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Biomedical subjects

R E Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to R E Gordon.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Using the axis V scale to evaluate therapeutic outcome of psychiatric treatment.

This study examined whether the Axis V scale of DSM-III was a useful instrument for coding and evaluating psychiatric patients' response to treatment. It compared outpatients' functional responses to treatment, measured by the Axis V scale used to assess current functioning, with their symptomatic changes. It found that the Axis V scale provided a different dimension of patients' outcome than the symptomatic one. Overall, only 19% of the patients were rated on Axis V as improved functionally, at discharge, as compared to 55% rated as improved symptomatically. However, as outpatients completed more treatment sessions, increasingly larger percentages were rated as improved on the Axis V scale, ranging from 8.5% improved functionally after completing 1-5 sessions to 44.5% improved after 41+ sessions. Symptomatic ratings plateaued after 6-10 sessions, with 80% of the patients being rated as improved symptomatically after completing treatment, no matter how many more treatment sessions they received before discharge. The report discusses the implications of these findings for assessment of psychiatric patients' treatment needs, goals of their treatment programs, and evaluation of treatment outcomes.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1988

Chronic active hepatitis in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The pathologic changes in the liver of a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection are described. The liver biopsy specimens show chronic active hepatitis with bile duct damage. To our knowledge, the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic liver disease in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is not known. In this child, chronic active hepatitis is probably related to hepatitis B.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Cholesteryl ester storage disease: pathologic changes in an affected fetus.

The prenatal diagnosis of cholesteryl ester storage disease, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, was made by demonstration of deficient lysosomal acid lipase activity in cultured amniocytes from an at-risk fetus. The histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the affected fetus (at 17 gestational weeks) are described and compared to findings in liver and duodenal biopsy specimens from a 9-year-old homozygous female. Massive lysosomal cholesterol and lipid accumulation was demonstrated in fetal hepatocytes, adrenal cells and syncytiotrophoblasts. Of particular note was the observation of extensive necrosis in the fetal adrenal glands. Necrosis of the adrenals may precede the calcification observed in some patients with cholesteryl ester storage disease and in most patients with Wolman disease, an allelic variant due to lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Fibrosis of the liver and lipid accumulation in macrophages in liver and duodenum, which were present in the 9-year-old homozygote, were not observed in the affected fetus, and therefore, may represent later manifestations of the disease.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Relating Axes IV and V of DSM-III to clinical severity of psychiatric disorders.

This study examined DSM-III Axes IV and V scores and their ratio among patients in different psychiatric treatment settings. Inpatients' scores and ratios were worse than those of outpatients; longer-term inpatients' scores and ratios were worse than those of shorter-term ones; and chronically ill state hospital inpatients' were the worst.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

Localization of surface vWF on resting and stimulated platelets.

We used immunoelectron microscopic localization techniques to investigate whether platelets stimulated by ADP or ristocetin in the plasma milieu bind von Willebrand factor (vWF) to their surfaces. We found by both peroxidase- and ferritin-based methods that unstimulated platelets lack vWF on their surfaces, whereas platelets that are stimulated with ADP or ristocetin have vWF associated with their surfaces. The specificity of the findings was confirmed by absorption studies using severe von Willebrand disease (vWD) and hemophilic plasmas. The anti-vWF antibodies were blocked by incubation with hemophilic plasma but not by incubation with severe vWD plasma. Thus, in the plasma environment, in the presence of fibrinogen, vWF becomes associated with the platelet surface subsequent to stimulation with ADP or ristocetin.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Predicting postnatal emotional adjustment with psychosocial and hormonal measures in early pregnancy.

This prospective study showed that scores on a socioenvironmental stress questionnaire were related to numbers of crying spells and to estriol levels in pregnancy. Estriol levels in turn were correlated with numbers of antenatal and postnatal crying spells. Stress, hormonal response in pregnancy, and crying during pregnancy each contributed independently to predicting postpartum emotional adjustment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Fat embolism syndrome.

