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Biomedical subjects

R Gal

Publications and source records attributed to R Gal.

143 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Transplacental effect of a 15% olive-oil diet on functional activity of immune components in the spleen and colon tumors of rat offspring.

We studied whether feeding pregnant female rats a 15% olive-oil diet affects the activity of lymph cells in the spleen and tumors in offspring with chemically-induced colon tumors. Rat mothers were fed either a 7% corn-oil or a 15% olive-oil diet. Five-week-old male offspring were divided into 3 groups. A control group was fed the 7% corn-oil diet similar to their mothers. The experimental group I was fed the 7% corn-oil diet whereas their mothers were fed the 15% olive-oil diet. The experimental group II was fed the same 15% olive-oil diet as their mothers. Experimental rats were injected weekly for 8 weeks with the carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), 20 mg/kg b.w. Results of experiments were studied 6 months later. The area of zones in the spleen responsible for producing B and T lymphocytes were measured and the number of cells counted. The activity of lymphoid elements of the spleen and of tumors were studied using immunohistochemical methods for evaluating the synthesis of CD8(+) lymphocytes and proliferative activity of lymphocytes in spleens and tumors. Feeding pregnant or lactating mothers with the 15% olive-oil diet had no marked tumor-protective effect on chemically-induced colon cancer in offspring. Diet-dependent changes were found at the cellular level. In the spleen of control offspring, the presence of a tumor was accompanied by an increase in the number of Ki-67(+) cells and CD8(+) lymphocytes in the red pulp. In experimental group I, DMH significantly increased the total cell number and the number of CD8(+) lymphocytes in the red pulp of the spleen in both tumor-bearing and tumor-free rats. In experimental group II, the total number of lymph cells and the number of CD8(+) lymphocytes increased compared to offspring fed a control diet. Tumor formation activated the proliferative activity of lymph elements. The total number of cells in infiltrates of the colon mucosa decreased in tumor-bearing rats compared to tumor-free counterparts, and this was seen in all three dietary groups of rats. In tumors from offspring of experimental group II, only the number of CD8(+) lymphocytes increased compared to those in offspring of experimental group I. The findings indicate that feeding mothers the 15% olive-oil diet had a cancer-inhibiting role in offspring, predominantly changes at the cellular level.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uveitis, a presenting symptom of malignant histiocytosis.

A patient presenting initially with bilateral uveitis was admitted 6 weeks later to the Department of Internal Medicine "A" because of fever, chills, and pancytopenia. Physical examination, ultrasonography and CT scan revealed hepatosplenomegaly only, without lymphadenopathy. A bone marrow trephine biopsy showed areas with a dense infiltrate of abnormal cells, displaying many mitotic figures. Some of the cells resembled better differentiated histiocytes and contained hemosiderin pigment or phagocytosed erythrocytes. Immunohistological tests confirmed the diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis (MH). A survey of the literature revealed two other cases with uveitis and MH.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased propensity for amyloidogenesis in male mice.

BACKGROUND: The male sex is a risk factor for reactive amyloidogenesis in several disease entities. Environmental, socioeconomic or genetic factors may underlie this male preponderance. This study was aimed at discovering whether male sex predisposes to reactive amyloidosis also in mice and to elucidate some of the hormonal associations of this risk. METHODS: Male and female Swiss mice were subjected to an established amyloid induction protocol and the amount of their splenic amyloid was determined and compared. The effect of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and adrenalin on amyloidogenesis was studied in both sexes by administering these hormnones during amyloid induction and comparing the amount of splenic amyloid of the study mice with the control mice which received the amyloid induction protocol alone. RESULTS: Amyloid deposition appeared to be more abundant in male mice. This gender difference was not associated with any of the 3 sex hormones tested. Despite an expected increment, adrenalin caused an attenuation of amyloid deposition. CONCLUSIONS: The preferential expression of reactive amyloidosis in male mice seems to be unrelated to the common sex hormones. Increased production of other hormones such as adrenalin, or perhaps an augmented susceptibility to their effect, may cause gender differences by suppressing female amyloidogenesis. Our study favors the hypothesis of genetic predisposition as the mechanism leading to sex differences in amyloidogenesis. Further validation of our findings in gonadal ablated models and other amyloid induction protocols is warranted.

