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R Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R Gupta.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A dominant negative Raf-1 mutant prevents v-Src-induced transformation.

A vector expressing a dominant negative mutant of Raf-1 was stably introduced into BALB/c 3T3 cells expressing a temperature-sensitive derivative of v-Src. High levels of the Raf-mutant were detected in these cells. Expression of the Raf-1 mutant blocked v-Src-induced transformation, as determined by reversion to a flat non-transformed morphology and the inability to form colonies in soft agar. Cells transfected with the parental vector lacking the mutant Raf-1 could be transformed by v-Src. These data suggest that intracellular signals activated by v-Src that are mediated by Raf-1 are required for transformation by v-Src.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1993

Delayed type hypersensitivity to human cytomegalovirus.

A skin test for immunity to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is described in which skin induration is measured after intradermal injection of antigen derived from heat-inactivated Towne strain HCMV or of envelope prepared from the virus. Randomly selected healthy young adult males and females were prescreened for evidence of past infection with HCMV using serologic tests. Each individual was inoculated with heat inactivated whole virion HCMV antigen prepared from serum-free supernatants of HCMV-infected MRC-5 cells, non-infected MRC-5 cell lysates, and Candida extract. HCMV seropositive individuals developed positive skin reactions to both the Candida extract and the HCMV test antigen. No response was observed at the MRC-5 cell lysate inoculation site. The envelope antigen also elicited a response in seropositive individuals. Seronegative individuals who were negative to the HCMV intradermal antigen at the start of the study developed a positive response 1 week after subcutaneous immunization with live attenuated Towne strain HCMV. This response also correlated with the onset of in vitro proliferation responses to HCMV antigens by peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the immunized individuals. Furthermore, skin test and lymphocyte proliferation responses remained positive when tested up to 93 days post-immunization. In guinea pig experiments with HCMV, those animals immunized with purified HCMV or a virus envelope preparation developed strong skin reactions to intradermal injection of each of those antigens. In contrast, no reaction was observed in immune animals, either to viral capsid antigen or uninfected cell-lysate antigen, and no reactions were observed to any HCMV antigen in non-immune animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Improved survival in the treatment of squamous carcinoma of the oral tongue.

During the past 15 years, newer trends in the management of oral tongue cancer have included increased use of elective neck dissection and mandible-sparing procedures, as well as a commitment to postoperative radiotherapy in patients with stage III and IV tumors. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 297 consecutive patients who underwent primary treatment of a squamous cancer of the oral tongue at our institution between 1978 and 1987 to determine the effects of the aforementioned therapeutic approaches on patients' survival. Determinate 5-year survival was 65% overall (82% for stages I and II, 49% for stages III and IV), which represents a significant improvement when compared with the survival rates we reported for the preceding 10-year period, despite the fact that the distribution of patients according to stage was about the same. Some type of lymphadenectomy was performed in 130 patients, 63 of whom underwent elective node dissection for T1 or T2 lesions. Forty-one percent of the latter had positive nodes, which upstaged the disease in a significant proportion of N0 patients. The number of positive nodes (more than two positive nodes) was a significant predictor of survival (p = 0.03). Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 70% of patients with stage III or IV tumors. In this group of patients, the incidence of neck recurrence was reduced (13% versus 29% for patients who did not receive radiotherapy). The only long-term survivors among patients with stage IV tumors were those who received postoperative radiotherapy. Our results strongly suggest that the improvement in results is related to a more aggressive and effective treatment of the neck.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a neonatal intensive care unit.