The fat embolism syndrome is clinically evident in approximately 0.5-2.0% of patients with long bone fractures. The clinical signs and symptoms are evident in 60% of patients within 24 hours and 85% of patients within 48 hours after trauma. A patient is reported who complained of dyspnea and hemoptysis approximately 72 hours after sustaining a fracture to the distal tibia and fibula. Radionuclide ventilation/perfusion imaging was obtained to rule out pulmonary thromboemboli. Perfusion imaging demonstrated the characteristic diffuse, subsegmental ("mottled") appearance of fatty emboli to the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chronic effects of nitrogen dioxide on cilia in hamster bronchioles.

Nitrogen dioxide has been shown to have a deleterious effect on the structure and function of respiratory cilia. This study focuses on both the alterations of cilia morphology, and the ciliated cell response induced by nitrogen dioxide, in order to determine the mechanism(s) leading to ciliary dysfunction. Ciliated cells of the respiratory airways of hamsters, exposed to 30 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 5 months, 7 days/week, 22 hours/day, were examined ultrastructurally using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of thin sections, freeze-fracture replicas, and thin sections of tissues treated with cationized ferritin. SEM and TEM preparations appeared to show a generalized reduction in number and length of cilia. It was common to see basal bodies with no ciliary shaft and many cilia at different stages of growth. It was also apparent that the cilia were most fragile just below the ciliary necklaces. After breakage, the plasma membranes of the remaining ciliary stubs covered the exposed basal bodies. During the early stages of ciliary regeneration, freeze fracture replicas showed the emergence of membrane particles which appeared to correlate with cationized ferritin binding sites. As the cilia increased in length, the particles assembled into a necklace-like arrangement, varying in ring number and particle distribution as compared to the 5 to 7 well organized rings observed in controls. In corresponding thin sections, cationized ferritin appeared bound to sites in the region of the ciliary necklace particles. As the cilia developed further, the cationic ferritin binding at these sites diminished. This data suggests that nitrogen dioxide had an affect on the plasma membranes of ciliated cells. One of the major sites affected by the nitrogen dioxide was the ciliary necklace region. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide appeared to lead to increased ciliary fragility, stunted ciliary growth, and loss of ciliary motility. The rings of ciliary necklace particles exhibited an 8.4 degrees +/- 1.3 degree angle of pitch to a perpendicular through the longitudinal axis of the cilium. The measurable pitch and the identification of ciliary necklace "free ends" proximally and distally lead us to hypothesize that the particle arrangement of the ciliary necklace is that of a single spiral and not separate rings.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Tight junction alterations of respiratory epithelium following long-term NO2 exposure and recovery.

Acute exposure to NO2 is reported to disrupt tight junctions in lung epithelium. We have studied the effects of chronic NO2 exposure and recovery breathing clean air to tight junctions of distal airway and alveolar epithelium. Syrian Golden hamsters were exposed to NO2 (30 PPM) for 5 or 9 months and a group of those animals for 9 months were allowed to recover breathing clean air for 3 or 9 months. Animals were sacrificed after 5 and 9 months of NO2 exposure and after 3, and 9 mos. recovery breathing clean air. The lungs were carefully removed, inflation fixed with glutaraldehyde and then processed for freeze fracture and transmission electron microscopy of ultra-thin epon sections. Evaluation of tight junctions of bronchioles and alveoli were disrupted in ultrathin sections and freeze fracture replicas during the period of NO2 exposure. Fibril number, length, degree of fragmentation and orientation were different from age matched controls. The bronchiolar tight junctional fibrils were quantitatively reduced in number and fragmented into much smaller fibril lengths. Alveolar tight junctions were qualitatively disrupted in a similar fashion, however, the sites of damage were focal. During recovery tight junctions in bronchioles did not regain normal fibril number, orientation and continuity, based on quantitative assessment, observed in age matched controls. Alveolar tight junctions remained focally altered. This data indicated that chronic NO2 altered morphologic characteristics of epithelial tight junctions of the lung throughout the period of exposure. The repair process during recovery did not restore the normal tight junction ultrastructural organization observed in age controls. This persistent deviation from the normal is likely to alter and compromise airway epithelial barrier function in the lungs of these hamsters.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Taurine protects hamster bronchioles from acute NO2-induced alterations. A histologic, ultrastructural, and freeze-fracture study.

