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Biomedical subjects

R Galli

Publications and source records attributed to R Galli.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Importance of metabolic disorders and endocardial viability ratio in the prognosis of open-heart operations. Experimental study of the pig heart protected by potassium cardioplegia in hypothermia].

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of potassium cardioplegia in general moderate hypothermia, in five pigs, after 90 minutes of myocardial ischemia induced by extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and aortic clamping. The behaviour of subendocardial supply demand ratio (DPTI/TTI), of CSBF (coronary sinus blood flow) and numerous hemodynamic parameters was evaluated in addition to lactate myocardial metabolism changes, at rest, after 90 minutes of total ECC and during a 60 minutes reperfusion period. The reperfusion period included two phases: during the first (15-20 minutes) the animals were in ECC with unclamped aorta; spontaneous circulation was instituted during the second one (40 minutes). A marked increase in CSBF was observed at aortic clamp removal during the first phase (post ischemic reactive hyperemia). Coronary sinus lactate release was also noted, probably due to wash-out of previously sequestered acid metabolites during aortic clamping (90 minutes). At the onset of the second phase a depressed left ventricular performance and low DPTI/TTI values were shown. A rapid return (20 minutes) to normal values of this parameter was then noted. DPTI/TTI normalization results strictly correlated to the progressive improvement in myocardial performance. Hypothermic potassium cardioplegia seems therefore to prevent the irreversible myocardial damage and favour a fast recovery of cardiac function.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Surgery of truncus arteriosus in the first 2 years of life. Analysis of a consecutive series of 22 patients].

At the Laennec Hospital in Paris, between 1976 and 1980 twenty-two children with Truncus Arteriosus Communis (TAC) underwent primary total repair during the first twenty-four months of life, according to the technique described by McGoon in 1968. All infants operated before the age of three months (group A: 7 patients) were in severe cardiac insufficiency with respiratory distress. Eleven patients (group B) were electively operated between four and nine months of age. Only four patients (group C) underwent surgical treatment after twelve months and before twenty-four months of age. The hospital mortality was very high in group A, because of the severity of the preoperative conditions. In three patients who underwent total repair at eight and eighteen months of age respectively, irreversible pulmonary hypertension (stage IV according to Edwards classification) was the cause of death. In our experience, severe postoperative myocardial ischemia was often associated with complete atrio-ventricular block (BAV): the possible causes are discussed. Furthermore, all patients, to a variable extent, had some manifestations of left ventricular (LV) insufficiency, which was always reversible after medical treatment. For several days, almost systematically, mechanical ventilation is necessary after a total repair of TAC. The result in the nine surviving patients is excellent: they had a strictly normal life, without any therapy. In conclusion, we believe that elective surgery for TAC can be performed more safely between six and nine months of age: if medical treatment cannot control heart failure, surgery must be performed urgently in order to avoid severe ventilatory disturbances. After twelve months of age, total repair is performed only if a pulmonary biopsy confirms the possibility of regression of the pulmonary vascular lesions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Spontaneous chylopericardium. A case report (author's transl)].

The AA report an isolated case of chylopericardium in an 11 years old female as anomalous communication between the thoracic duct and pericardium. The origin of this clinically asymptomatic effusion was observed after lynphography, where, two months later a simple surgical drainage was applied without success. A positive result was obtained by a new surgical procedure which consisted of a pleuro pericardial window. The AA. emphisise on a very rare case of spontaneous pericardial effusion not accompanied by lynphatic stasis in other districts (only 32 observations in Literature). An accurate lynphographic study is obligatory once the nature of the liquid has been accertained in order to avoid a certain recurrence when a simple drainage is applied.

Child↗
PubMed1980

[Cardiac metabolism in angina patients before and after aorto-coronary bypass].

The haemodynamic indices proposed by Buckberg et al. have been used to evaluate total coronary flow and its distribution to the subendocardial tissue. The following conclusions were drawn from the data obtained in humans and in experimental pathology: 1) in regional ischaemia (angina, myocardial infarction), the DPTI/TTI ratio expresses the degree of subendocardial hypoperfusion with fair approximation, although it has some theoretical limitations, 2) in total myocardial ischaemia, as occurs during ECC, the index provides an accurate picture of the subendocardium and a useful idea of the real effectiveness of the means of myocardial protection.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1979

[Value and limits of urinary protein electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the evaluation of glomerular nephropathies].

