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Biomedical subjects

R Grover

Publications and source records attributed to R Grover.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Management of acute splenic sequestration crisis in sickle cell disease.

Acute splenic sequestration crisis (ASSC) is a significant cause of early morbidity in children with sickle cell disease. With timely diagnosis and prompt transfusion, the outcome is good. However, recurrences are frequent, and both splenectomy and long-term transfusion therapy have been advanced as appropriate preventive approaches. We describe the diagnosis, management, and course of 15 patients with ASSC followed at the St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center Comprehensive Sickle Cell Program. Based on our experience, we recommend surgery after the first episode of ASSC in the child 5 years of age and older and the choice of a year or more of long-term transfusion therapy for the child under 3. With intensive education of the parents, and with close observation and individualized management of the patient, the overall prognosis may be improved.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Spleen dysfunction in hemoglobinopathies determined by pitted red cells.

Splenic dysfunction measured by pitted red cells (pit) was studied in hemoglobinopathies (SS-, SC-, and S beta-type thalassemias and CC-type hemoglobinopathy) in relation to age, in steady state, and during certain significant events. Our experience revealed that the pit count rose with age during steady state in most children with SS disease. A marked increase in pit count was noted in patients with CC disease. The pit count in four patients with S beta+ thalassemia remained normal (i.e., less than 3.5%) at all ages. In children with homozygous SS disease tested at the time of pneumococcal sepsis, the pit count was universally elevated. The pit count was in the normal range in one child with SS disease and osteomyelitis but was elevated in all others. All children had normal pit counts (less than 3.5%) at the onset of acute splenic sequestration crisis, and the counts remained normal during transfusion therapy. No correlation was detected between the pit count and the size of the spleen in patients under 1 year of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Functional effects of imipramine on the rabbit urinary bladder: an in-vitro study.

Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of certain voiding dysfunctions. Imipramine has a variety of pharmacological effects including direct antimuscarinic activity, inhibition of catecholamine reuptake, direct muscle relaxant, and calcium antagonism. Using the in-vitro whole bladder model we have studied the effect of imipramine on the rate and magnitude of both intravesical pressure generation and bladder emptying in response to field stimulation. The results can be summarized as follows: at concentrations as low as 1 mumol/l imipramine causes a significant inhibition of volume expulsion without significantly affecting pressure generation. Imipramine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of both pressure development and percent volume emptying; however, it was substantially more potent in inhibiting the ability of the bladder to empty than to generate pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Recruitment in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD).

The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) is a multiinstitutional investigation of the natural history of clinical course of sickle cell disease from birth through adulthood. The study is not a trial; rather, it involves data collection at 23 institutions in a uniform, standardized fashion on 3800 patients. Recruitment aspects that were addressed include issues related to recruitment of different age groups, ranging from newborns to pregnant women to patients over 50 years of age; the need to include mildly affected patients to ensure that the study would not reflect only a severe hospital-based population; recruitment from rural populations; and the need to screen and enter a newborn population at birth. The recruitment goal of entering 3200 patients, including 2100 patients with SS hemoglobinopathy, over a 24-month period was accomplished after 27 months.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Reversibility of splenic function by transfusion in two young adults with sickle cell anemia.

A level of circulating "pitted" or vesiculated red blood cells higher than 3.5% was recently reported in studies in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease to correlate with splenic dysfunction as shown by spleen scans. Reversal of splenic dysfunction by transfusion in children with sickle cell anemia (SS disease) is known to occur in the young child. We report two older patients with homozygous sickle cell disease, aged 17 and 21 years, whose spleen function, as measured by pit count, was restored to normal range after transfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Dermal exposure and urinary metabolite excretion in farmers repeatedly exposed to 2,4-D amine.

Following multiple exposures to 2,4-D amine salts under normal field conditions in which ground rigs were used, farmers who sprayed once or twice had an average dermal exposure of 655 micrograms 2,4-D acid equivalents (a.e.)/kg a.e. sprayed and an average cumulative urinary metabolite excretion of 10.9 micrograms 2,4-D a.e./kg a.e. sprayed. One very high outlier value was excluded from these averages (F). Following 4 to 7 exposures, the average cumulative dermal exposure was 1,077 micrograms 2,4-D a.e./kg a.e. sprayed and the average cumulative urinary metabolite excretion was 21.5 micrograms 2,4-D a.e./kg a.e. sprayed. The amount of 2,4-D metabolite in urine was significantly correlated with the amount of herbicide sprayed and the time required for the urinary metabolite excretion to return to background concentration was related to the amount sprayed and the number of exposures.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Newborn screening for hemoglobinopathies: the benefit beyond the target.

