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Biomedical subjects

R Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R Gupta.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Coronary heart disease and coronary risk factor prevalence in rural Rajasthan.

To determine the prevalence of coronary risk factors and coronary heart disease (CHD) in rural Rajasthan, 1150 randomly selected individuals in a cluster of villages in central Rajasthan have been studied. These included 805 men and 345 women. The prevalence of various coronary risk factors in the whole group were: Smoking 488 (42.4%); Diabetes (history): 5(0.4%); Alcohol intake: 146 (12.7%); Sedentary lifestyle: 797 (69.3%); Stressful life events: 48 (4.2%); Hypertension (BP > or = 140/90) 152 (13.2%); obesity (BMI > or = 27 Kg/M2): 194 (10.9%); and Truncal obesity (waist:hip > or = 0.93): 20.8%. The overall prevalence of CHD was 46.1/1000. Patients with CHD had a higher prevalence of male sex (67.9 vs 51.5%); educated persons (30.2 vs 28.8%); businessmen (13.2 vs 10.2%); smoking (47.2 vs 40.5%); sedentary lifestyle (75.5 vs 62.3%); stressful life events (7.5 vs 4.8%); and hypertension (26.4 vs 14.8%). On the other hand, persons without CHD had higher prevalence of alcohol intake (10.8 vs 7.5%); regular prayers (23.1 vs 22.6%); physically active lifestyle (37.7 vs 24.5%); obesity (13.6 vs 6.9%), and truncal obesity (21.0 vs 20.0%). The following risk factors emerged significant on statistical analysis (Odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals): male sex (1.99, 1.04 to 3.7); hypertension (2.04, 1.01 to 4.09); male smokers (1.80, 1.28 to 4.09); and sedentary lifestyle (1.86, 1.01 to 3.59). This study shows a low prevalence of CHD in rural population which is however more than previously reported studies from India.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of hypertension and subtypes in an Indian rural population: clinical and electrocardiographic correlates.

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hypertension (systolic > or = 140 and/or diastolic > or = 90 mmHg) and its subtypes such as borderline isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > or = 140, diastolic < 90 mmHg), definite isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > or = 160, diastolic < 90 mmHg), isolated diastolic hypertension (systolic < 160, diastolic > or = 90 mmHg) and definite hypertension (systolic > or = 160 and diastolic > or = 90 mmHg or hypertensives on treatment) in a rural population of a developing country. We have conducted a total community cross-sectional survey in a rural population of western India. 3148 persons (1982 males and 1166 females), aged > or = 20 years were examined in a cluster of three villages in Rajasthan. These were grouped into various subtypes of hypertension according to the US Fifth Joint National Committee and Framingham Study guidelines. The overall prevalence of hypertension and its subtypes was 24% in males and 17% in females. There was an age related increase in the prevalence of hypertension in both males and females. Only 7% males and 8% females were aware of their high BP. On subclassification of hypertensives it was seen that in males 12% had borderline isolated systolic hypertension, 2% had definite isolated systolic hypertension, 70% had isolated diastolic hypertension and 16% had definite hypertension. In females 18% had borderline isolated systolic hypertension, 2% had definite isolated systolic hypertension, 53% had isolated diastolic hypertension and 17% had definite hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Hypozincemia in diabetes mellitus.

The present study was conducted on 20 age and sex matched healthy controls and 30 patients of diabetes mellitus. Serum zinc levels in diabetics were found to be significantly (p < 0.001) reduced as compared to healthy controls. There was no significant sex difference (P > 0.05) in serum zinc levels amongst diabetic patients and healthy controls. Hypozincema in diabetes mellitus may be due to altered zinc metabolism and oral zinc may have a role in therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A comparative evaluation of clinical examination, pelvic ultrasound and laparoscopy in the diagnosis of pelvic masses.

This is a prospective study conducted on one hundred female patients with pelvic masses. The diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination alone and in conjunction with ultrasonic examination was comparable (p > 0.05). However diagnostic accuracy of 92% with laparoscopy was statistically significant as compared to 68% of clinical examination (p < 0.001) and 76% of ultrasonic examination (p < 0.05).

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

Synthesis, DNA binding, sequence preference and biological evaluation of minor groove-selective N1-alkoxyalkyl-bis-benzimidazoles.

The synthesis and characterization of two groups of N1-alkoxyalkyl-bis-benzimidazoles are described. These groups of agents, that differ in the orientation of the N3-alkoxyalkyl group with respect to the minor groove of the DNA receptor, were designed to examine the structural requirements of molecular recognition of these minor groove-selective anticancer agents. The relative binding of the 12 agents to poly(dA-dT), determined by ethidium displacement in C50 values, ranged from 0.62 to 14.20 micrograms/ml. Sequence-preferential binding, established by complementary strand MPE.Fe(II) footprinting, was predominantly AT selective, but with significantly enhanced GC recognition in the cases of those ligands bearing an accessible pyridine N directed inwards to the minor groove. Binding site sizes were generally 5 +/- 1 base pairs. Cytotoxicities against KB human tumor cells ranged from 0.93 to 46.59 micrograms/ml. The most potent agent 6c, which also showed the strongest DNA binding, is of the 'r-inward-directed' type. The stringent structural requirements within the alkoxyalkyl R group for potency suggest additional specific interactions or chemical reaction of 6c within the groove that more than compensate for the increased steric hindrance.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1993

CC-1065 functional analogues possessing different electron-withdrawing substituents and leaving groups: synthesis, kinetics, and sequence specificity of reaction with DNA and biological evaluation.

Antitumor agent CC-1065 functional analogues possessing different electron-withdrawing substituents and leaving groups have been synthesized. The extent and the relative rates of DNA cleavage following alkylation by these CPI structures and thermal treatment were determined independently by an ethidium binding assay and by agarose gel electrophoresis experiments. The anticipated preferential covalent binding to adenine sites within the minor groove was confirmed by sequencing determination of selected agents on high-resolution gels. Certain of the synthetic agents, unlike CC-1065, also bind covalently to G sites with weaker intensity. The cytotoxicities of these compounds were also determined against KB cells in vitro. Compounds bearing a bromo or nitro group in the benzene ring and a methylsulfonyl as a leaving group are 10 and 5 times more potent than their unsubstituted counterparts, respectively. Compounds bearing a methylsulfonyl as a leaving group are more potent than those bearing a chlorine.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1993

Structure of the archaeal transfer RNA nucleoside G*-15 (2-amino-4,7-dihydro- 4-oxo-7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboximi dam ide (archaeosine)).

A number of post-transcriptional modifications in tRNA are phylogenetically characteristic of the bacterial, eukaryal, or archaeal domains, both with respect to sequence location and molecular structure at the nucleoside level. One of the most distinct such modifications is nucleoside G*, located in archaeal tRNA at position 15, which in bacterial and eukaryal tRNAs is a conserved site involved in maintenance of the dihydrouridine loop-T-loop tertiary interactions. G* occurs widely in nearly every branch of the archaeal phylogenetic domain, in contrast to its absence in all reported bacterial and eukaryal tRNA sequences. The structure of G*-15 is 2-amino-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboximidamide (7-formamidino-7-deazaguanosine), which is a non-purine, non-pyrimidine ribonucleoside; its structure thus reflects extensive modification beyond the guanine-15 specified by corresponding gene sequences. The structure was established by mass spectrometry, and in particular from collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of derivatives formed by microscale permethylation, and is confirmed by chemical synthesis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