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Biomedical subjects

R Galli

Publications and source records attributed to R Galli.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characterization of the difference between filtered back projection and ordered subsets expectation maximization in spect images using the Wavelet Transform].

Efficiency of reconstruction algorithms is important to guarantee quality of Nuclear Medicine tomographic images. The algorithms belong to one of two types: analytical or statistical. The Filtered Back Projection (BP) algorithm belongs to the first group and the Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) algorithm belongs to the second group. The aim of the present paper was to compare both algorithms by means of the Wavelet Transform (WT). This tool was selected because of its capability to divide the image into different frequency levels without losing information about their spatial position. The WT was applied on the Haar basis without decimation in order to compare matrixes of the same size. Attention was drawn to the relative presence of three typical perturbations: Poisson noise, annular artifacts that express a deficient correction to the planar uniformity and attenuation phenomenon. With these purposes, we studied homologue transversal slices of images of homogeneous distribution of activity. The OSEM algorithm not only greatly improves the filtering of the Poisson noise, but also diminishes the annular artifacts, mainly at the image zone that coincides with the rotation center. The intensity of the attenuation phenomenon was the same with both algorithms, except in the peripheral zone where OSEM showed a slightly higher activity than BP. These observations encourage our interest to continue applying the WT not only to identify the artifacts, but also to try to decrease their deleterious influence on Nuclear Medicine images.

Phantoms, Imaging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Labeling of leukocytes using stannous 99mTc-colloid in whole blood samples].

This paper presents the preparation of a radiocolloid that still makes it possible to label leukocytes using its phagocytosis capacity. Given that this function is exclusively of the white blood cells, not being exercised by other blood cells, the use of a stannous fluoride radiocolloid labeled with 99mTc (F2Sn-99mTc) was tested in order to label leukocytes in whole blood samples. Using cellular separation techniques in density gradients and acquisition of images in gamma camera of radioactivity distribution in Percol, it was observed that the white cells labeling achieved was selective and with high efficiency for leukocytes (in all cases, it was superior to 70%), optimal reproducibility, low cost and low cellular toxicity.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase isoforms in alcoholic liver disease.

gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GT) appears in serum in multiple forms; their significance and clinical utility in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases are still a matter of controversy. Electrophoretic separation of the multiple forms of gamma GT on agarose gel was performed in 20 alcoholic patients (six with cirrhosis and 14 with fatty liver) and the results compared with those obtained in 50 healthy volunteers, 43 patients affected with chronic hepatitis C, 36 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis and in 52 epileptic patients on long-term anti-epileptic medication. Multiple forms of gamma GT were separated into several bands (up to 11), labelled 0a, 0b, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b. In the alcoholic patients nine fractions were detected, and the electrophoretic pattern observed was significantly different from that observed in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic hepatitis C or posthepatitic cirrhosis. No differences were observed in the electrophoretic patterns in the alcohol abusers and epileptic patients. In alcoholic patients significant differences were observed in the electrophoretic patterns in relation to the degree of liver injury; the electrophoretic patterns in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and posthepatitic cirrhosis differed significantly. The separation of multiple forms of gamma GT has high sensitivity and good reproducibility. It may be proposed as a complementary test in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of aortic arch aneurysms with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest.

A patient with an aneurysm of the aortic arch is presented. The patient underwent successful surgical correction using deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest and preserving an aortic cuff including the supra-aortic trunks to facilitate the anastomosis with the prosthesis. Technical and tactical detail are also discussed.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Status epilepticus in chronically dialyzed patients treated with erythropoietin].

This paper describes the clinical features of two patients with chronic renal failure and uremic anaemia treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (9000 I.U. subcutaneously subdivided in 3 times weekly at the end of haemodialysis treatment) who developed seizures and status epilepticus. This treatment has unequivocal benefits but in some patients has been accompanied by elevated blood pressure leading to hypertensive encephalopathy with seizures. In fact, the correction of the anaemia results in a rise in packed cell volume with a consequent increase in blood viscosity, predisposing to increased vascular resistance and the development of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery in infancy.

Two cases of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the pulmonary artery (PA) are reported in which early surgical correction was achieved by an end-to-end anastomosis of the left subclavian artery (LSA) to the LCA, with cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermia. The clinical improvement was rapid and the left ventricular function recovered almost completely. We recommend this type of surgical correction, early in life, for infants in severe cardiac failure and anomalous origin of the LCA.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The antibacterial activity of a new 3-azinomethyl-rifamycin.

The new 3-azinomethyl-rifamycin, SPA-S-565, was shown to exert an effective antibacterial activity in vitro comparable to that of rifampicin. In fact, the antibacterial activity of SPA-S-565 against numerous Gram-positive cocci belonging to Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species as well as against 20 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was similar to that of rifampicin. In Swiss albino mice intraperitoneally infected with Staphylococcus aureus Oxford strain or Streptococcus pyogenes, the protective activity of SPA-S-565 and rifampicin was quite remarkable, and no significant difference was noted between the two antibiotics. In M. tuberculosis-infected mice treated with the antibacterial agents every seven days, the protection exerted by SPA-S-565 was significantly greater than that exerted by rifampicin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relation between neurologic damage and collateral circulation detected by Doppler CW in occlusive pathology of the internal carotid].

76 patients affected by acute ischemic encephalopathy due to i.c.a. occlusion have been examined through a Doppler nosography, in order to evaluate the influence of the type of collateral circle on the neurologic damage. Collateral circles between the external and internal carotid arteries were established through the ophthalmic artery in 80% of cases (A) and through the Willis circle in 70% of cases (B). Those two types of compensation do not seem to have prognostic value with regard to disability; on the contrary a remarkable difference was observed in the type of pathology (A = Stroke 40%, RIA 60%; B = 77%, RIA 23%).

Adult↗