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Biomedical subjects

R Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to R Goldstein.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Narcoleptic-like alterations of the sleep cycle in cats induced by a specific vasotocin antiserum.

A specific arginine vasotocin (AVT) antiserum (10 microliter) injected undiluted into the lateral ventricle of unanesthetized cats, induced sleep onset REM periods, markedly increased the number of REM periods, and dramatically decreased REM sleep latency. The amount of total REM sleep significantly increased and the amount of total NREM sleep significantly decreased. Neither a specific arginine vasopressin or oxytocin antiserum nor a normal rabbit serum injected undiluted into the lateral ventricle in the same volume (10 microliter) was able to reproduce the effects of the AVT antiserum. It is concluded that pineal AVT is physiologically involved in the induction and/or circadian organization of REM sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

REM sleep suppression in cats by melatonin.

The pineal indole melatonin, injected into the third ventricle of unanesthetized cats, induced NREM sleep within 11-15 min and suppressed REM sleep for about 3 hr. A dose-related effect could be established between 1, 10 and 100 ng melatonin. The reappearance of REM sleep at about 3 hr following melatonin administration occurred with a marked rebound. The present results further support the hypothesis that melatonin represents the releasing hormone for pineal arginine vasotocin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

REM sleep induction in prepubertal boys by vasotocin: evidence for the involvement of serotonin containing neurons.

The pineal nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) (100 ng/kg) administered intra-nasally (IN) to healthy prepubertal boys, dramatically increased the amount of REM sleep, decreased REM sleep latency, and induced REM periods at sleep onset. Neither arginine vasopressin (AVP) nor oxytocin administered IN at the dose of 100 ng/kg was able to reproduce the effects of AVT, demonstrating its high specificity. Methergoline, a selective central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor blocker, administered IN at the dose of 100 ng/kg, completely prevented AVT induction of REM sleep. Fluoxetine, a specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, administered IN at the dose of 25 microgram/kg, 10 min after AVT, greatly potentiated the effects of AVT in inducing REM periods at sleep onset and in increasing the amount of REM sleep and the percentage of dream reports. It is suggested that AVT induces REM sleep in prepubertal boys by interfering with 5-HT neurotransmission and that the high sensitivity of prepubertal boys to AVT reflects an immaturity of REM triggering centers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Infantile flexural seborrhoeic dermatitis. Neither biotin nor essential fatty acid deficiency.

The allegedly beneficial effect of biotin in the treatment of infantile 'flexural' seborrhoeic dermatitis was evaluated in a double-blind controlled study. No beneficial effect could be confirmed, and it is therefore unlikely that this disease is caused by biotin deficiency. Nor could this scaly dermatitis be ascribed to an essential fatty acid deficiency. Serum and adipose tissue fatty acids resembled each other and reflected the fatty acid composition of the diet.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Undergraduate marijuana use as related to internal sensation novelty seeking and openness to experience.

Used 148 male and 130 female college students as Ss and replicated and expanded upon previous findings in marijuana personality research. It was found that the greater the self-reported frequency of marijuana use across Ss, the higher the cores on creativity and adventuresomeness tests tended to be and the lower the scores on authoritarianism tended to be. Males were more frequent users than females; Jews more frequent users than Protestants or Catholics. A new variable, internal sensation novelty seeking, was found to be correlated with self-reported frequency of marijuana use. Self-reported length of marijuana use was not related to any of the major variables, with the singular exception that after 2 years of use, expressed boredom with the environment decreased significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Vasotocin, melatonin and narcolepsy: possible involvement of the pineal gland in its patho-physiological mechanism.

Both the pineal nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) (2.5 micrograms) administered intra-nasally and the pineal indole melatonin (50 mg) administered intravenously to three male narcoleptics (two with auxiliary symptoms and one with sleep attacks only), dramatically increased the amount of REM sleep and decreased REM sleep latency. The duration of the sleep onset REM periods in the two narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms increased by more than 100 percent after AVT and melatonin administration. In the narcoleptic with sleep attacks only both AVT and melatonin induced REM periods at sleep onset. The hypothesis is advanced that narcolepsy represents an impairment of the melatonin-AVT control in the induction and circadian organization of REM sleep associated with an immaturity of REM triggering centers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Middle component AERs from neonates to low-level tonal stimuli.

Ipsilateral and contralateral middle-component AERs (8-90 ms) were recorded from 20 normal neonates. AERs were elicited with either 500-Hz or 3000-Hz tone-pips presented monotically at 10, 30, and 50 dB HL. AERs also were obtained for silent control conditions. In general, latencies decreased and amplitudes increased with increasing stimulus level. Responses to 500-Hz tone-pips were larger than those for 3000 Hz. The results are similar to those obtained from adults. The neonates' middle-components, however, differ from those of adults in terms of the small contribution of the electroencephalic activity beyond 60 ms, and in the asymmetry between the ipsilateral and contralateral AERs.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1980

In vitro and in vivo reactivity and specificity of fractions from sonicates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis separated by gradient acrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Fractions of cell sonicates from the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis prepared by gradient acrylamide gel electrophoresis (GAGE) were examined by immunoelectrophoretic analysis and tested for biologic reactivity and antigenic specificity. Each was tested for the ability to elicit delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in the skin of guinea pigs sensitized with M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. intracellulare (Battey), M. scrofulaceum (Gause), and M. fortuitum. Peripheral lymphocytes from persons infected with mycobacteria were also exposed to fractions, and the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was used as an index of stimulation (lymphocyte transformation). Only 4 fractions (6, 11, 12, and 16) were found to be significantly more specific than the unfractionated sonicate, and none was monospecific for M. tuberculosis. The results of fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis suggested that incomplete separation of antigens and/or shared group-specific multideterminant antigens may have accounted for the observed cross-reactions.

Animals↗