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Biomedical subjects

R Grover

Publications and source records attributed to R Grover.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Current sickle cell screening program for newborns in New York City, 1979-1980.

The newborn screening program mandated by the New York State Public Health Law requires that every baby born in the state be tested for eight conditions including sickle cell anemia. Although sickle cell screening of newborns has been in operation since 1975, the follow-up program for case retrieval to obtain repeat blood samples for definitive diagnosis and referral of diagnosed patients for ongoing medical care was established only in 1979. Of the 106,565 blood samples tested in New York City Newborn Screening Laboratory, March 1, 1979 to February 29, 1980, 141 infants were identified on repeat blood testing as having various forms of sickle cell disease (SS, SC and S beta-Thalassemia) and were referred for ongoing medical care. Data received on 131 patients from follow-up clinics revealed that the disease diagnosis made by the Newborn Screening Laboratory was confirmed in all patients. There were no deaths reported among the study patients (131 infants) followed for the period of 8-20 months despite the life-threatening complications among eight patients. Binomial distribution of the data on Black infants according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation showed reasonable agreement between the observed and computed incidence of various forms of sickle cell disease.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1981

Precursors of human colon carcinoma: a serial section study of colectomy specimens.

All polyps and strips of colonic mucosa 1 to 15 cm from tumor margins were examined for possible precursors of carcinoma in 24 patients undergoing partial colectomy for primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Of 114 polyps found, 40.4% were adenomatous, and the remainder were hyperplastic or inflammatory or showed normal mucosa. No primarily dysplastic lesions, which could be interpreted as early de novo carcinomas, were found. Serial sections of mucosal strips revealed minute adenomatous foci in 3 of 24 patients, one of whom also showed several patches of exclusively dysplastic epithelium. This finding suggest that carcinoma may rarely arise de novo, but most carcinomas appear to be accompanied by (? preceded by) adenomatous changes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of polyurethane foam as a trapping medium for herbicide vapor in air monitoring and worker inhalation studies.

Polyurethane foam was an efficient adsorbent for trapping vapors of butyl esters of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and triallate (S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate) in high volume air monitoring studies and of butyl esters of 2,4-D, iso-octyl ester of 2,4-D, n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), bromoxynil octanoate (2,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), triallate, and trifluralin (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) in short-term, low volume, worker inhalation exposure studies. The collected herbicide vapor was readily desorbed under soxhlet extraction with n-hexane and subsequently analyzed with electron-capture GLC. The overall efficiencies, for both trapping and extraction, were over 90%, using a single plug, for all herbicides, except triallate. In the case of triallate, two plugs in series were required for efficient trapping under the high volume air monitoring situation.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Isoelectric focusing of cells using zwitterionic buffers.

A simple method of isoelectric focusing of cells is described. The pH gradient, superimposed on a density gradient, is developed by generating opposing concentration gradients of two zwitterionic buffers. The method can be used as a cell separation technique or as a means of characterizing the cell type on the basis of the focusing pH. Focusing is rapid and thus the method is of special advantage in its application to cells.

Ampholyte Mixtures↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of the expanded newborn screening program in New York City.

Since September 1974, New York State public health law has mandated that all newborn infants be tested for phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, histidinemia, galactosemia, adenosine deaminase deficiency, and sickle cell anemia in accordance with regulations of the state commissioner of health. During the period from May 1, 1975, to April 30, 1976, a total of 110,180 babies born in New York City were tested for these seven conditions. One year's experience with the screening program demonstrated a paucity of technological problems, low observed rate of both false-negatives and -positives, and the expected incidence of the conditions of highest prevalence, incidentally found during screening: i.e., sickle cell traits, AS and AC. What is equally apparent in reviewing this first year's experience is the extent to which the New York State law, its structure, and implementation have fallen short of the ultimate objective. The major reason for this failure is lack of funds and facilities in the areas of education, case retrieval, continuing medical care, and counseling. This report is presented with the hope that it will benefit all involved in genetic screening and especially those concerned with establishing similar programs.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1977

Transient acantholytic dermatosis: a reevaluation.

Transient acantholytic dermatosis is a self-limited, primary acantholytic disease that occurs predominantly in persons over 50 years old. The primary lesions, discrete papules and papulovesicles, are distributed mainly on the chest, back, and thighs and may be intensely pruritic. The disease lasts less than three months in the majority of patients, but occasionally may go on for two or three years. Four distinct histologic patterns are present in the biopsy specimens, namely, Darier-like in which there is focal acantholysis and dyskeratosis overlying suprabasilar clefts; pemphigus vulgaris-like, in which there are a few acantholytic cells above discrete suprabasal clefts having a mostly intact overlying epidermis; Hailey-Hailey-like, in which there are numerous acantholytic cells overlying suprabasilar clefts; and, finally, spongiotic, in which a few acantholytic cells are present within, or contiguous with, spongiotic foci. Some cases show a predominance of one pattern, but more frequently two or more of these patterns can be found in a single biopsy specimen.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed1976

Residues of 2, 4-D in air samples from Saskatchewan: 1966-1975.

