Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to R Goldberg.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Diagnostic ultrasound: effects on the DNA and growth patterns of animal cells.

The effects of diagnostic levels of ultrasound on DNA of HeLa cells included: increased immunoreactivity to antinucleoside antibodies in G1 cells, strongly suggestive of unwinding of the helix or single-strand break induction, and low levels of non-semiconservative synthesis in logarithmically growing cells treated with hydroxyurea, indicating repair synthesis. In the C3H mouse cell line 10T-1/2, Cl 8, loss of contact inhibition with a criss-crossed growth pattern was seen. In one experiment, tumors developed in syngeneic mice at the site of injection of ultrasonically treated cells. Ultrasound in the diagnostic range appears to cause detectable effects on DNA and growth patterns of animal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Time trends in prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction: a population-based study.

A population-based study was conducted in metropolitan Baltimore, in which the prognosis of 504 patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (MI) from July 1966 through June 1967 was compared with that of 803 patients hospitalized from January through December 1971. For patients admitted to coronary care units (CCUs), the in-hospital case-fatality rate (CFR) in 1971 (20%) was found to be significantly lower than that in 1966/67 (27.5%) (p less than .025), after simultaneous adjustment for 16 variables which may affect prognosis. No such significant difference was detected for patients not admitted to CCUs when the two time periods were compared. As a result of these time trends, CFRs were not significantly different between CCU and non-CCU patients in 1966/67, but in 1971 a significant advantage was shown for CCU patients (p less than .005). These results suggest that effectiveness of CCUs in prevention of in-hospital deaths increased between 1966/67 and 1971. For hospital survivors, regardless of admission to a CCU, no significant differences in long-term prognosis were found between patients discharged in 1971 and those discharged in 1966/67. This finding may reflect the lack of major therapeutic advances between the two study periods, aimed at reducing the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and/or the extent of the infarcted area.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Increased circulating neutrophils with surface receptor activity for immunoglobulin G in polycythemia vera and myeloid metaplasia.

Reports of heterogeneity of IgG receptor activity of normal circulating neutrophils prompted measurements in myeloproliferative disease to determine if dysplasia of the hematic stem cell resulted in an abnormality of this membrane property. IgG receptors were assayed by rosette formation in suspension with human Rh-positive erythrocytes sensitized with high-titer Rh antiserum. IgG receptors were detected on 19 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- SEM) of neutrophils from 45 normal subjects. A significant increase in IgG-receptor-bearing neutrophils was found in polycythemia vera (PV) and myeloid metaplasia (MyM), with values of 70 +/- 3.6% and 69.7 +/- 4.3%, respectively. Normal values were observed in polycythemic states not due to myeloproliferative disease and in chronic myelocytic leukemia. Rosette-forming neutrophils were increased to 52.3 +/- 3.7% in infection and inflammatory disease, but this value was significantly lower than those in PV and MyM. Increased IgG receptors in PV and MyM may be related to the activated state of the neutrophil and may result from an intrinsic cellular abnormality of the proliferating clone or from altered bone marrow release. Quantitation of neutrophil IgG receptors may be of value in the differential diagnosis of PV and MyM and may offer insights into the derangement of hematopoiesis that underlies these myeloproliferative disorders.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1979

Length of time between hospital admission and ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction: effect on prognosis.

We performed a community-wide study in metropolitan Baltimore to examine the prognostic role of length of time between hospital admission and ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest (VFib/CA) complicating acute myocardial infarction (MI). Risk of developing VFib/CA was particularly marked in the first few hours after admission to the hospital. We compared 128 patients experiencing VFib/CA within 48 hours of admission and 80 patients developing these complications after more than 48 hours. Patients with "early" VFib/CA exhibited a lower in-hospital case-fatality rate than those with "late" VBib/CA (67% versus 88%; p less than .01). Likewise, of patients discharged alive from the hospital and followed for as long as six years a greater proportion of the 38 with histories of "early" VFib/CA survived than of the 11 who had experienced "late" VFib/CA during hospital admission (.05 less than p less than .10). These results suggest that whereas "early" VFib/CA may reflect transitory myocardial electrical instability, "late" VFib/CA may indicate chronic instability and thus imply a poor prognosis.

