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Biomedical subjects

R Grillot

Publications and source records attributed to R Grillot.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Specific antibody detection in human aspergillosis: a GEMO* multicentre evaluation of a rapid immunoelectrophoresis method (Paragon). Group d'Etude des Mycoses Opportunistes.

A new immunoelectrophoresis system, the Paragon system, was evaluated in three different hospital centres with the aim of improving standardization of the serodiagnosis of human aspergillosis. To select the most efficient antigen, various commercial and home-made antigens were first tested on 19 sera from 19 patients with highly probable aspergillosis. The value measured using the Paragon anti-Aspergillus antibody detection system was then compared with the results obtained by conventional serological diagnostic methods (conventional immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence): this step was performed using the first 19 sera as well as 16 other sera from 13 patients with suspected aspergillosis. Concordant results were obtained in 28 cases. The discrepancies observed with seven sera were probably related to differences in the nature of the antigens. Paragon immunoelectrophoresis proved to be a practicable technique requiring only a small amount of serum and giving results within a shorter time than competitive methods (24-48 h). Its major drawbacks compared with conventional immunoelectrophoresis are some difficulties in reading, fewer precipitin lines and the relatively high cost of routine analysis.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth inhibition of pathogenic yeasts by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro: clinical implications in blood cultures.

The interaction between yeasts and bacteria may have clinical implications in polymicrobial septicaemia. The in vitro effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on five pathogenic yeast species, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, was investigated. Yeast inhibition assays were performed in an aerobic blood culture medium, inoculated with yeast cells (inoculum 1-10 CFU ml-1) and bacterial cells (inoculum 10-10(7) CFU ml-1). Interactions between P. aeruginosa and yeasts were determined after incubation by enumeration of pure and mixed cultures. Growth of all isolates tested was completely or partially inhibited by P. aeruginosa in blood culture medium, the phenomenon depending on the yeast genus and bacterial inoculum. Suppression of fungal growth was also observed in bacterial culture filtrate. This in vitro antifungal activity may preclude yeast recovery from blood cultures in mixed infections.

Antibiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of malaria in non-endemic countries : value, limitations and complementarity of existing methods].

The biological diagnosis of malaria is urgent to avoid rapid and fatal outcome. Every year in France, 5,000 imported malaria cases are observed. Thin stained blood smear microscopical examination remains the reference method of diagnosis; however its performance is linked to the professional competence of the biologists. Thus easier methods have been developed (QBC test). Some of them, limited to the diagnosis of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum do not require highly skilled personal to perform or interpret (antigen detection on dipsticks, tests Parasight or cardboard, ICT Malaria Pf), but limitations and errors occurred. These different tests must be complementary methods of traditional diagnosis. In association with microscopical examinations, they provide rapid and efficient diagnosis of malaria in non-endemic areas. Relying on our experience, the best association is: QBC + thin blood smear and depending of results antigen detection (ParaSight F, ICT Malaria Pf).

France↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of local immunity in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis].

A LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY: Inhalation of fungal spores may cause infection and/or inflammation, which is dependent on the nature of the fungus as well as the individual's immune status. Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for a dramatic pathology, invasive aspergillosis (IA). IA has become a leading cause of death, mainly among bone marrow transplantation or solid-organ recipients, but also among AIDS patients. IMMUNE RESPONSE: The diversity of immune failure suggests that many lines of immunity are implicated in the A. fumigatus elimination process. Non specific immunity plays a major role in the defence against A. fumigatus, including three major lines: anatomical barriers, humoral components, phagocytic cells. But acquired immunity plays a role with different T-cell subsets and their associated cytokines. FUNGUS-HOST RELATIONSHIPS: The relationship between the fungus and its host is complex and could be again study to improve the prevention and the treatment of IA. The aim of this review is a synthesis of the knowledge about the immunity response against Aspergillus fumigatus in IA.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Emerging parasitosis ans mycosis: risk and threats for the new millenium].

For multiple reasons, the emergent infectious risks do not stop increasing these last twenty years. The climatic modifications and the human interventions modifying the biotope as well as the rapid spreading of resistant strains to treatments, generate re-emergence or emergence, all the more dramatic as the means of fight are reduced. These emergent or re-emergent diseases are extremely worrisome as their diagnosis and their prevention are often difficult. The important infesting power of parasites and the particularly effective capacities of adaptation of these eucaryotes contributed to the public health problems. Anthropozoonoses and zoonoses constitute a permanent risk the control of which is imaginary. The new pathogenic agents, the unusual clinical demonstrations in the context of deficiency of the host immune functions imply attentiveness and a permanent up to date of the knowledge of the biologist and of the different professionals of health. The risks with which are confronted the humanity during this century underline the necessity of determining mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis. The determination of the specific and vital biologic processes for the microorganism, could allow to define the most appropriated targets and the most effective and original means of fight.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive Fusarium infections: a retrospective survey of 31 cases. The French 'Groupe d'Etudes des Mycoses Opportunistes' GEMO.

A retrospective study was conducted in France to investigate Fusarium infections which are now recognized as emerging opportunistic infections. The clinical and mycological findings for 31 cases diagnosed between 1984 and 1993 by members of the French Groupe d'Etudes des Mycoses Opportunistes were analysed. All suffered from haematological disease, most often acute leucaemia (n = 19). Twenty-two had received cytostatic chemotherapy and ten had undergone bone marrow transplantation. Prolonged aplasia and pancytopenia were present in 18 and 11 patients, respectively. Skin (61%) and blood (42%) were the sites most frequently involved. Fusarium solani (n = 7), Fusarium oxysporum (n = 7), Fusarium verticilloides (n = 7) were the species most frequently isolated. Nine antifungal treatments were used, associated with colony-stimulating factors in five cases. None was unambiguously superior to all the others. The overall mortality was 51.6% with a specific mortality > or = 25.8%. The disseminated form of the infection was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.02) whereas improving granulocyte count improved prognosis (P < 0.001). More aggressive cytostatic regimens used for patients with haematological malignancies have favoured the emergence of Fusarium infections. As prognosis is closely correlated with neutrophil recovery, the promising results obtained with the use of colony-stimulating factors should be further evaluated.

Adolescent↗