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Biomedical subjects

R E Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to R E Gordon.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Orthogonal arrays in normal and injured respiratory airway epithelium.

Orthogonal arrays are found on plasma membranes of glial cells, in the central nervous system, on muscle plasma membranes at neuromuscular junctions, and on a variety of epithelial cells. These structures have been correlated with ion flux. With the aid of freeze fracture technique, orthogonal particle arrays were found on plasma membranes on airway epithelial cells of rats and hamsters. They have been found in abundance at the base of secretory cells throughout normal airway epithelium. These structures were found to increase in number during regeneration in response to injury and they were found in great numbers on plasma membranes of all airway cells in response to acute and chronic NO2 exposure. The lateral and basal plasma membranes of the respiratory epithelium are a new source for studying orthogonal arrays. The normal number and distribution of these arrays can be perturbed in response to mechanical and chemical injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Magnets, molecules and medicine.

This article provides an introduction to high-resolution NMR with discussion of some of the important hardware considerations related to applying high-resolution NMR in medicine and biology. Experience has shown that multidisciplinary groups usually have to be formed to run NMR spectrometers dedicated for biological use, to cope with the demands imposed by the living systems under investigation and use of the spectrometer system. NMR imaging has obviously had a tremendous impact in medicine and many NMR imagers are being installed in hospitals throughout the world. In comparison to the already well established imaging techniques using CT, radioisotopes and ultrasound the overall experience gained so far is limited and there is undoubtedly a lot of work to be carried out before the usefulness of NMR imaging is fully assessed. The usefulness of NMR spectroscopy as a tool in in vivo biological research is clearly established. Originally based on 31P NMR studies the scope and extent of this type of investigation have now been enhanced by the use of 1H, 13C and 19F NMR and therefore will continue to extend our knowledge of metabolism, especially if NMR tracer studies with 13C and 19F can be shown to have real utility in an analogous fashion to radioisotopes. All of the nuclei discussed can be used to study the metabolism of various types of disease including carcinogenesis. With regard to medicine, the results obtained so far are certainly interesting and undoubtedly contributions will be made to the understanding of disease and related metabolism. At this stage, however, it is perhaps too early to say that NMR spectroscopy will become a routine tool in medicine but the rate of progress over the last ten years does suggest that the use of in vivo spectroscopy in medicine does have a significant future.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Predicting length of hospital stay of psychiatric patients.

Data from 105 psychiatric patients in the adolescent, young adult, and older adult age ranges and in various diagnosis-related groups confirmed the hypothesis that patients' length of stay in a hospital for a psychiatric disorder is increased by greater amounts of stress and decreased by higher levels of functioning. The authors propose a formula, length of stay = function of axis IV score/axis V score, to test this relationship. The findings point to a potentially useful approach for making decisions on length of stay, i.e., the use of more reliable scales than the global rating scale of axis V in DSM-III.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

The effects of NO2 on ionic surface charge on type I pneumocytes of hamster lungs.

Pinocytotic vesicles have been found to be common organelles throughout the cytoplasm of Type I pneumocytes. The number of uncoated vesicles were increased in response to acute exposure to NO2. These uncoated vesicles endocytosed horseradish peroxidase. In this study, the aim was to determine plasma membrane surface properties which were induced by NO2 exposure on the Type I pneumocytes of hamster lungs. Cationic ferritin and ruthenium red were used as ionic surface probes. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on thin sections of lung tissue fixed in vivo by vascular perfusion with glutaraldehyde after exposure to NO2 and cationic ferritin. Tissues exposed and fixed were also treated with cationic ferritin or ruthenium red. Transmission electron microscopic examination of glutaraldehyde-fixed Type I pneumocytes demonstrated both coated and uncoated vesicles. Cationic ferritin, which normally binds sparingly to control Type I pneumocytes, had a high affinity for the plasma membranes of Type I pneumocytes after NO2 exposure. Many of the binding sites were associated with vesicles on the basis of presence of bound cationic ferritin in developing and formed vesicles. Cationic ferritin wals also observed in vesicles adjacent to and on the basal lamina in the lungs from hamsters incubated with ferritin for 30 minutes. This indicated that the ferritin is transported across the epithelium by the uncoated vesicles. Ruthenium red, another cationic molecule, was found in the same sites as the cationic ferritin. The data showed that NO2 induced a change in the ionic surface charge, which may have contributed to the formation of uncoated pinocytotic vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Adoptive autoimmunotherapy. Cytotoxic effect of an autologous long-term T-cell line on malignant melanoma.

The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects of an autologous long-term T-cell (LTTC) line were evaluated in a 65-year-old man with metastatic malignant melanoma. The patient's own T-cells were grown from a peripheral blood sample in a lymphocyte-conditioned medium. The cytotoxic effect of the LTTC against the patient's cultured melanoma cells was determined in vitro using the method of 51Cr release. Long-term T-cells produced specific lysis of 34% at an effector:target ratio of 30:1. Using allogeneic melanoma target cells, comparable or greater lysis was obtained in vitro. Long-term T-cells were injected into the infratumor and peritumor regions of two subcutaneous melanoma metastases of a lower extremity. A second injection of one of these lesions was followed 3 days later by an excisional tumor biopsy. Histologic examination showed many lymphocytes and necrotic areas in the injected lesions. Electron microscopic examination revealed numerous areas of lymphocyte-melanocyte membrane contact, membrane thickening, disintegration, hydropic cytoplasmic changes, and irreversible nuclear degenerative changes of melanocytes. Dividing lymphoblasts were also seen. These changes did not occur in noninjected tumor nodules. Long-term T-cell cultures yield immunologically functional cells capable of cytotoxic activity against allogeneic and autochthonous melanoma in vitro and against autochthonous melanoma in vivo. In vivo use after in vitro expansion of autologous immunocompetent cells (adoptive autoimmunotherapy) appears to be a feasible new approach to the study of human tumor immunology and treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

31P NMR studies of resting muscle in normal human subjects.

