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Biomedical subjects

R Dominguez

Publications and source records attributed to R Dominguez.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparative study of pentoxifylline vs antiaggregants in patients with transient ischaemic attacks.

Out of 235 patients with recent cerebral transient ischaemic attacks, 208 subjects were available for final evaluation after 6 months' randomised treatment with either pentoxifylline (PTX 1200 mg/day) or a combination (ASAD) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1050 mg/day) and dipyridamole (D, 150 mg/day). Prevention of TIA, stroke or death attributable to previous events were endpoint criteria. The pentoxifylline group (n = 100) exhibited no recurrent episodes in 86 patients (86%). TIA occurred in 9 patients, stroke in 5 patients and there was 1 death. In the ASAD group (n = 108) no recurrence of ischaemic episodes was recorded in 82 cases (75.9%). TIA occurred in 20 patients, stroke in 6 patients and there were 3 deaths of vascular origin. Side effects were recorded in 4 ASAD and 1 PTX patients. The total rate of recurrence was 14% with PTX as compared to 24.1% with ASAD treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Studies on the microheterogeneity of anterior pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone in the female rat. Isoelectric focusing pattern throughout the estrous cycle.

Anterior pituitary (AP) glands were removed from adult female rats at different times throughout the estrous cycle, and the isohormones of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) present within them were separated by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels (PAGE-IEF; pH range 3.0-8.0). Gel eluents were analyzed for FSH content by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and radioreceptor assay (RRA). All AP samples exhibited several peaks of FSH immunoactivity within a pH range of 6.2-4.0; the major peak constantly exhibited an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.9-4.5. To quantify differences in the IEF pattern of AP-FSH between the pituitaries collected during the different days of the cycle, each PAGE-IEF profile was divided into 7 regions (pI 7.0-6.3 = Area 1, 6.2-5.5 = Area 2, 5.4-5.0 = Area 3, 4.9-4.5 = Area 4, 4.4-4.0 = Area 5, 3.9-3.5 = Area 6, and less than 3.5 = Area 7), and the amount of FSH present within each was determined. In all APs collected at 0900 h of diestrus 1 (D1) and 2 (D2), proestrus (P), and estrus (E); at 1300 h of D1, D2 and E; at 2200 h of P; and at 0200 h of E, the majority of FSH immunoactivity (37-55% of total FSH on gel) focused within Area 4, whereas Areas 2 and 3 contained minor amounts of FSH activity (11-26% and 14-24%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Musculoskeletal demands on flamenco dancers: a clinical and biomechanical study.

The flamenco dancer acts on the floor like a drummer. The percussive footwork and vibration patterns created during dancing impose unusual demands on the musculoskeletal system. This study investigated the clinical and biomechanical aspects of this task. Using the electrodynogram and skin-mounted accelerometers, foot pressures as well as hip and knee vibrations were recorded in 10 female dancers after a thorough clinical evaluation. A health questionnaire was also distributed to 29 dancers. Foot pressures and acceleration data reveal the percussive nature of the dance. Some clinical findings, like calluses, are related to pressure distribution. Urogenital disorders, as well as back and neck pain, may be related to the vibrations generated by the flamenco dance form. The hip joint seems to absorb most of the impacts. "Vibration-pressure" diagrams are suggested as a useful tool for evaluating a dancer's biomechanical behavior, as well as the effect of floors and footwear on this behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acute chondrolysis complicating Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

Of 270 children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) disease, roentgenographic evidence of chondrolysis was noted in 12 (4.5%) within one year after diagnosis and appropriate management. Only in six hips of these 12 patients did the retrospective clinical, histological, and orthopedic findings fulfill the diagnostic requirements for chondrolysis. Sequential roentgenographic findings included initial periarticular osteoporosis and subchondral cortical irregularities, subsequent narrowing of the joint space, premature fusion of the growth plate, and eventual development of degenerative arthritis. The early roentgenographic recognition of chondrolysis is emphasized because it has an untoward effect on the prognosis of LCP and should therefore prompt a different orthopedic approach.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Pulmonary hyperinflation and emphysema in infants with the Marfan syndrome.

