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Biomedical subjects

R F Canalis

Publications and source records attributed to R F Canalis.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Parotitis and facial nerve dysfunction.

Paralysis of the facial nerve in association with suppurative parotitis is rare, with only ten previously reported cases. In some situations, inflammation surrounding a benign neoplasm accounted for the observed paralysis. In this article, three new cases of parotitis with associated facial nerve dysfunction are described, none of which was associated with a neoplasm. In one, an occult abscess was present and in another an aggressive necrotizing process was seen. The treatment of this disease should initially be conservative management with high doses of wide-spectrum antibiotics. In the majority of cases, resolution of the facial paralysis should follow. However, persistence of a parotid mass with continued facial palsy mandates surgical exploration to exclude the presence of an underlying neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Scanning electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis of vascularized periosteal autografts.

This study was devised to investigate the morphologic and biochemical sequence of events occurring during early periosteal osteogenesis in vascularized periosteal flaps. A pleuroperiosteal flap based on the intercostal vessels was developed and rotated onto the chest wall in 12 adult dogs. Animals were sacrificed at intervals between 7 and 60 days, and the flaps were removed with the underlying muscular bed. Specimens were studied by tetracycline uptake, gel electrophoresis, light microscopy, and the scanning electron microscope. Osteoprogenitor cells were seen as early as 7 days after transfer. Collagen fiber deposition was vigorous and noted in all specimens with rapid mineralization by 9 to 15 days. There was no structural or vascular interaction between the flaps and the recipient muscular bed. Gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of type I and III collagen, with an increase in type I collagen over time. The pattern of collagen deposition and the final bony architecture resembled that of woven bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Otologic manifestations of AIDS: the otosyphilis connection.

Five cases of otosyphilis presenting in patients with HIV infection are discussed. The group is representative of the known stages of the disease, from asymptomatic carrier to the fully expressed immunodeficiency syndrome, and it is of relevance because otosyphilis appears to have developed at an accelerated rate from the primary infection. Four patients had been treated with penicillin 2 to 5 years previously and had a positive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. The fifth had concurrent neurosyphilis and was VDRL-test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) negative 2 years prior to the onset of symptoms. In all five patients, syphilis was in the latent stage. It is proposed that it is during this phase of the disease that HIV may alter its course and hasten the development of otosyphilis. It is also suggested that otosyphilis can present at any stage of HIV infection and should be considered in seropositive patients presenting with otologic complaints.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Preservation of hearing in cholesteatomas with inner ear invasion.

Two cases of inner ear destruction by cholesteatoma are presented. There was total demineralization of the cochlea in one and significant vestibular destruction in the other. Eradication and exteriorization of the disease was accomplished with preservation of hearing in both cases. Safe management was enhanced by aggressive infection control and accurate surgical planning aided by current imaging techniques. The factors which protect auditory function in these lesions remain unclear. However, the site and extent of the disease as well as local tissue reaction leading to separation of the inflammatory process from the sensory epithelium appear to play a significant role in preservation of hearing despite the presence of invasive, destructive disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma cell tumors of the head and neck.

This communication discusses seven cases of plasma cell tumors isolated to the head and neck and reviews the pertinent literature. Five of the cases presented were located in the nasal passages and the paranasal sinuses, one in the temporal bone and one in the mandible. Because these neoplasms may signal the presence of multiple myeloma, full evaluation is required to exclude disseminated disease. Thereafter, the treatment of choice is high-dose radiotherapy with life-long follow-up. Radiographs and paraprotein levels may be used to assess tumor control or dissemination. Should new lytic lesions occur, or an elevation in paraprotein levels be noted, consideration should be given to further irradiation or systemic chemotherapy. Surgery is reserved exclusively for diagnostic purposes or when severe functional disability intervenes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The fixation of malar fractures with the transnasal Kirschner wire.

Our experience with a rapid and reliable method for the repair of selected unstable malar fractures using external pin fixation is reported. Following reduction through a Gillies temporal incision, a Kirschner wire is introduced on the contralateral side, advanced through the nasal vault and septum and the reduced malar bone is engaged. This method of immobilization can be used in isolated malar fractures or in conjunction with the repair of other facial injuries. In 38 patients where this procedure was utilized, there was low morbidity as well as excellent cosmetic and functional results. The advantages of this technique as well as a comparison with other available methods of malar fixation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Surgical trauma to the lateral semicircular canal with preservation of hearing.

Surgical trauma to the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) is a rare complication which does not always result in cochlear damage. The authors present six such cases, discuss the histopathological findings of one case, and review 12 previous reports. Transient cochlear depression with normalization of function within 6 weeks of trauma occurred in most instances. Vestibular symptoms were pronounced and, although compensation was not delayed, positional dizziness and instability usually persisted for several months and occasionally for a year or more. Histopathological findings (two specimens) were significant for obliterative scarring of the LSC at the site of injury and for the structural integrity of the labyrinth and cochlea. The mechanism of cochlear protection in these cases remains obscure; however, clean injuries away from the ampullary end of the canal occurring in patients without preexisting inner ear disease appear to have a better prognosis. Intraoperative closure of the defect, postoperative bed rest, and antibiotics are the basic elements of management.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gunshot injuries of the temporal bone.