During the 19-month study period, 48 (2 per cent) of the 2177 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa growths in blood cultures. All these neonates had clinical and haematological evidences of sepsis. Prominent clinical features included sclerema, violaceus necrotic patches, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, and DIC. Over all mortality was 23 per cent, distinctly higher in premature neonates with RDS. The mean gestational age and birth weights (+/- SD) of these neonates were 36.42 (+/- 2.73) weeks and 2173.34 (+/- 567.33) g, respectively. Approximately half of the total cases had low birth weight. Other adverse perinatal events before the development of sepsis included birth asphyxia (60 per cent), neonatal resuscitation (67 per cent), meconium aspiration syndrome (29 per cent), hyaline membrane disease (8 per cent), prolonged hospitalization (44 per cent), closed incubator care (17 per cent), prolonged intravenous fluids (42 per cent), repeated blood sampling (63 per cent), and umbilical catheterization (4 per cent). Analysis of the trend of Pseudomonas sepsis in our NICU revealed six definite outbreaks (more than two cases) interspersed with occasional (one or two) cases. Six study months, however, remained free of Pseudomonas sepsis. Index case was demonstrable on seven occasions. Bacteriological surveillance of the NICU after onset of initial case/cases revealed statistically significant colonization of resuscitation equipment, baby placement sites, and various cleansing solutions by the same bacterial species (P < 0.05). It is possible that Pseudomonas was introduced to our NICU from transfer admissions from other hospitals since on four occasions index case was the one transferred from outside.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistopathological spectrum in cutaneous tuberculosis.

Granulomas of lupus vulgaris were characterized by a raised CD4+/CD8+ ratio, while in scrofuloderma this was significantly decreased. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis showed intermediate changes. These immunological variations suggest that cutaneous tuberculosis forms a spectrum with strong cell-mediated immunity seen in lupus vulgaris, and weaker cell-mediated responses in scrofuloderma; tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is intermediate between the two.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of Nocardia species.

The in vitro activities of various quinolones, two new aminoglycosides, a new cephamycin analog (cefmetazole) and a new spectinomycin analog (trospectomycin), imipenem, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against 26 isolates of Nocardia asteroides, 7 isolates of N. brasiliensis, and 6 isolates of N. caviae were determined by a broth microdilution method. The three new quinolones, PD 117558, PD 117596 and PD 112739, inhibited 90% of N. asteroides at 1 to 2 micrograms/ml, and two new aminoglycosides, SCH 21420 and SCH 22591, inhibited 90% of N. asteroides at 2 to 4 micrograms/ml. Among the beta-lactams, cefmetazole was more active than imipenem. N. brasiliensis and N. caviae isolates were also very susceptible to the three quinolones (MICs for 50% of the isolates, 0.25 to 1 microgram/ml) and the two aminoglycosides (MICs for 50% of the isolates, 1 to 2 micrograms/ml). Cefmetazole was moderately active against N. brasiliensis, whereas imipenem showed poor activity against both of these species.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1993

Atrial natriuretic peptide in dumping syndrome.

The significance of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was investigated in the maintenance of the fluid volume in hypovolemia associated with dumping syndrome following gastric resection. The study was performed on 10 patients who had undergone a Billroth II procedure. Ten age- and sex-matched patients without previous gastric surgery served as control. Each patient underwent an oral glucose challenge. The patients with gastric resection underwent another glucose challenge with intravenous infusion to maintain the fluid volume. All patients with gastric resection showed subjective symptoms of the early dumping syndrome with significant (p < 0.001) increases (initial and maximum rates; mean +/- SD) in heart rate (from 70 +/- 3 to 122 +/- 4 beats/min) and in hematocrit (from 0.40 +/- 0.005 to 0.45 +/- 0.003). The plasma ANP level decreased significantly from 27.24 +/- 5.01 to 15.94 +/- 3.61 fmol/ml (p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between the changes in hematocrit and the changes in plasma ANP level (r = 0.68; p < 0.001). Neither the subjective symptoms characteristic of the early dumping syndrome nor changes in laboratory parameters were noted in the patients during the challenge with infusion. The results show that the hypovolemia in dumping syndrome is associated with a significant decrease in ANP activity. The regulation of ANP release is also affected: apart from the well-known stimulating effect of hypervolemia, there exists an inhibition of secretion in volume-depleted states.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1993

An eight year review of diseases in rural Rajasthan.