Amyloid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human prostatic tissue constituents respond differently to thermal injury induced by Nd-YAG laser ITT fiber applied ex-situ.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The human prostate is a glandular organ that has intervening fibromuscular elements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermocoagulative effect on the different components of the organ exposed to Nd-YAG laser irradiation using a new ITT optic fiber design (Interstitial Thermal Therapy). STUDY DESIGN/PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve fresh transvesical prostatectomy specimens were irradiated ex-situ at 4 to 6 sites using an ITT fiber with laser energies ranging from 900 to 4500 joules (J) applied at times ranging from 60 to 300 seconds corresponding to 10 to 15 watts. The specimens were serially sectioned to include the proximal, mid and distal regions of the centrally coagulated channel. An ocular grid was utilized to measure the radius (r) of thermal injury from the margin of the centrally coagulated channel to the furthermost detectable area of thermally induced changes. RESULTS: The maximal extent of thermal injury was seen at the mid-length of the irradiated channel at energy of 2700 J (15w/180 sec). The fibromuscular compartment of the prostate was more affected (r = 855 microm) and showed more interstitial vacuolization and charring than the adenomatous one (r = 495 microm). Utilization of higher energy doses did not significantly alter the depth of injury but did reduce the extent of interstitial vacuolization of both components. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that the extent of laser induced coagulative necrosis depends on the histologic architecture of the prostate and also varies in extent along the length of the channel surrounding the fiber.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localized amyloid tumor of the tongue. A case report and review of the literature.

Amyloid is usually deposited in the tongue, as a part of generalized amyloidosis. Isolated localized amyloidosis of the tongue is relatively rare. We report such a case which presented with glossodynia and glossopyrosis and was thought clinically to represent median rhomboid glossitis. Histologically the amyloid stained positively with Congo-red giving green birefringence under polarized light, was not abolished after permanganate pretreatment and did not react immunohistochemically for amyloid A, beta 2 microglobulin and transthyretin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The potential value of the demonstration of thyroglobulin by immunoperoxidase techniques in fine needle aspiration cytology.

The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for the demonstration of thyroglobulin was performed on 30 fine needle aspiration smears. All of the benign thyroid lesions plus the papillary and follicular carcinomas of the thyroid were positive for thyroglobulin. Two cases of metastatic thyroid carcinoma in lymph nodes were also positive. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and ten control smears from various other tissues were negative. This proves the sensitivity and the specificity of the method, which may be used in routine cytology and may add to the accuracy of diagnosing metastatic tumors suspected of being of thyroid origin. The intranuclear cytoplasmic vacuoles in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid were negative for thyroglobulin. This unexpected finding is demonstrated, and a possible explanation is offered.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland. Cytologic and histopathologic study.

Ductal carcinoma is an uncommon tumor of the salivary glands. Histopathologically, it is characterized by the presence of intraductal and infiltrative neoplastic components, morphologically resembling mammary carcinoma. A case of ductal carcinoma of the parotid gland, in which preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed, is presented. Cytologic examination of the aspirate revealed naked nuclei featuring anisokaryosis, chromatin clumps and clear vacuolar zones.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scrape cytology assessment of margins of lumpectomy specimens in breast cancer.

In cases of breast carcinoma in which only lumpectomy is performed, it is necessary to ascertain that the surgical margins were adequate, i.e., free of tumor. Since the histologic methods used for this purpose are either unreliable or very cumbersome, scrape cytology was evaluated as a method for the examination of lumpectomy margins. In 30 cases examined both cytologically and histologically, a very good correlation was found between the two methods. The scrape cytology method has the advantage of being much easier and quicker and is thus recommended for routine use.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytodiagnosis of a spindle-cell tumor of the breast using antisera to epithelial membrane antigen.

A case of an unusual breast tumor is described in which the smear from a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy caused difficulty in differentiating between a spindle-cell carcinoma and a sarcoma. The problem was resolved by the immunoperoxidase demonstration of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in the cells, thus enabling a definitive diagnosis of spindle-cell carcinoma to be made. This case further demonstrates the utility of demonstrating EMA in FNA specimens to distinguish between epithelial and nonepithelial neoplasms.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry in a case of intrathoracic thyroid goiter.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in the case of a patient with an anterior mediastinal mass. Examination of the smears revealed individual and groups of benign nondiagnostic cells. Surgical removal and histologic examination indicated that the mass was a true intrathoracic thyroid goiter. Subsequent immunocytochemical studies on the FNA smears showed thyroglobulin in the cytoplasm of the aspirated cells. The cytologic findings are presented; while not diagnostic of a thyroidal origin in this case, they serve as a reminder of the wide range of cytologic appearances of colloid nodules and goiters. This case will hopefully heighten the awareness of cytologists and other physicians to the consideration of the possibility of intrathoracic goiter in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal lesions seen in fine needle aspirates.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nucleolar organizer regions in breast cytology material.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) by the argyrophil NOR (AgNOR) technique on scrape cytology on breast lumps. STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 112 breast lumps that were sent for frozen section and included fibrocystic disease (52 cases), fibroadenomas (15 cases) and carcinomas (45 cases). Scrape cytology was performed on each case, and the number of AgNOR dots was recorded for 50 cells and the mean value calculated. RESULTS: The mean AgNOR counts were statistically significantly higher in malignant lesions in comparison to either fibroadenomas or fibrocystic changes. CONCLUSION: The AgNOR technique could be of use in cytologic material as an adjunct to fine needle aspiration of breast lesions.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extremely active murine amyloid enhancing factor.

