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Biomedical subjects

R Drut

Publications and source records attributed to R Drut.

193 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital cutaneous candidiasis diagnosed in cytologic scrapings.

Cytologic scrapings of skin vesicles from an eight-day-old newborn who had a generalized maculopapular, vesicular and pustular rash contained mycelia and ovoid spores of fungal organisms. The cytodiagnosis of cutaneous candidiasis was confirmed by the study of a direct smear and a skin biopsy. The candidiasis was congenital; the 15-year-old mother had had vulvar pruritus prior to delivery. Since the variable clinical picture of this disease must be differentiated from those of other types of congenital dermatitis, an early cytologic study of skin scrapings may prove useful for its rapid diagnosis and treatment.

Candida↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant ectomesenchymoma in childhood.

Five childhood malignant ectomesenchymomas are reported from three centers in three countries. The children were all younger than 3 years (four less than 12 months), four were boys, and four tumors were sited in the pelvis or external genitalia. All tumors had distinctive light microscopic features of rhabdomyosarcoma and three also demonstrated small numbers of included neuronal cells. Immunohistochemical studies and transmission electron microscopy revealed the additional presence of neurogenic components in the remaining two patients. An additional epithelial component was found by immunohistochemistry in one tumor, which suggests a pluripotential origin that still requires karyotypic investigation. Aggressive chemotherapy and adequate surgical excision have thus far been effective in providing disease-free follow-up for periods of 7 to 50 months. It is implied that because the biological behavior and morphology closely resemble those of rhabdomyosarcoma and because the neurogenic component is often inconspicuous, many malignant ectomesenchymomas may be misdiagnosed as rhabdomyosarcomas.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pluripotential melanoblastoma, a unifying concept on malignancies arising in congenital melanocytic nevi: report of two cases.

Congenital melanocytic nevi are benign lesions present at birth and considered to be caused by a maldevelopment of the neural crest. The malignant potential of the congenital melanocytic nevi have been extensively addressed by several authors, and malignant melanoma is the most frequent neoplasm arising in these lesions. The present report describes two patients with congenital melanocytic nevi in which malignant melanoma with undifferentiated areas showing rhabdomyoblastic differentiation developed. The findings suggest that these mixed neoplasms may be recapitulating the differentiation potential of the ectomesenchyme-neural crest cells. We advocate the term "melanoblastoma" when referring to them.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Opportunistic infections in pediatric HIV infection: a study of 74 autopsy cases from Latin America. The Latin American AIDS Pathology Study Group.

The present report describes opportunistic infections found at 74 autopsies of pediatric HIV/AIDS patients performed at several hospitals in Latin American countries. Fungal infections were the most common (53 cases), Candida sp. (39.18%) and Pneumocystis carinii (20.27%) being the most frequently recognized. Other fungal diseases included histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. Viral infections were present in 31 cases, 38.7% being due to cytomegalovirus. Other viruses recognized included herpes simplex and adenovirus. Additional opportunistic infections were due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis. Nonspecific bacterial bronchopneumonia was present in 11 cases. Cytomegalovirus and P. carinii coinfection was the most common association found. In this series patients died at a younger age (72% at or younger than 1 year old) and there was a slightly higher number of cases of histoplasmosis and brain toxoplasmosis than in other previously published series of infants and children.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histopathologic findings in the lymphoid and reticuloendothelial system in pediatric HIV infection: a postmortem study.

The present report describes the histopathological features of lymphoreticular tissues in 29 pediatric autopsies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Mean age for the whole group was 1.77 years; 68.9% and 62% of the cases were 2 years old or less and 1 year old or less at the time of death, respectively. Twenty-one cases were categorized as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the rest included seven HIV-positive newborns and infants and two infants belonging to a high-risk group. The thymus (24 cases) showed severe lymphoid depletion (atrophy) in 16 (66.6%) cases, microcystic transformation of Hassall's corpuscles (HCs) in 4, calcified HCs in 3, absence of HCs in 3, and plasmacytic infiltrates and Warthin-Finkeldey-type multinucleated giant cells (also found in lymph nodes and bowel lymphoid aggregates in the same case) in 1. Lymph nodes (25 cases) revealed extensive lymphocyte depletion (68%); selective follicular (2 cases) or paracortical (3 cases) atrophy; hemophagocytosis (44%); some type of hyperplasia (plasmacytosis, enlarged follicles) in 5 cases; some type of lymphadenitis (12 cases), 5 cases of which were due to opportunistic infections (cytomegalovirus, 2; histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, 1 each). Main findings in the spleen (28 cases) were extensive lymphocyte depletion (10 cases), limited to the white pulp in 4 and including the red pulp in 7; some type of lymphoid hyperplasia (limited to white pulp in 6 cases and involving the red pulp in 5); hemophagocytosis (7 cases); and foci exhibiting a peculiar arrangement of spindle-shaped cells combined with capillaries, plasma cells, and occasionally siderophages in 11. These we have termed kaposiform areas due to the resemblance to the so-called inflammatory variant of Kaposi's sarcoma. This pattern was also recognized in lymph nodes of two cases. Although atrophy was the main theme, cases with hyperplasia were also noticed. The possible relationship, if it exists at all, between kaposiform areas and Kaposi's sarcoma remains to be established. No tumor was found in this series. No specific histopathologic pattern of lymphoid tissues atributable to HIV emerged form this study aside from kaposiform areas, a microscopic feature not previously reported in this circumstance in pediatrics.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