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Biomedical subjects

R Finn

Publications and source records attributed to R Finn.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Case report: the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced computed tomography in acute bilateral renal cortical necrosis.

Acute bilateral renal cortical necrosis is a relatively rare cause of acute renal failure accounting for only 2% of cases in the Western World. The pathophysiology of this condition is complex, but ultimately leads to the destruction of the renal cortex with sparing of the renal medulla. A definitive diagnosis is based on renal histology. In this report we describe a patient in whom this diagnosis was made using contrast-enhanced computed tomography as renal biopsy was contraindicated.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

Food intolerance.

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Food Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1994

Food intolerance.

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Food Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1993

Phase I dose-escalation trial of iodine 131-labeled monoclonal antibody OKB7 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Eighteen patients with recurrent or refractory CD21-positive, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated in a phase IA dose-escalation therapeutic trial of iodine 131 labeled to a fixed dose of OKB7. METHODS: Individual doses of 30 to 50 mCi of 131I on 25 mg OKB7 were administered 2 to 3 days apart to achieve four total 131I-OKB7 dose levels of 90, 120, 160, and 200 mCi. Pharmacology, dosimetry, therapeutic effects, toxicity, human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response, and maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) were determined. Patients were evaluated by imaging studies (including whole-body gamma camera or single-photon emission computed tomography [SPECT] scans), flow cytometric analysis, bone marrow biopsy, and serial blood sampling. RESULTS: Median plasma and whole-body half-lives (T1/2) were 16 hours and 14 hours, respectively. Plasma and whole-body radiation doses were 0.0081 Gy/mCi and 0.0022 Gy/mCi, respectively. Specific tumor visualization was noted in eight of 18 patients. HAMA was detected in 12 of 16 patients. Nonhematologic toxicity was limited to asymptomatic elevations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in five of 15 patients. Hematologic toxicity was observed in six of 18 patients, but was severe in only two patients. MTD in patients with diffuse lymphomatous bone marrow involvement was determined to be 200 mCi in four divided doses of 50 mCi 131I/25 mg OKB7. Antitumor activity was observed in 13 of 18 patients (one partial response [PR] and 12 mixed responses) and was dependent on the 131I-OKB7 dose administered. In general, palpable peripheral lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleens, skin lesions, and circulating OKB7-positive peripheral lymphocytes responded most readily to treatment. 131I-OKB7 was safely administered to a patient in leukemic phase of NHL with prompt subsequent loss of approximately 1 kg of tumor cells from the peripheral blood without associated tumor lysis syndrome. CONCLUSION: Because antitumor activity with tolerable toxicity was observed in the majority of this group of heavily pretreated patients, phase II investigation of mAb OKB7 radioconjugates in the therapy of NHL is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Iododeoxyuridine uptake and retention as a measure of tumor growth.

Iodine-131-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) uptake and retention was measured in two C6 glioma cell lines (C6m and C6a) with different growth characteristics. Animals with intracerebral (i.c.) C6a tumors had a mean survival of 16 days, whereas only 1 of 20 animals with i.c. C6m tumors died during an 8-wk period of observation. The growth of i.c. C6m tumors could be described by the Gompertz equation; tumor doubling time increased from 1.9 to 5.2 days between Days 8 and 16 after tumor inoculation. Corresponding measurements of 131I-IUdR uptake and retention (24 hr after IUdR administration) by i.c. C6m tumors were also time-dependent and decreased from 0.075 to 0.027 to 0.011 %dose/g in 8-, 10- and 16-day-old tumors, respectively. Iodine-131-IUdR uptake in "rapidly growing" i.c. C6a tumors was substantially higher (0.30 %dose/g at 24 hr) than that in "slowly growing" i.c. C6m tumors and corresponded with differences in the survival data. Subcutaneous C6a tumors had comparable high uptake values (0.49 %dose/g at 24 hr), and 93% of total tumor radioactivity was recovered in DNA 24 hr after IUdR administration. Clearance of radioactivity was rapid in nonproliferative tissues; more than 80% of plasma radioactivity was cleared in 24 hr. Tumor-to-cortex radioactivity ratios ranged from 100/1 to 120/1 and 150/1 between 24, 48 and 96 hr after IUdR injection respectively. A "washout strategy," which reduces tissue background activity and increases specificity for PET and SPECT imaging of IUdR-DNA incorporation, is possible with longer-lived radioisotopes of iodine.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

HIV infection in Maryland public psychiatric facilities: results of an informal survey.

The Maryland Psychiatric Society (MPS) Public Psychiatry Committee, concerned with the preparedness of Baltimore mental health facilities to deal with the accelerating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, surveyed public sector mental health facilities. The survey results indicated that the number of HIV-infected patients is greatly underestimated. Care providers acknowledged awareness of the problem and wanted more education.

Baltimore↗
PubMed1992

Food allergy--fact or fiction: a review.

Food sensitivity is a common condition presenting with various clinical syndromes including migraine, urticaria, gluten enteropathy, Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome. It is a heterogeneous condition affecting different organ systems and is also aetiologically diverse with subgroups due to allergy, pharmacological reactions, enzyme deficiencies and psychological causes. Clinical acceptance of food sensitivity has been delayed by the use of dubious diagnostic techniques by a minority of practitioners and the lack of laboratory diagnostic tests, but several double blind studies have now fully validated the existence of food sensitivity syndromes. More widespread recognition of food sensitivity would be cost effective for the National Health Service.

Food Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1992

Primary glomerulonephritis and hydrocarbon exposure: a case-control study and literature review.