In this study the authors describe the use of dietary taurine to protect hamster lung epithelium from acute nitrogen dioxide (NO2) injury. The conclusions were based on histologic, ultrastructural, and freeze-fracture analyses. Hamsters were pretreated for 14 days with 0.5% taurine in their drinking water. They were then exposed to either 7 or 30 ppm NO2 for 24 hours. The lungs from animals of these experimental groups were compared with those from hamsters treated with only NO2, and those given only taurine and with untreated controls. After treatment, hamsters were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed through the right side of the heart with a solution containing 1% glutaraldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde, and 0.2 M cacodylate. The trachea and lungs were removed en bloc and stored overnight in cacodylate buffer at 4 C. Terminal and respiratory bronchioles, including alveolar ducts and peribronchiolar alveoli, were dissected from each lobe and processed for embedding in Epon and freeze-fracture replication. Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed the typical inflammatory cell infiltrate in the bronchiolar and alveolar duct regions in the lungs of hamsters exposed to NO2. The bronchiolar epithelium appeared flattened because of loss and breakage of cilia on ciliated cells and apical protrusions of Clara cells. Clara-cell secretory granules were reduced or absent. Freeze-fracture replicas of tight junctions of bronchiolar epithelium analyzed by morphometric techniques demonstrated a reduction and fragmentation of fibrils. Only animals exposed to 30 ppm NO2 exhibited physiologic intercellular penetration of horseradish peroxidase. Hamsters pretreated with taurine and then exposed to NO2 showed none of these alterations. They exhibited the same morphologic features as the untreated controls and the hamsters treated only with taurine. On the basis of this evidence, it is suggested that prophylactic dietary taurine can prevent acute NO2-induced morphologic lung injury. Taurine may also be effective in preventing lung injury induced by other oxidant gases.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Retrovesical myxoid leiomyosarcoma.

An elderly man with a retrovesical leiomyosarcoma is described. This unusual tumor showed a prominent myxoid stroma. The smooth muscle origin of the malignant spindle cells was confirmed by ultrastructural study. Review of the literature has not yielded a similar case.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Immunoaffinity isolation of apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins.

Discrete apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins can be identified when EDTA plasma is fractionated on columns of 4% agarose. The present study has demonstrated, by physical and metabolic criteria, that these apolipoprotein E-containing lipoprotein subclasses may be further isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography. Whole plasma was first bound to an anti-apolipoprotein E immunoadsorbent prior to gel filtration on 4% agarose. After elution from the affinity column and dialysis, the bound fraction was chromatographed on 4% agarose. Discrete subfractions of apolipoprotein E could be demonstrated within elution volumes similar to those observed in the original plasma. When whole plasma was first submitted to gel filtration and the apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins of either intermediate- or of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) size were subsequently bound to anti-apolipoprotein E columns, the bound eluted fractions maintained their size and physical properties as shown by electron microscopy and by rechromatography on columns of 4% agarose. The metabolic integrity of apolipoprotein E-containing very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) was examined by coinjection into a cynomolgus monkey of 125I-labeled apolipoprotein E-rich and 131I-labeled apolipoprotein E-deficient human VLDL which had been separated by immunoaffinity chromatography. The plasma specific activity time curves of the apolipoprotein B in VLDL, intermediate-density (IDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins demonstrated rates of decay and precursor-product relationships similar to those obtained after injection of whole labeled VLDL, supporting the metabolic integrity of VLDL isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography.

Animals↗