Residues of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in air samples from several sampling sites in central and southern Saskatchewan during the spraying seasons in the 1966-68 and 1970-75 periods were determined by gas-liquid chromatographic techniques. Initially, individual esters of 2,4-D were characterized by retention times and confirmed further by co-injection and dual column procedures. Since 1973, however, only total 2,4-D acid levels in air samples have been determined after esterification to the methyl ester and confirmed by gc/ms techniques whenever possible. Up to 50% of the daily samples collected during the spraying season at any of the locations and during any given year contained 2,4-D, with butyl esters being found most frequently. The daily 24-hr mean atmospheric concentrations of 2,4-D ranged from 0.01 to 1.22 mug/m3, 0.01 to 13.50 mug/m3, and 0.05 to 0.59 mug/m3 for the iso-propyl, mixed butyl and iso-octyl esters, respectively. Even when the samples were analysed for the total 2,4-D content, i.e. from 1973 onwards, the maximum level of the total acid reached only 23.14 mug/m3. In any given year and at any of the sampling sites, about 30% of the samples contained less than 0.01 mug/m3 of 2,4-D. In another 40% of the samples, the levels of 2,4-D ranged from 0.01 to 0.099 mug/m3. Only about 30% of the samples contained 2,4-D concentrations higher than 0.1 mug/m3, with only 10% or less exceeding 1 mug/m3. None of the samples, obtained with the high volume particulate sampler, showed any detectable levels of 2,4-D, indicating little or no transport of 2,4-D adsorbed on dust particles or as crystals of amine salts.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carcinoma of the lip in Auckland, New Zealand, 1969-1987.

We have retrospectively reviewed the case notes of 180 patients with carcinoma of the lip seen in Auckland between 1969 and 1987. The greater Auckland region is a geographically unique area as it comprises a modest European population (800,000 people) coupled with the largest Maori and Pacific Islander populations in the world (each of approximately 70,000 people). There were 158 patients with T1 lesions, 20 with T2 lesions, and 1 with T3 disease. Only one patient had nodal metastases at presentation. Management was primarily surgical in 138 patients, primarily radiotherapy in 25, and 14 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical excision. Primary surgical excision was associated with a 20% treatment failure rate (local recurrence and/or development of nodal metastases). Radiotherapy alone as primary therapy was followed by an 80% recurrence rate. When adjuvant radiotherapy was used after excision the failure rate was 21%. In those patients treated with local excision, the major factor predisposing to disease recurrence was the presence of a positive margin, and recurrence in cervical lymph nodes markedly worsened the prognosis. Overall, 83% of patients were alive and well at the time of the review, 7% were either dead of disease or alive with recurrent disease, and 10% were dead of other causes. We conclude from our data that good results can be achieved after surgery for lip cancer, providing negative margins are obtained, and that positive margins require early re-excision. Regional nodal disease infrequently follows complete excision of the primary lesion, but when it occurs it has an ominous significance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Environmental concentrations of agricultural herbicides: 2,4-d and triallate.

The herbicides 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and triallate [S-2,3,3-trichloroallyl di-isopropyl(thiocarbamate)] are extensively used to control broadleaf and wild oat (respectively) weed infestations in Canadian cereal crops. In 1990, for example, more than 3.8 million kg of 2,4-D and 2.7 million kg of triallate were applied in the three prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). Maximum air concentrations of these two herbicides during the summers of 1989 and 1990 near Regina, Saskatchewan, were 3.90 ng m(-3) (2,4-D) and 60.04 ng m(-3) (triallate). Concentrations of these two herbicides were also measured in bulk atmospheric deposition (wet plus dry) and in farm pond water and associated surface film. Maximum measured levels of 2,4-D were 3550 ng m(-2) d(-1) (bulk deposition), 332 ng m(-2) (surface film), and 290 ng L(-1) (pond water). Maximum levels of triallate were 2300 ng m(-2) d(-1) (bulk deposition), 212 ng m(-2) (surface film), and 500 ng L(-1) (pond water). The highest quantities of the herbicides tended to be found during or immediately after the time of regional application. The movement of the herbicides in the environment will be discussed in relation to the four matrices studied.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Chandigarh over a six year period.

A total of 6418 samples were received between January 1993 to December 1998 from patients with hepatitis. Blood samples were also collected from 946 apparently healthy subjects. All these samples were tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by third generation micro ELISA. The overall HBsAg prevalence rate was 12.8%. The highest prevalence was noted in renal transplant patients (21.7%) followed by patients with acute hepatic disease (15.3%), pregnancy with jaundice (9.4%), chronic renal failure (8.8%), nephrotic syndrome (3.1%), whereas the prevalence rate in control group was 2.4%. The prevalence rate of HBsAg was higher in subjects between 21 to 30 years of age with a male preponderance (Male:Female = 2.8:1).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bcl-2 expression correlates with favourable outcome in head and neck cancer treated by accelerated radiotherapy.

The aim of this study was to investigate bcl-2 expression in head and neck cancer patients and to investigate its correlation with biological and clinical characteristics and outcome of accelerated radiotherapy. A series of 93 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who had been uniformly treated with continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiation treatment (CHART) were investigated. These patients had also been injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) to measure cell kinetic parameters using flow cytometry (FCM) and their p53 protein status had also previously been described. Bcl-2 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Sixteen of the 93 (17.2%) patients stained positively for bcl-2 proto-oncogene. The percentage of positive tumour cells within the specimens was highly variable, ranging from a few percent to complete positivity. Bcl-2 positivity was correlated with improved local control (p > 0.0016) and survival (p > 0.012) in comparison with non-expressing tumours. There was no correlation between bcl-2 expression and histological grade, T stage or site but overexpressors were almost exclusively node negative. The significance of bcl-2 was reduced when node negative tumours were analysed alone. There was no correlation of bcl-2 with p53 expression but there was a trend for overexpression to be associated with diploidy and rapidly proliferating tumours. These data suggest that bcl-2 expression in head and neck cancer is not associated with disease progression.

Cell Division↗