As a result of New York State's Newborn Screening Program 4,565 neonates with trait hemoglobinopathies were identified and 3,200 families were notified of the results of testing their infants in New York City in 1982. Of the 1,531 families (2,190 parents) tested and counseled, 22 parents were diagnosed with sickle cell disease and 39 couples were found to be at-risk for having a child with sickle cell disease. Amniocentesis was performed in 14 of the 28 at-risk pregnant women and three of the four affected pregnancies were terminated. MCH-331001-01 to 04

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1985

Procedure for the determination of 2,4-D and dicamba in inhalation, dermal, hand-wash, and urine samples from spray applicators.

Analytical procedures for the simultaneous determination of residues of 2,4-D and dicamba from polyurethane foam plug air samplers, ethylene glycol impregnated glass-fiber filter paper dermal samplers, 1% sodium bicarbonate hand wash solution, and urine are presented. Residues were derivatized with diazomethane and quantitated using electron capture gas chromatography. Recoveries were greater than 80% at the limit of detection in all substrates. The limits of detection for both herbicides were 0.1 microgram/foam plug and 0.5 micrograms/filter paper, and in the urine, 1.7 micrograms/100 mL and 5.0 micrograms/100 mL for dicamba and 2,4-D, respectively.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Combined use of autoradiography and enzyme histochemistry in studies on the mammalian testis.

Combined application of the methods of enzyme histochemistry and of autoradiography in one and the same section of tissue provides a method to achieve further informations on the individual cells. Prespermatogenesis and spermatogenesis in rodents with their well defined steps of development and very specific enzymatic patterns of each of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium were used as a model to study the double labelling with the aid of the enzyme reaction and labelling with 3-H-thymidine. The techniques applied in this study are described and discussed in detail. Possibilities to elucidate the regeneration mode of the seminiferous epithelium by means of this method are discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Pitfalls in diagnosis of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease.

The cases of three children with unusual features of osteomyelitis and sickle cell disease are presented. Two children had salmonella osteomyelitis, one with a recurrence 1.5 years after adequate intravenous therapy. In the second, the bone scan was negative despite verified disease. The causative organism in the third case was Staphylococcus aureus, and there was extensive bone involvement of the radius without symptoms, but with a positive bone scan. It is recommended that the possibility of osteomyelitis be entertained in a child with sickle cell disease whenever there are symptoms and/or objective findings referrable to bone. Radionuclide scans, when used in timely fashion, can assist in the diagnosis, but confirmation can best be achieved by the recovery of microorganisms through blood culture and/or bone aspirate. The choice, dosage, and duration of antibiotic therapy should be determined by causative organisms and by serologic titers.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1983

Current sickle cell screening program for newborns in New York City, 1979-1980.

The newborn screening program mandated by the New York State Public Health Law requires that every baby born in the state be tested for eight conditions including sickle cell anemia. Although sickle cell screening of newborns has been in operation since 1975, the follow-up program for case retrieval to obtain repeat blood samples for definitive diagnosis and referral of diagnosed patients for ongoing medical care was established only in 1979. Of the 106,565 blood samples tested in New York City Newborn Screening Laboratory, March 1, 1979 to February 29, 1980, 141 infants were identified on repeat blood testing as having various forms of sickle cell disease (SS, SC and S beta-Thalassemia) and were referred for ongoing medical care. Data received on 131 patients from follow-up clinics revealed that the disease diagnosis made by the Newborn Screening Laboratory was confirmed in all patients. There were no deaths reported among the study patients (131 infants) followed for the period of 8-20 months despite the life-threatening complications among eight patients. Binomial distribution of the data on Black infants according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation showed reasonable agreement between the observed and computed incidence of various forms of sickle cell disease.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1981

Precursors of human colon carcinoma: a serial section study of colectomy specimens.

All polyps and strips of colonic mucosa 1 to 15 cm from tumor margins were examined for possible precursors of carcinoma in 24 patients undergoing partial colectomy for primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Of 114 polyps found, 40.4% were adenomatous, and the remainder were hyperplastic or inflammatory or showed normal mucosa. No primarily dysplastic lesions, which could be interpreted as early de novo carcinomas, were found. Serial sections of mucosal strips revealed minute adenomatous foci in 3 of 24 patients, one of whom also showed several patches of exclusively dysplastic epithelium. This finding suggest that carcinoma may rarely arise de novo, but most carcinomas appear to be accompanied by (? preceded by) adenomatous changes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of polyurethane foam as a trapping medium for herbicide vapor in air monitoring and worker inhalation studies.

Polyurethane foam was an efficient adsorbent for trapping vapors of butyl esters of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and triallate (S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate) in high volume air monitoring studies and of butyl esters of 2,4-D, iso-octyl ester of 2,4-D, n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), bromoxynil octanoate (2,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), triallate, and trifluralin (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) in short-term, low volume, worker inhalation exposure studies. The collected herbicide vapor was readily desorbed under soxhlet extraction with n-hexane and subsequently analyzed with electron-capture GLC. The overall efficiencies, for both trapping and extraction, were over 90%, using a single plug, for all herbicides, except triallate. In the case of triallate, two plugs in series were required for efficient trapping under the high volume air monitoring situation.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