OBJECTIVE: To generate and characterize a highly active amyloid enhancing factor (AEF). METHODS: AEF was obtained from amyloidotic and pre-amyloidotic mice spleens that were homogenized in 50% acetone in H2O. The grade of AEF enhancing activity was studied in relation to the procedure used to generate the AEF, the amount of AEF administered, the duration of amyloid induction and the effect of solvent and denaturing agents. RESULTS: Both priming of the splenic source of the AEF with an amyloidogen and acetone processing were essential for the AEF activity. AEF in a single intravenous dose as low as 1 nanogram per mouse induced amyloidosis in mice within 2-6 days. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the AEF showed two protein bands of molecular weight (MW) 9-11 KD not present in normal spleen homogenates. Dialysis of the AEF showed that the active components can pass through a dialysis bag with an MW cutoff of 12 KD. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ours is the most active AEF currently available and that it has active constituents of low MW ( < or = 12 KD) which appear in the spleen during amyloidogenesis.

Amyloid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 protein in chemically induced colon cancer in rats fed corncob fiber treated with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

The role of apoptosis, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 protein in the preventive effects of dietary fiber treated with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus on rat-colon tumorigenesis was studied. Tumors were induced by five subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), 20 mg/kg rat, once a week. Rats were fed a semi-synthetic fiberfree diet (control) or a high-fiber diet (15%) derived from corncob treated or non-treated with the fungus. The rats we sacrificed 24 weeks after the first carcinogenic injection. The fungus treated corn-cob significantly decreased tumor incidence (to 26%) as compared to 44% and 57% in the other dietary groups. The apoptotic index (AI) significantly decreased in malignant tissue as compared to non-tumorous tissue. PCNA and cytoplasmic content of p53 protein exhibited an increasing trend in malignant tissue as compared to benign tissue (at 15% and 18%, respectively). The fungus-treated corncob significantly increased the content of p53 in the cell cytoplasm (to 33%) and its serum levels in tumor-bearing rats (to 38%). The cellular concentration of PCNA decreased to 61% in tumors obtained from rats fed the fungus-treated corncob as compared to controls. A high positive correlation was found between tumor grade and p53 protein in the serum (r = 0.97) or in the cell cytoplasm (r = 0.77) and between tumor grade and PCNA (r = 0.81). An inverse relationship was found between tumor grade and AI (r = -0.63). We found that 15% of corncob fiber alone seems not to be enough to prevent chemically induced tumorigenesis. The corncob fiber (15%) treated with the fungus had a significant protective effect against DMH-induced rat colon cancer, even at 15% and this effect was accompanied by the activation of some cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis, PCNA and p53 protein activation. Incubation of corncob with the fungus Pleurotus os, increased the dietary fiber content up to 78%. Thus corncob inhibits colon cancer development, and, therefore, may considered of potential use to the public.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Initial TPS serum level as an indicator of relapse and survival in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) measures a soluble fragment of cytokeratine 18 and may be regarded as a proliferative marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TPS was measured in 173 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer. Median follow up time was 36 months. Of 137 evaluable patients 39 developed metastases (P.D.) and 98 remained with no evidence of disease (N.E.D.). RESULTS: Initial TPS levels were elevated in 75% of P.D. patients compared to 32% of N.E.D. patients (p < 0.001), CEA levels were elevated in 26% of P.D. patients had elevated initial TPS compared to 35.5% of N.E.D. patients (p < 0.001), CEA was elevated in 33.3% of the P.D. patients compared to 1.3% of N.E.D. patients (p < 0.001). Survival and disease free survival were significantly shorter for patients with initial high TPS level. TPS was more sensitive than CEA in predicting relapse. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that TPS may be a prognostic factor for relapse and may help to allocate Dukes'B2 patients for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Adult↗