate in the lower pelvis.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Natural killer cells in patients with renal cell cancer.

Cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood was studied in 60 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by means of a 51Cr release assay against K 562 cells, homologous and autologous RCC. All patients were tested prior to surgery and thereafter followed up for 1 year. Immunostimulating agents as interferon, levamisole, OMPI, and various bacterial extracts were tested for their boosting capacity on NK cells. Patients with localized tumor showed increased activity in comparison to age-matched controls, whereas NK cell activity and interferon-boosted activity in patients with advanced disease and tumor spread was decreased. Augmentation of NK activity could only be achieved by interferon, while application of levamisole, OMPI, and bacterial extracts resulted rather in suppression of cytotoxic activity.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1985

[The possibility of technical error in ultrasound studies].

Ultrasonography provides a diagnostic tool for patient examination by means of an imaging procedure according to sonic principles. An artificial image is created electronically from the different velocity of sound and intensity of sonic echos in various tissues. This echogram demonstrates an indirect image of the organs in the body, which differ in their echogenic structures. Three main causes for errors result from this principle: by the examiner, by the sonic principle and physical-technical limits of the ultrasound apparatus. These errors are presented with sonographic pictures and their causes are outlined.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1985

[Problems in the discontinuation of sterility treatment].

In the period from 1970 to 1983 sterility treatment was broken off by 218 patients of the women's clinic, Wilhelm-Pieck-University Rostock. From 103 returned questionnaires 194 individual responses were recorded suggesting that on the average more than one reason led to the decision to break off treatment. Personal problems such as unsuccessful treatment, advanced age, too high demand on time, conflicts in marriage, consumption of stimulants, and diseases (61.2%) were prevalent. Pregnancy (50.5%), adoption (20.4%), occupational problems (13.6%), and a problematic physician-patient-relationship (6.8%) were also cited. Already from the beginning of treatment these patients were not willing to cooperate, to supply necessary information and fully participate. A tendency towards a shifting of the problems could be observed. 24.3% of the patients continued seeing a gynaecologist. 15.5% asked for recommencement of sterility treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of 500 hysterosalpingograms with special reference to tubal sterility].

457 hysterosalpingograms out of 500 could be analysed which were made from sterility patients of the women's clinic, Wilhelm-Pieck-University Rostock, in the period from 1973 to 1980. A normal uterine cavity was found in 395 cases (86.7%), having a tubal patency on both sides (54%). In 8.7% of the cases only the right tube and in 11% only the left tube was patent for contrast medium. In 48 cases there was a tubal occlusion on either side. Uterus arcuatus was diagnosed in 7%, uterus bicornis in 4% and uterus duplex as well as uterine fibromyoma in 0.5% of the cases. Intracavitary processes were evident only in 6 patients. Abnormal long tubes could be found in 79 cases, tubes in high positions in 87 cases, and rigid and very short tubes in 95 cases. In 176 cases a sactosalpinx could be diagnosed. Ampullar tubal occlusion at one side was observed in 105 cases, and the same one in 49 cases on both sides. Following the hysterosalpingography 71 from a total of 122 pregnancies occurred within a period of 6 months, without any additional treatment being carried out in 32 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hereditary autosomal dominant form of bladder diverticula in male patients.

We report on 1 family in which 7 male patients had solitary bladder diverticulum. This family represents an autosomal dominant form of this disease by which only men are affected. Diverticula of the bladder can be classified as congenital (primary) or acquired (secondary). Vesical diverticula are uncommon in children and occur either primarily, when the vesical mucosa protrudes through a congenital defect in the bladder wall, or secondarily to bladder outflow obstruction. In adults the occurrence of multiloculated secondary diverticula is mainly due to subvesical obstruction. This seemingly autosomal dominant form of solitary diverticula in men was mostly associated with bladder outlet obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Natural killer cell activity in patients with prostatic carcinoma and its in vivo boosting with bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

In patients with prostatic carcinoma, natural killer (NK) cell activity was monitored in a chromium release assay. Cells from the human myeloid cell line K 562 and from a human prostatic cancer cell line (PC 3) were used as target cells. Additionally, in vitro stimulation with beta-interferon was done in each sample. NK activity in patients with localized prostatic cancer was increased as compared to age-matched controls. Patients with advanced disease showed reduced levels of NK activity. Furthermore, hormonally treated patients in relapse had significantly lower activity than patients in remission or with stable disease. Hormone therapy was without major influence on NK activity. BCG vaccination as an adjuvant immunotherapy was done in a small group of patients. Baseline NK activity and interferon-stimulated activity were enhanced by BCG in most cases.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1984

[Destruction of urinary calculi using laser beams. Experimental principles and in vitro studies].

Despite recent therapeutic advances, urinary stone disease is still a main problem in urology. We investigated lithotrypsy of urinary calculi by the use of a Neodymium-YAG-laser. Application of laser power up to 88 W with a continuous wave laser and with a high power pulsed laser (220 microseconds/24,5 mJ to 10 ms/20 J) only lead to melting or burning of the stones. Irradiation with a Q-switched laser (12 ns/13,6 mJ) beam resulted in a burst of stone parts without complete fragmentation of the calculus, whereas the use of a Q-switched laser (12 ns/13,6 mJ) with an optomechanical coupler generated stress waves, which disintegrated stones into small parts. All experiments have been carried out in vitro. A possible technical application of the methods in vivo is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA)/immunoglobulin A (IgA) ratio in cervico-vaginal lavage fluids].

Investigation of the immunoglobulins in the vaginal lavage fluids are semiquantitatively. The aim of the present study was to complete the semiquantitative S-IgA estimations with an "S-IgA/IgA" ratio. An antiserum against the secretory component (Anti-SC) and an S-IgA standard as well as an antiserum against the immunoglobulin A(Anti-IgA) and a serum IgA standard were used. The ratio was proved in vaginal lavage fluids from 5 fertile and 2 infertile women in the course of the menstrual cycle on days 8th, 11th, 14th, 18th and 24th. Progesterone, IgG and IgA were estimated simultaneously in serum samples. According to the "S-IgA/IgA" ratio patients were divided in 2 groups with values higher than 1 on the one side and with values lower than 1 on the other side. In cases with high "S-IgA/IgA" ratio an increased local antibody production and secretion is supposed.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1983

[Results of treatment of functional sterility with clomifen].

Our experiences in the treatment of functional sterility in 482 patients with clomiphene are reported. The dosage of clomiphene was 100 mg per day for 5 days. If treatment was without success after 3 cycles dosage was changed to 150 mg per day for 7 days. The ovulation induction rate detected by basal body temperature was 74.5%. Conceptions were obtained in 35.7%. Pregnancy was terminated by spontaneous abortion in 18.8%. In high weight patients there was the best success rate with clomiphene treatment.

Adult↗