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Biomedical subjects

R Evans

Publications and source records attributed to R Evans.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Studies on the mechanism of action of Riley virus. 3. Replication of Riley's plasma enzyme-elevating virus in vitro.

A study was made of the replication of Riley virus in various tissue cultures. It was observed that Riley virus replicated in primary mouse embryo cultures for 8 to 12 days. As they aged primary cultures became less susceptible to Riley virus infection, and subcultured cells were not susceptible. Suspensions of virus, in the absence of cells, were inactivated at 36.5 degrees C. Serial passage by transfer of supernatant fluids to fresh embryo cultures was not successful. Replication of the virus was more active in mouse embryo liver cultures than in the cultures of the embryo minus the livers. In cultures of mouse macrophages, the supernatants remained infective throughout the life of the cultures (21 days). The virus was passed 23 times through fresh macrophage cultures over a period of 80 days, during which the original inoculum (10(6.0)ID(50)/ml) was theoretically diluted to 10(-14). The possibility that the cells of the RES are involved in Riley virus replication is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health care reform.

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China↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trauma in elderly people: what proportion of fractures are a consequence of bone fragility?

Epidemiologists have tended to equate osteoporotic fractures with those which occur after only moderate trauma, or which affect elderly people. We set out to critically examine this epidemiological approach, because even among elderly people some fractures will be a result of severe trauma and these cannot be assumed to reflect bone fragility. In a population based study of all Cardiff residents aged over 60 we identified everyone who presented with a fracture during 1996. We considered the events that led to each fracture, to establish which fractures were a result of 'severe' trauma: trauma greater than a fall from a standing height. We identified 1335 people who between them sustained a total of 1372 fractures. 168 (12%) of the fractures resulted from severe trauma, but in people aged over 80 only 6% of all fractures, 4% of hip fractures, and 3% of wrist fractures followed severe trauma. In older subjects severe trauma makes only a very small contribution to the causation of fracture, so that the age-sex distribution of fractures following moderate trauma closely resembles that of fractures overall. For epidemiological purposes it does appear justifiable to equate the consequences of bone fragility with the occurrence of osteoporosis associated fractures in elderly people.

Journal Article↗
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Transcriptional regulation of growth hormone gene expression by growth hormone-releasing factor.

Production and release of hormones by the pituitary is known to be under complex hormonal control. Prolactin, for example, is both positively and negatively regulated by steroid and thyroid hormones as well as by peptide hormones. Some hypothalamic releasing factors have been shown to regulate both hormone biosynthesis and hormone release. In the case of growth hormone (GH), glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone stimulate its production, at least in part by stimulating transcription of the GH gene, and somatostatin inhibits and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) stimulates its release. So far, however, polypeptide hormone regulation of GH biosynthesis has not been demonstrated. Recently a peptide with GH-releasing activity has been characterized from human pancreatic islet tumours. We report here that pure human pancreatic GRF (hpGRF) stimulates transcription of the GH gene, as well as stimulating GH release.

Animals↗
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Captured for consideration--using videotape as an aid to the treatment of the disturbed child.

The use of videotape as a clinical tool to monitor work with children is discussed with reference to a group of three emotionally disturbed children seen weekly in a paediatric assessment and treatment centre. Six particular attributes of videotape are distinguished and illustrated from clinical material: video is a vehicle for discussion; video permits detailed observation; video see things that humans do not; video has a distancing effect; video shares information and video trains in observation and handling techniques. It is suggested that the experience derived from using videotape intensively over a short period can be applied to advantage in other clinical situations.

Affective Symptoms↗
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Sharing the caring: a Swedish approach to short-term care of mentally handicapped children.

The setting up of a short-stay home, which offers temporary care for mentally handicapped children living with their parents in the Swedish county of Ostergötland, is described. It illustrates an approach which parents, care staff and the supervising psychologist have all found satisfactory in contrast to the provision available in hospital units.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent observations on increases in morbidity and mortality from asthma.

There are nearly 20 million persons in the United States suffering from asthma. Nearly 5 million of these are children. This represents an increase in the prevalence of the condition in the past twenty years. In the same time period hospitalization rates for asthma have increased dramatically in the pediatric and adult population. Of greater concern, is a significant increase of deaths due to asthma in the past eight years.

Asthma↗
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Drug allergy.

Undesirable or adverse drug effects occur with 1-15% of drug doses. The mechanisms of these reactions are not always known; however, 5-10% are immunologically mediated allergic reactions. Risk factors for allergic drug reactions include age, type of drug, degree of exposure, and route of administration. Penicillin allergy is the most common example of classical drug allergy. Skin test reagents are available which identify the patient at risk of anaphylaxis from penicillin. These patients can be given penicillin in a carefully monitored desensitization protocol. It is essential to establish first the absolute requirement for the drug in the patient sensitive to it. There are also established methods for administration to the sensitive patient: local anesthetics, measles vaccines, and sulfamethoxazole.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Food allergy.

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Food allergy.

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Diagnosis, Differential↗