The Marfan syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder of type I collagen with well recognized skeletal, cardiac and ophthalmological manifestations. Less recognized are the pulmonary manifestations of the disease. Although chronic pulmonary emphysema, interstitial lung disease with honey combing and spontaneous pneumothorax have been sporadically reported, there is no documentation of these abnormalities in the radiological literature. We describe the clinical and radiographic findings in the lungs of four infants with Marfan's syndrome and provide pathologic correlation from autopsy specimens of two of these patients. In addition, we have updated the literature describing the pulmonary abnormalities of this still obscure disorder.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery simulating soft tissue malignancy.

Two patients presenting with false aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery are illustrated. Presentation was remote from the time of trauma and the diagnosis of neoplasm was initially considered in both because of the bony and soft tissue changes. The purpose of this report is to bring attention to the possibility of delayed vascular injury simulating tumor by describing the radiographic features of these two proven cases.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1986

Radiographic features of liver allograft rejection.

The radiographic features of 19 transplanted patients with failure of the liver allograft were evaluated. These features were: poor filling, stretching, attenuation of intrahepatic biliary ducts documented by T-tube cholangiogram, attenuation of branches of the hepatic artery seen on angiogram as well as a decrease of blood flow through the liver seen on angiogram and nuclear medicine dynamic scintigram. These findings were secondary to swelling of the transplanted liver and were not specific for rejection; they may also be present in hepatic infarction or infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Microheterogeneity of anterior pituitary FSH in the male rat: isoelectric focusing pattern throughout sexual maturation.

Anterior pituitary glands were removed from male rats at 5, 10, 15, 18, 21, 28, 30, 40, 50 and 90 days of age, and the multiple forms of FSH present within them were separated by polyacrylamide gel-isoelectric focusing (PAGE-IEF; pH range 3.0-8.0). Gel eluents were analysed for FSH content by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and a specific radioreceptor assay (RRA). All pituitaries studied exhibited one or more peaks of immunoactive FSH within a pH range of 7.0-3.0; the major peak exhibited an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.9-4.0. Between 25 and 56% of anterior pituitary FSH obtained from rats 5-30 days old focused within a pH range of 4.9-4.5, whilst in older animals (greater than or equal to 40 days) this pH range contained 17-27% of the total FSH recovered. In contrast, in animals 40-90 days old, the greatest proportion of immunoactive FSH (42-62% of the total immunoactivity recovered) focused within a pH range of 4.4-4.0; further, only these groups of animals exhibited a significant proportion of anterior pituitary FSH with a pI less than or equal to 3.9. Between 14 and 21% of total FSH from 5- to 30-day-old rats focused within a pH range of 5.4-5.0, whereas in older animals this pH range contained 6-9% of the total FSH recovered. These shifts in FSH pI occurred at the time of appearance of spermiogenesis, at 45 days of age. Although the ratio of the concentration of FSH measured by RRA to that measured by RIA declined as the pI of the anterior pituitary FSH decreased throughout a pH range of 7.0-4.0, the most acidic FSH molecules (pI less than 4.0) showed an abrupt increase in that ratio. These results demonstrate that the transition from sexual immaturity to adulthood is accompanied by qualitative changes of intracellular pituitary FSH. They contrast with previous findings in female rats in which a shift to less acidic anterior pituitary FSH forms was detected at the time of vaginal opening, thus indicating the existence of a sexual dichotomy in terms of the action of gonadal steroids on the type of FSH molecule synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Congenital oesophageal stenosis.

Clinical and radiographic observations in 34 infants and children with congenital stenosis of the oesophagus are reported. (1) Congenital stenosis of the oesophagus occurs more frequently than the previous literature suggests. (2) A congenital stenosis most commonly affects the lower oesophagus at the junction of its middle and distal thirds. (3) High oesophageal stenosis is less common, usually producing respiratory distress. Low oesophageal stenosis is more frequent, usually producing vomiting and oesophageal obstruction at the time the patients begin eating solid foods. (4) Oesophageal stenosis persists into adult life although its clinical course is benign. (5) An infant who vomits undigested food should have an oesophagram for evaluation of possible congenital oesophageal stenosis. (6) A child who impacts a foreign body in the oesophagus, particularly in the distal half of the oesophagus, should have a follow-up oesophagram after removal of the foreign body to assess the possibility of congenital oesophageal stenosis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Pediatric liver transplantation. Part I. Standardization of preoperative diagnostic imaging.