Heart Arrest↗
PubMed1978

Synthesis of trinitrophenylaminolauric acid and the use of its glyceryl esters for assaying lipase by a spectrophotometric procedure.

Trinitrophenylaminolauric acid was synthesized from omega-aminolauric acid and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and then condensed with glycerol to yield mono-, di- and triacylglyceryl esters of this acid. Hydrolysis of these glycerides was followed by isolation of the yellow fatty acid with the aid of one solvent extraction step and estimating its content by spectrophotometry. This procedure was used to assay the activities of lipases from hog pancreas, rat bile, microsomes of rat brain and Rhizopus arrhizus delamar.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Survival of patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction: a population-based study.

A population-based study was conducted in metropolitan Baltimore in which the short- and long-term prognosis of 283 patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction was compared with that of 953 patients with transmural infraction. After simultaneous adjustment for several variables, the in-hospital case fatality rate was greater for patients with transmural (30.1 percent) than with nontransmural (18.3 percent) infarction (P less than 0.01). However, for patients discharged alive from the hospital and followed up for as long as 10 years, no significant differences in survival were found between the groups with transmural and nontransmural infarction. A multiple adjustment procedure yield 3 year case fatality rates of 27.1 percent and 28.3 percent, respectively, for patients with transmural and nontransmural myocardial infarction surviving the acute phase. These results suggest that the long-term prognosis of patients with nontransmural infarction is as guarded as that of patients with transmural infarction and that attempts to prevent subsequent mortality should be diligently pursued in both groups of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of chloramphenicol binding to Escherichia coli 70S ribosomes by 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl-dinucleoside phosphates derived from the aminoacyl-tRNA acceptor terminus.

The effect of 2' and 3'-O-aminoacyl-dinucleoside phosphates cytidylyl(3'-5')-2'(3')-O-L-phenyl-alanyladenosine (I), cytidylyl(3'-5')-3'-deoxy-2'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine (IIa), cytidylyl(3'-5')-2'-deoxy-3'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine (IIIa), cytidylyl(3'-5')-3'-deoxy-2'-O-glycyladenosine (IIb), cytidylyl(3'-5')-2'-deoxy-3'-O-glycyladenosine (IIIb), cytidylyl(3'-5')-3'-deoxy-2'-O-L-leucyladenosine (IIc), cytidylyl(3'-5')-2'-deoxy-3'-O-L-leucyladenosine (IIIc), cytidylyl(3'-5')-3'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine (IIId) as analogs of the 2'(3')-aminoacyl-tRNA termini, on chloramphenicol binding to 70S Excherichia coli ribosomes was investigated. The association constants (Kb) of the investigated compounds were determined by the equilibrium dialysis method. Based on the constancy of Kb over the range of inhibitor concentration, it was determined that the binding site of the 2' isomers IIa-IIc overlaps with the chloramphenicol site, whereas the variability of Kb for the 3' isomers IIIb, IIIc and especially IIIa seems to indicate that they do not achieve a complete fit. The consistently higher values of the Kb values for the 3' isomers IIIa-IIIc relative to that of the 2' isomers IIa-IIc also indicate a stabilization of the binding of the former due to a specific interaction between its amino acid portion and a ribosomal site.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1977

Changes in hospital antibiotic therapy after a quality-of-use study.

