Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Evans

Publications and source records attributed to R Evans.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic directions in acute inpatient psychiatric nursing.

BACKGROUND: The role of nurses in caring for acute psychiatric inpatients has traditionally been a holistic one, involving one-to-one nurse-patient relationships and the therapeutic use of self. Over the years, a more medical model has emerged, including cognitive-behavioural therapy and monitoring of medication. At the same time, there has been a reaction against the 'observation culture' that has existed in many hospitals. This article considers the best way forward for psychiatric nursing. CONCLUSION: A psychosocial model seems to provide the most promising framework for the development of psychiatric inpatient nursing. However, this must not be at the expense of the traditional holistic, humanistic approach that is valued by patients, carers and nurses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Punching the clock.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Employment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dose-dependent and time-dependent pharmacokinetics in the dog after intravenous administration of dextrorphan.

The disposition of dextrorphan after single ascending iv doses and multiple iv dosing regimens was studied in Marshall beagle dogs. A dose-dependent decrease in plasma clearance was observed after the administration of single iv doses of 0.88 mg/kg, 2.64 mg/kg, and 8.8 mg/kg of dextrorphan (i.e. mean plasma clearance values +/- SD were 100 +/- 25 vs. 68 +/- 28 vs. 48 +/- 20 ml/min.kg, respectively; p less than 0.001). Upon multiple dosing, the plasma clearance of dextrorphan increased in a time-dependent fashion for the two highest doses, approaching values observed for the 0.88 mg/kg/day iv dosing regimen. Female dogs exhibited a greater increase in plasma clearance with time. For all dogs, however, dextrorphan plasma clearance approached or exceeded hepatic plasma flow rate, suggesting the possibility of extrahepatic metabolism or elimination. Modest dose- and time-dependent changes in the steady-state volume of distribution of dextrorphan also were observed. The AUC of the conjugated metabolites of dextrorphan decreased in a time-dependent manner for the 8.8 mg/kg/day dosing regimen. The nonlinear kinetics of dextrorphan after iv administration appeared to occur only after potentially toxic dosing regimens of dextrorphan hydrochloride. We postulate mechanisms to explain the dose- and time-dependent kinetics of dextrorphan observed in the beagle dog.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allergy to laboratory animals in health care personnel.

Lab animal allergy is a frequent affliction of health care and research personnel whose work involves contact with lab animals. It affects up to 30% of those who are exposed directly and even some workers exposed indirectly, often unwittingly. The consequences of LAA may be severe, including disabling asthma and loss or attenuation of a career. Although recognized for many years, the working-out of the fine details about animals antigens, extracts, and diagnosis and treatment regimens is still far from finished. Not one prospective study longer than one year has been reported, although at least three are underway. It is hoped that information from these studies will contribute to the knowledge about the true incidence of LAA, exposure dose-response, and sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of possible contributory factors such as atopy. The consesus of opinion is that, until the full significance of possible predictive factors is known, judgments concerning employment based on these factors should be avoided. Finally, there is a great need for increased emphasis on the development and objective evaluation of preventive measures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The therapeutic efficacy of murine anti-tumor T cells: freshly isolated T cells are more therapeutic than T cells expanded in vitro.

Adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) involving transfer of tumor-sensitized T lymphocytes in combination with cyclophosphamide (CY)-injection results in the eradication of the C57BL/6J (B6) rhabdomyosarcoma, 76-9 and is associated with the accumulation of a large number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Using immune spleen cells (ISC) from B6 and congenic B6. PL. Thy-1a mice, it was shown that most (> or = 97%) of the TIL were donor-derived. This in situ increase in donor-derived T cells was confirmed by using positively-selected Thy- 1.1+ and Thy- 1.2+ TIL for AIT after isolating them from regressing tumors and expanding them in rIL-2. The extent of CD8+ TIL expansion in vivo correlated with the numbers of TIL adoptively transferred and this in turn determined the degree of anti-tumor effects. It was evident, however, that these in vitro-expanded TIL expressing mRNA for TNF alpha and IFN gamma were qualitatively different and therapeutically less efficacious than the T cells associated with ISC or with freshly-isolated TIL. Unlike freshly isolated TIL that expressed specific cytotoxicity towards the 76-9 targets in vitro, IL-2 expanded TIL killed 76-9 cells and unrelated tumor targets to the same extent. A cytotoxic CD8+ T cell line derived from ISC and selected for activity against the 76-9 tumor cells showed no therapeutic efficacy. The data suggest that, in this tumor model, expansion of CD8+ T cells in vitro selects against anti-tumor efficacy.

Animals↗