To study the pattern of various medical diseases seen during specialist medical rural practice, we undertook an analysis of 1362 consecutive cases seen over an eight year period at a rural centre in Rajasthan. Analysis showed that infective diseases e.g. tuberculosis, acute infections, and infection related diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, nervous system and heart formed the largest group with 724 patients (53.2%) as compared with chronic non-infective systemic diseases which were seen in 638 patients (46.8%). Cardiac diseases were seen in 306 patients (22.5%) which included 110 cases with ischaemic heart disease, 38 with hypertension, 110 with rheumatic heart disease, and 48 with other conditions. It is concluded that in rural practice acute and chronic infective diseases, and infection related illnesses (e.g. rheumatic heart disease) are more common than degenerative non-communicable diseases. Thus, more attention is needed in the field of infective diseases which are amenable to prevention and cure. Cardiovascular diseases form a sizeable majority of non-infective medical illnesses.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Awareness of cholesterol as coronary risk factor among general practitioners at Jaipur.

Widespread information about preventive measures has decreased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in developing countries. However this trend is not seen in India. Cholesterol and other lipoproteins play important role in CAD. In order to assess whether this information has reached General Practitioners (GP's) and their action regarding the recommendations of the US National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP), G.P.'s were assessed with the help of a questionnaire. The response rate to the questionnaire was 78.4% of the total G.P.'s of the city. The findings of the study were compared to the NCEP guidelines. Results indicate that, "Ideal", "High" and cholesterol levels dietary needing precautionary measures intervention (ie. 198.2 +/- 13 mg/dl, 256.1 +/- 32 mg/dl and 247.9 +/- 26 mg/dl respectively) were similar to the NCEP guidelines. Levels where therapy is recommended (ie 293.9 +/- 34 mg/dl) is significantly more than NCEP guidelines. Though 77.1% of doctors were aware of protective effect of HDL cholesterol (ie 51.1 +/- 6 mg/dl), routine measurement of lipid profile was undertaken by only 57.1% doctors with mean age of recommendation being 34.1 +/- 11.6. Routine dietary advice and cholesterol estimation was done in 71.4% patients with CAD and 67.3% of patients with hypertension and diabetes. Analysis of action taken falls short of the NCEP recommendations and indicates a need for intensive training of the G.P.s.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Lymphangiovenous malformation--a rare cause of giant retroperitoneal cyst.

A giant retroperitoneal cyst manifesting as congenital inguino-scrotal swelling to begin with, is reported. The abdominal swelling became clinically obvious at the age of five years because of rapid enlargement over a period of one month. A multiloculated cyst was revealed on preoperative ultrasonography. Intracystic hemorrhage necessitated emergency surgical exploration and excision. Histology of the cyst revealed lymph-angio-venous malformation.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1993

A short history of neuropathic arthropathy.

Neuropathic joint disease or Charcot joints are a chronic form of a degenerative arthropathy that is associated with decreased sensory innervation of the involved joints. Neuropathic arthropathies are considered to be an accelerated osteoarthritis that is precipitated by trauma to a joint not protected by its proprioceptive or nociceptive reflexes. This process continues until destruction of the joint occurs. The etiology of Charcot joints has varied throughout history as different diseases have become less or more prominent. Some of the offenders include diabetic neuropathy, tabes dorsalis, syringomyelia, and congenital indifference to pain. The morphology and pathogenesis of this condition has intrigued the minds of many, including Musgrave, Charcot, Virchow, Eloesser, Soto-Hall, and Key.

Arthropathy, Neurogenic↗
PubMed1993

Effect of feeding high fat, high fiber diet on brush border enzymes in mice intestine.

The effect of dietary fat content on brush border enzymes has been studied in mice intestine. The results obtained from 26 per cent fat (high fat; HF)-fed mice were compared with those fed 10 per cent fat (pair-fed; PF and ad libitum-fed). Brush border alkaline phosphatase (AP), leucineaminopeptidase (LAP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) activities were significantly enhanced while sucrase activity was reduced (P < 0.001) in HF group compared to the controls. Activities of lactase, p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-beta-D-glucosidase and PNP-beta-D-galactosidase were unaltered under these conditions. Kinetic studies with AP, sucrase and LAP revealed that changes in enzyme levels in response to HF diet were due to change in Vmax. Significant changes in enzyme activities as a consequence of HF intake were observed in enterocytes all along the crypt-villus unit as compared to the control group. These results indicated that feeding a fat-rich diet produced selective changes in brush border enzyme activities in mice intestine.

Animals↗