During the first quarters of 1976 and 1977, the use of parenteral gentamicin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, and cephalothin was surveyed in 219 (in 1976) and 240 (in 1977) patients admitted to a surgical, a gynaecological, and a medical ward of a teaching hospital. In 1976, therapy was assessed as irrational in 42%, 50%, and 12% of the surgical, gynaecological, and medical patients, respectively; the corresponding figures for 1977 were 24%, 25%, and 22%. The more rational therapy in 1977 was due to a shorter duration of prophylactic therapy; and to fewer patients receiving oral antibiotics just before or after the parenteral antibiotic.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Severe coagulation abnormalities in Reye syndrome.

Coagulation studies were performed on 13 children with clinical diagnoses of Reye syndrome. Four had abnormalities so severe that transfusion of coagulation factors and platelets were required prior to percutaneous liver biopsy. In one of these, abnormalities frequently found in association with acute hepatic failure were present. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was noted in two, while in the fourth child laboratory data were most consistent with that process. Although the coagulation defect associated with Reye syndrome is most often due to decreased production of all coagulation factors except VIII, these patients demonstrate that consumption can also occur. The severity of the coagulopathies found indicates that bleeding can become a major complication in the diagnosis and management of Reye syndrome.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed1977

The educational challenge of consultation-liaison psychiatry.

The authors examine issues related to quality of psychiatric consultation-liaison education programs on the basis of data from the fiscal year 1975 NIMH review of grant proposals for 71 such programs. This category received the lowest percentage of approval (31 approved, 40 disapproved), which is seen as a reflection of the state of development of the field. Although this is a difficult field in which to teach and practice, the authors feel that the numbers and quality of consultation-liaison programs will grow over the next 10 years and that the proliferation of training programs for primary care physicians and the return of psychiatry to the mainstream of medicine will facilitate this growth.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1977

Stability of aspirin in propoxyphene compound dosage forms.

The stability of aspirin in propoxyphene compound capsules made by three manufacturers, stored under a variety of temperature and humidity conditions, was compared. The cotton packing was removed from 100-capsule bottles, and the containers were stored (capped) under the following conditions: 25 c37 C and 50 C at both high (90%) and low (10%) humidity. No desiccant was removed from the bottles if originally present. The products tested were Darvon Compound-65 (two formulations) (Lilly), SK-65 Compound (Smith Kline & French) and Dolene Compound-65 (Lederle). Under all conditions, the stability of aspirin in the SK-65 Compound product was greater than that of Darvon Compound-65 which in turn was greater than Dolene Compound-65. Further, the rate of aspirin decomposition was greater in the latter product than in the others.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1976

The development of criteria for evaluating psychiatric education programs.

During the last year, the Psychiatry Education Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health undertook an exhaustive review of 530 training proposals from 205 institutions. The scope of such an endeavor, as well as the desire to maintain peer review, necessitated the recruitment of 90 outside consultants. The need for consistency of judgment among a large group of site visitors gave rise to a document that detailed points of concern in the evaluation of psychiatric training programs. Broader dissemination of this document might be useful in a program's self-evaluation, and might further its understanding of the site-visit process. The result of many such evaluations should be the improvement of psychiatric education throughout the country.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1976

The effect of prostaglandin on iridial blood vessel permeability.

Light and electron microscopy is used to examine the effect of exogenous PGE1 on the permeability and reactivity of rat iridial blood vessels. Results show that topical PGE1 causes an increase in the permeability of iridial vessles to carbon particles (200 A diameter). The technique of carbon labelling is used to quantitate increases in permeability caused by varying concentrations of PGE1 (0.001-1.0 mg/ml). Regression analysis shows that there is a linear relationship (P less than 0.02) between carbon labelling and PGE1 concentration over the range of concentrations tested. In other experiments rats were treated with the systemic histamine liberator Compound 48/80, or with topical applications of histamine diphosphate in order to examine the effects of exogenous and endogenous histamine upon iridial blood vessel permeability. These procedures produce only minimal labelling of iridial vessels. It therefore seems likely that PGE1 has a direct effect on iridial vessels and does not act indirectly by bringing about the liberation of endogenous histamine.

Administration, Topical↗