Qualitative analysis of urinary proteins is contrasted with histological findings of 45 renal biopsies performed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Compared to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and immunoelectrophoresis, a method using polyacrylamide gel after sodium dodecylsulfate treatment makes for more refined and objective differentiation of protein abnormalities. On the whole, proteinuria of the selective glomerular or physiological type predominates in the event of minimal change or membranous lesions. The non-selective type is found more frequently with diffuse proliferative or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (p less than 0.025). There are, however, too many exceptions to this rule to allow certainty, and a precise diagnosis of the particular type of glomerulonephritis is thus only possible histologically. Each type of histological involvement may cause almost any of the qualitative abnormalities of proteinuria. On the other hand, qualitative analysis of urinary proteins is useful for the detection of glomerulonephritis. A glomerular type of proteinuria may sometimes reveal involvement of kidneys at a time when, quantitatively, there is no proteinuria. In cases of orthostatic proteinuria a persistent glomerular type of tracing in recumbency suggests an organic kidney ailment. All patients in this series had a glomerular type of proteinuria when excretion was pathological, thus allowing a distinction from pure tubular involvement. 10 patients of the group, however, although they clearly had glomerular lesions (3 were diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis) showed perfectly normal proteinuria both quantitatively and qualitatively. This was the case in systemic lupus erythematosus where kidney biopsy was performed without clinical suspicion of renal involvement. In summary, qualitative abnormalities of proteinuria call attention to underlying glomerulonephritis, although no distinction can be made between the various forms and there may be no detectable abnormality even in the event of major kidney involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to influenza A and B and parainfluenza type 1 in sera of patients.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of antibodies to influenza A/Hong Kong/1/68, influenza A/Victoria/3/75, influenza B/Hong Kong/5/72, and parainfluenza type 1 viruses. Development and standardization of the method indicated that an acetone-ethyl alcohol mixture was a suitable fixative for the preparation of the solid-phase coupled antigen. The addition of sodium azide to the enzyme-conjugated solution and the concentrations of the enzyme-conjugate antiglobulin and test sera employed were all critical factors in the success of the ELISA procedure. The ELISA test was specific; there was no cross-reaction between influenza A and B or parainfluenza type 1 viruses. The concordance between ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition results suggested that both tests probably detected the same type of antibodies. The ELISA procedure was 8 to 64 times more sensitive than complement fixation and/or hemagglutination inhibition tests. Low levels of antibody in patients' sera were detected only by the ELISA test. During the course of the testing period false positive reactions were not encountered. The results of ELISA could be obtained within 3 h. The ELISA test required a very small amount of serum and, therefore, offered an opportunity to detect the presence of maternal antibodies to influenza viruses in blood collected from infants by heel prick.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

[Infectious endocarditis in patients with intracardiac prosthesis (author's transl)].

Infectious endocarditis involving intracardiac prosthesis continues to be a common and dangerous complication of cardiac surgery, but the incidence and severity of the disease are probably underestimated in this country. 14 cases of prosthetic endocarditis observed in a 5 years period are reported in this paper. 7 were early cases and 7 late cases. Etiology, clinical course, and pathological lesions, were similar in the two groups, while mortality was higher in the first group (100%) than in the second (85%). Delay in the diagnosis, negative blood cultures in a third of all cases, and doubts in indications for surgery, were the main reasons for a higher mortality than usual. Only one patient was reoperated on, unsuccessfully, but no patient who had not improved after two weeks of correct antibiotic treatment, survived; such cases, especially if diagnosis has been late and/or blood cultures negative, should be reoperated on without delay. The greatest efforts should be made in the prevention of the disease and, in particular, pre-operative and late post-operative prophylaxis should become more rigid and systematic.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

[Insulinomas].

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Adenoma, Islet Cell↗