Study of human tissues using 31P topical Magnetic Resonance is completely atraumatic; it allows simultaneous measurement of the concentrations of many important metabolites and of intracellular pH. In some critical situations, TMR yields more accurate results than those obtained by chemical analysis of tissue biopsies. We have shown that TMR can be calibrated to obtain quantitative measurements in human subjects. We have also shown that theories of control of glycolysis based on regulation by key metabolites of rate-limiting enzymes are inconsistent with the observed changes in intact muscle.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Immunolocalization of myosin and tropomyosin in cells undergoing ciliogenesis during regeneration of rat tracheal epithelium.

During the regeneration of the mucociliary lining of the respiratory airways, many cells differentiate into ciliated cells. Early stages of ciliogenesis in these cells is characterized morphologically by appearance of MTOC, filosomes and centrioles throughout the apical cytoplasm. Tracheas removed during the period of ciliated cell differentiation which occurs 50-60 hr after minor mechanical injury were paraformaldehyde fixed and specific affinity sites for antitropomyosin and antimyosin antibodies were demonstrated by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The epithelium, after development of the osmiophilic reaction product, was embedded in epoxy and observed unstained with an electron microscope. Both antibodies had similar and specific binding sites in filosomes, MTOCs, microfilaments and on the microtubule triplets and foot processes of centrioles. Such localization suggests that these mechanochemical proteins may in addition to microfilament stabilization and contraction serve a specialized function in ciliogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a transplanted brain tumour.

In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance 31P spectroscopy was used to demonstrate different patterns of high energy phosphate metabolism in a group of malignant tumours of glial origin. In some of the more malignant tumours a decrease in adenylate energy charge was found. This was associated with a decline in phosphocreatine and an increase in sugar phosphate and inorganic phosphorus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Peripheral spindle-cell carcinoid tumor of the lung with type II pneumocyte features. An ultrastructural study with comments on possible histogenesis.

A peripheral spindle-cell carcinoid tumor of the lung was studied with the electron microscope. Tumor cells contained dense-core, neurosecretory granules, indicative of their carcinoid identity, and lamellar bodies indistinguishable from those of type II pneumocytes. This observation supports the concept that lung tumors with different histologic and growth patterns may have a common histogenetic basis.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1984

Freeze-fracture analysis of epithelial cell lysosomal inclusions in Crohn's disease.

Ileal epithelial cells from patients with Crohn's disease contain many large electron-dense lysosomal granules. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was utilized to evaluate granule membrane ultrastructure and the interaction between granule contents and granule-limiting membranes. Large apical granules contained 0.1-0.6 micron vesicular inclusions as well as whorl-like myelin figures. The P-fracture face contained discrete membrane specializations on the granule surface that were composed of circular arrays of intramembranous particles. Areas of membrane devoid of intramembranous particles were also seen. These circular arrays and particle-poor regions resemble previously documented areas of membrane fusion. These results are discussed and a number of possible interpretations for their significance in terms of the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Absence of cilia and basal bodies with predominance of brush cells in the respiratory mucosa from a patient with immotile cilia syndrome.

his report describes the ultrastructural alterations observed in the tracheal epithelium of a 13-year-old male with a history of recurrent pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, chronic otitis media, and situs inversus. The epithelium consisted of globlet and basal cells with many columnar cells that lacked cilia and basal bodies. The surface of these cells had regular microvilli and cytoplasmic features typical of brush cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease.

The prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease was made in two at-risk fetuses by the analysis of chorionic villi obtained at 9 and 11 menstrual weeks, respectively. The diagnoses were based on the absence of beta-hexosaminidase A activity as determined by: (1) specific enzyme assays, (2) anion-exchange chromatography, and (3) cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis. The enzymatic diagnoses were confirmed on fetal tissue as well as by ultrastructural demonstration of the first-trimester fetal neuropathology. Optimal assay conditions for beta-hexosaminidase A in chorionic villi were established for the prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease. Importantly, it was noted that a small amount of decidua or maternal blood could lead to misdiagnosis. Thus, extreme care must be taken in the preparation of chorionic villi for Tay-Sachs as well as other prenatal metabolic diagnoses.

Brain↗
PubMed1983

Noninvasive observations of fluorinated anesthetics in rabbit brain by fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance.

Fluorinated anesthetics were observed noninvasively in the brain of intact rabbits with fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High-resolution fluorine-19 spectra of halothane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane were obtained with a surface coil centered over the calvarium. Elimination of halothane from the brain was also monitored by this technique. Residual fluorine-19 signals from halothane (or a metabolite) could be detected as long as 98 hours after termination of anesthesia. These observations demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique to study the fate of fluorinated anesthetics in live mammals.

Animals↗