A case-control study was undertaken to investigate the possible role of chronic hydrocarbon exposure and tobacco and alcohol consumption in the causation of primary glomerulonephritis. Exposure to hydrocarbons and the consumption of tobacco and alcohol were assessed blindly by telephone interview and questionnaire in 55 patients with end-stage renal disease due to biopsy-proven primary glomerulonephritis in whom there had been no evidence of systemic disease. This was compared with 55 normal subjects matched for age, sex, social class and residential area and a comparable internal control group of 45 patients with end-stage renal disease secondary to systemic disease, diabetic nephropathy or chronic pyelonephritis. Hydrocarbon exposure scores derived from the results of the questionnaires were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the patients with primary glomerulonephritis than in the normal subjects and the internal control group. Moreover, more detailed assessment of the type of hydrocarbon exposure showed significantly greater exposure of patients with glomerulonephritis to petroleum products (p < 0.001), greasing/degreasing agents (p < 0.01) and paints/glue (p < 0.05), and a resulting estimated relative risk of developing glomerulonephritis with each type of hydrocarbon exposure of 15.5, 5.3 and 2.0. Those patients with heavy hydrocarbon exposure (hydrocarbon score > 25,000) had a significantly higher serum creatinine at presentation than those with mild to moderate exposure, suggestive of more advanced renal disease. However, there was no significant difference in tobacco and alcohol consumption among subjects in different groups. We conclude that occupational exposure to hydrocarbon is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of primary glomerulonephritis and that the risk of developing glomerulonephritis is greatest in those subjects exposed to petroleum products.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Technical challenges associated with the radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies utilizing short-lived, positron emitting radionuclides.

Many factors, both physical and chemical, affect the radiolabeling of a chemical compound. These factors add a new dimension of complexity when the labeling of monoclonal antibodies is attempted with short-lived, positron emitting radionuclides. A lack of appreciation for the unique chemical separations associated with the radionuclide incorporated into the synthetic precursor can often lead to unexpected or non-reproducible results.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Radioimmunodetection of neuroblastoma with iodine-131-3F8: correlation with biopsy, iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine and standard diagnostic modalities.

Iodine-131-3F8, a murine IgG3 monoclonal antibody specific for ganglioside GD2 was evaluated by radioimmunoscintigraphy in 42 patients with neuroblastoma. Comparison was made with 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scans, as well as computed axial tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Iodine-131-3F8 detected more abnormal sites (283) than [131I] MIBG (138) or 99mTc-MDP (69), especially in patients with extensive disease. In 20 patients with soft-tissue tumors demonstrated by CT/MRI, 131I-3F8 detected the disease in 18. Upon surgical resection, two tumors interpreted as negative with 131I-3F8 imaging revealed ganglioneuroma, one showing microscopic foci of neuroblastoma. In contrast, 131I-3F8 imaging identified tumors that were confirmed histologically as neuroblastomas. In 26 patients with evidence of marrow disease by antibody scans, 14/26 had confirmation by iliac crest marrow aspirate/biopsy examinations. We conclude that 131I-3F8 scintigraphy has clinical utility in the management of patients with neuroblastoma by improving the sensitivity of tumor detection.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1990

Serum antibodies reactive with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in inflammatory bowel disease: is IgA antibody a marker for Crohn's disease?

Sera from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have been evaluated for antibodies reactive with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (anti-Sacc antibodies) using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). IgG anti-Sacc antibodies were detected in 63% (25/40) of CD patients, compared with 15% (4/27) of UC patients (p less than 0.001) and 8% (5/60) healthy adult controls (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of detectable IgG anti-Sacc antibodies in adult patients with coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, irritable bowel syndrome or atopic eczema was not significantly different to controls. In comparison, the prevalence of detectable IgG anti-Escherichia coli antibodies was not significantly different between CD (75%) or UC (79%) patients. More particularly, elevated levels of serum IgA anti-Sacc antibodies were detected in 17/40 CD patients, but in none of the 27 UC patients. These data confirm that serum antibodies reactive with S. cerevisiae are strongly associated with CD and further show that serum IgA anti-Sacc antibodies may be specific for this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Positron emission tomographic imaging of cardiac sympathetic innervation and function.

Sites of uptake, storage, and metabolism of [18F]fluorodopamine and excretion of [18F]fluorodopamine and its metabolites were visualized using positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning after intravenous injection of the tracer into anesthetized dogs. Radioactivity was concentrated in the renal pelvis, heart, liver, spleen, salivary glands, and gall bladder. Uptake of 18F by the heart resulted in striking delineation of the left ventricular myocardium. Pretreatment with desipramine markedly decreased cardiac positron emission, consistent with dependence of the heart on neuronal uptake (uptake-1) for removal of circulating catecholamines. In reserpinized animals, cardiac positron emission was absent within 30 minutes after injection of [18F]-6-fluorodopamine, demonstrating that the emission in untreated animals was from radioactive labeling of the sympathetic storage vesicles. Decreased positron emission from denervated salivary glands confirmed that the tracer was concentrated in sympathetic neurons. Radioactivity in the gall bladder and urinary system depicted the hepatic and renal excretion of the tracer and its metabolites. Administration of tyramine or nitroprusside increased and ganglionic blockade with trimethaphan decreased the rate of loss of myocardial radioactivity. The results show that PET scanning after administration of [18F]fluorodopamine can be used to visualize sites of sympathetic innervation, follow the metabolism and renal and hepatic excretion of catecholamines, and examine cardiac sympathetic function.

Animals↗