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Biomedical subjects

R Gandelman

Publications and source records attributed to R Gandelman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Prenatal exposure to prednisone permanently alters fighting behavior of female mice.

Female mice born of mothers administered 100 microgram prednisone on Days 13-18 of gestation attacked a stimulus male significantly sooner following the commencement of testosterone treatment in adult life than did mice born of control mothers. In a second ed postpartum aggression as compared to controls. In both experiments females of the 100 microgram prednisone group showed a reduction in birth weight relative to controls. The effect on body weight did not persist since no differences were observed on Day 21 of life. The data show that prenatal exposure to prednisone permanently modifies the later intraspecific fighting behavior of female mice.

Aggression↗
PubMed1980

Gonadal hormones and the induction of intraspecific fighting in mice.

Recent data pertaining to the influence of gonadal hormones upon intraspecific fighting behavior of mice are reviewed. Contrary to previous findings, exposure to testosterone during the neonatal period of development is not necessary for the activation of fighting later in life by testosterone treatment provided that the adult treatment regime is chronic. Rather than 'organizing' the central nervous system, neonatal exposure to testosterone appears to render it more 'sensitive' to the aggression-activating property of that steroid; animals exposed to it early in life fight more quickly following the commencement of adult testosterone treatment. Other data have revealed that the position in utero of female fetuses relative to males determines to a significant extent the sensitivity of the adult female to testosterone. The responsiveness to the hormone of females contiguous to two male fetuses is enhanced. And finally, although estrogen does not activate fighting in normal adult females, it will do so if the female has been administered either estrogen or testosterone during early life. Females exposed to low levels of estrogen as neonates also will display aggression in adulthood when estrogen titres normally are high. These data suggest that for normal female-like behavior to develop, it is essential that the neonatal ovary be relatively quiescent.

Aggression↗
PubMed1979

Prenatal exposure to testosterone and its precursors influences morphology and later behavioral responsiveness to testosterone of female mice.

Prenatal exposure to testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone or progesterone significantly increased ano-genital distance of female mice. In addition, prenatal exposure to T or pregnenolone significantly reduced the duration of T exposure during adult life required to induce intraspecific fighting behavior. However, the most masculinized females, those exposed to T prenatally, still had significantly shorter ano-genital distances and required a longer exposure period to T in order to establish fighting than did prenatally oil-exposed male mice. Additional experiments revealed that pregnenolone augments later responsiveness to the aggression-promoting property of T only if it is administered during the prenatal period of development.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

Prenatal exposure to prednisone in humans and animals retards intrauterine growth.

Prednisone treatment for infertility and subsequent pregnancy maintenance in humans resulted in a significant decrease in the birth weight of full-term infants and a marked increase in the percentage of newborn infants weighing 2500 grams or less, that is, "light for dates" in comparison to control offspring. A parallel experiment with mice indicated that the reduction of birth weight was caused by exposure to corticosteroids rather than to maternal disease or malfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Spontaneous pup-killing by mice in response to large litters.

Primiparous lactating nice mice whose young were removed on the day of parturition were presented with foster litters of either 12 or 16 day-old young. The adults spontaneously killed young during Day 3-7 of the lactation period, killing more in the 16-pup than in the 12-pup litter. The lactating animal appeared to select the young to be killed on the basis of body weight. It killed significantly more young that were in the bottom half than in the top half of the weight range for its particular litter.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

A longitudinal analysis of maternal aggression in Rockland-Swiss albino mice.

Female Rockland-Swiss albino mice were treated for aggression during 6 successive pregnancies and lactation periods or until they ceased to re-mate. Fighting behavior was limited only to the lactation phase of each reproductive cycle. Although most animals exhibited fighting during every lactation period they completed, some exhibited fighting in some lactation periods but not in others. The intensity of aggression, as measured by the time spent fighting, was highest during the beginning of each lactation period and declined by the end of each period. Moreover, the intensity of aggression increased across the first 3 lactation periods and then declined on later lactation periods to a point below initial levels. Finally, the fighting behavior exhibited by multiparous animals was not due simply to previous fighting experience in that some multiparous mice exhibited postpartum aggression on the 6th lactation period in the absence of fighting experience during earlier lactation periods.

Aggression↗