Concurrent with the increase in handgun crime in the United States is a rising incidence of gunshot wounds to the temporal bone. These injuries present challenging diagnostic and management problems to the otolaryngologist. A timely multicenter review of this entity revealed 22 cases evaluated and treated by the authors between 1975 and 1984. A wide variety of injuries were encountered, involving anatomic structures within or contiguous with the temporal bone. These included: eight intracranial injuries; 11 traumatized facial nerves; seven vascular wounds; 19 mastoid, middle, or inner ear injuries; and 11 cases of damage to the external auditory canals. A rational scheme for immediate and long-term management of each type of injury is outlined. Illustrative cases representing vascular, neural, temporal bone, and central nervous system injury are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Otogenic pneumocephalus.

Fifty-four previously reported cases of otogenic pneumocephalus were analyzed in addition to five new cases which are presented in detail. Forty-one males and 18 females were included with 95% of the patients being over 12 years of age. The most common presenting symptom was headache, and the ventricular system was the intracranial space most commonly involved. Tension pneumocephalus was present in 40 (66%) cases. Trauma (36%) was the most common etiologic factor, while otitis media (30%), otologic surgery (30%), and congenital defects (2%) accounted for the rest. The overall mortality was 12% with all patients succumbing to causes other than pneumocephalus. Because of its lack of specific symptoms, pneumocephalus was usually unsuspected and the diagnosis made only after radiographic evaluation. Despite its rarity, pneumocephalus has to be considered whenever the dura is violated, especially if associated with a CSF leak. Management depends on the degree of tension, symptomatology, and underlying cause. When associated with trauma or surgery, bedrest and close monitoring may suffice, although needle aspiration or re-exploration may be needed. When secondary to otitis media or a congenital defect, control of any infection and repair of the defect are mandatory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Osteogenesis in vascularized periosteum. Interactions with underlying bone.

This study is the first in a series of experiments undertaken to obtain basic information regarding the behavior of vascularized periosteum. Ten adult dogs were used and in each animal costal periosteum was alternatively placed in contact with normal (but previously detached) rib, and rib segments devitalized by autoclaving, decorticated, and isolated by means of a Silastic wrap. Specimens were harvested at 10, 20, 40, and 70 days and were evaluated grossly, histopathologically, and by tetracycline hydrochloride fluorescence studies. Periosteum in contact with intact bone became osteogenic within 20 days. Periosteum in contact with autoclaved and decorticated bone also became osteogenic but at a slower rate. Isolated periosteum failed to produce bone. These findings indicate that osteogenesis in transferred periosteum depends not only on maintenance of its vascular supply but also on its proximity to viable bone and its ability to interact with the recipient surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Studies on the osteogenic potential of vascularized periosteum: behavior of periosteal flaps transferred onto soft tissues.

We investigated the basic properties of vascularized periosteal autografts. A pleuro-periosteal flap based on the intercostal vessels was developed in a canine model. Fourteen animals had vascularized periosteal flaps rotated onto the soft tissues of the chest wall. These animals were killed at intervals of 7 to 90 days and the flaps were studied by tetracycline labeling and light microscopy. Four other animals had similar flaps transplanted onto the soft tissues of the neck by microvascular techniques. All harvested flaps showed periosteal bone production, leading to the following observations: Osteogenesis begins as early as 7 days after grafting; the rate and extent of periosteal osteogenesis is proportional to the vascular supply; bone formation starts in small foci of active osteoblasts that grow and become confluent; and intimate bony periosteal contact is not necessary for periosteal osteogenesis to take place, but it appears to influence the rate and amount of bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Kawasaki disease in adults. An otolaryngologist's perspective.

Kawasaki disease has been recognized for more than 15 years in children, but it is only recently that adult cases have been known to occur. One such case is reported herein. The cases of previously described adult patients are reviewed in depth, emphasizing the otolaryngologic findings. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings with prominent fever, oropharyngeal erythema, dermatitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy. The underlying lesion is a vasculitis and treatment is mainly supportive, although aspirin seems to have some value in the prevention of cardiac complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Value of computed axial tomography in severe laryngeal injury.

Two cases of severe laryngeal injuries were evaluated by computed axial tomography (CT). Results of these studies correlated well with surgical findings and were helpful in planning structural repair. Axial views obtained by laryngeal CT were distinctly superior to the bidimensional picture obtained by polytomography. In addition, the method proved more advantageous than contrast laryngography, which is often impossible to perform in the presence of massive swelling.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A method for the assessment of osteoneogenesis in experimental bone grafts.

There is a simple approach to objective quantification of osteogenesis in experimental head and neck bone grafts. The method is based on direct and precise graft measurements using routine histologic techniques and microphotographs. It has proved valuable in the study of cases in which new bone production occurs in layers, eg, in onlay bone grafts and periosteal osteogenesis. It is not practical when new bone formation is irregular or multicentric. The method is introduced to be used in conjunction with available techniques, eg, tetracycline hydrochloride labeling and roentgenography.

Animals↗