The preoperative radiologic imaging workups of 44 pediatric liver transplantation patients were reviewed. Biliary atresia (43%) and metabolic disorders (33%) with end-stage liver disease were the leading indications for pediatric liver transplantation at our institution. The radiologic imaging examinations included chest and skeletal radiography, upper gastrointestinal tract series, abdominal ultrasonography (US), computed tomography, angiography, and contrast echocardiography. Abdominal US (performed in 38 of 44 patients) was the pivotal screening imaging examination; it was invaluable in determining the patency and size of the extrahepatic portal vein and inferior vena cava. Angiography is mandatory if this vascular anatomy is not established with certainty on sonograms or if malrotation is seen on the upper gastrointestinal tract series. Congenital malrotation should be differentiated from small bowel malposition caused by portoenterostomy in patients with biliary atresia. Vascular anomalies, especially absent portal vein and/or inferior vena cava, in patients with biliary atresia and polysplenia syndrome may preclude liver transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pediatric liver transplantation. Part II. Diagnostic imaging in postoperative management.

The postoperative diagnostic imaging examinations of 44 children who underwent 59 orthotopic liver transplantations were reviewed. The imaging modalities used for the evaluation of suspected complications include plain roentgenography, ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), nuclear scintigraphy, arteriography, percutaneous and operative cholangiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The main postoperative complications included ischemia, thrombosis (hepatic artery and portal vein), infarction, obstruction or leakage of the biliary anastomosis, hepatic and perihepatic infection, and allograft rejection. US, the most frequently used abdominal imaging modality, was best suited for detection of biliary duct dilatation, fluid collections in or around the transplanted liver, and hepatic arterial, inferior vena caval, and portal vein thrombosis. CT was especially helpful in corroborating findings of infection and in locating abscesses. Technetium 99m sulfur colloid (early- and late-phase imaging) provided a sensitive, although nonspecific, means of assessing allograft vascularization and morphology. Angiography showed vascularity most clearly, and cholangiography was the most useful in the assessment of bile duct patency. A diagnostic imaging algorithm is proposed for evaluation of suspected complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Preventive treatment of cerebral transient ischemia: comparative randomized trial of pentoxifylline versus conventional antiaggregants.

A comparative study of the prevention of recurrences of cerebral transient ischemic attacks during a 6-month observation period was conducted in 73 patients treated with a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole (ASAD, 1,050 mg + 150 mg/day) and in 65 patients treated with pentoxifylline (PTX 1,200 mg/day, Trental 400 t.d.s.). The patients were randomly assigned to the treatments. Risk factor analysis showed high prevalence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking in these patients. The two groups were matched in terms of age, sex, blood pressure and site of TIA origin (carotid 63% in the ASAD, 65% in the PTX group). 23 ASAD patients and 9 PTX patients suffered a recurrence. There were 4 nonfatal stroke events with ASAD and 2 with PTX. 80 recurrent TIAs were recorded in 19 ASAD patients compared with 19 such episodes in 9 PTX subjects. The morbidity rates (life table analysis) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the PTX group. The results of the study point to a preventive effect of PTX in terms of the reduction in TIA recurrences.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Multiple exostotic hypochondroplasia: syndrome of combined hypochondroplasia and multiple exostoses.

This is a report of a family with major focus on the daughter who was of short stature. The mother had hypochondroplasia and the father had multiple exostoses. The daughter's skeletal roentgenograms show features of both hypochondroplasia and multiple exostoses. The roentgenographic, clinical and genetic aspects of these skeletal dysplasias are reviewed and hypochondroplasia is contrasted with achondroplasia. The genetic and counseling implications of the association of hypochondroplasia and multiple exostoses are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Neonatal herpes simplex pneumonia: radiographic findings.

The radiologic findings in the lungs of 16 hospitalized neonates with disseminated herpes simplex infection were retrospectively reviewed. A sequential picture was devised of four stages in the evolution of the pneumonitis of this hematogenous infection. The radiologic stages were: Stage I, normal chest; Stage II, prominent perihilar interstitial markings; Stage III, coalescent areas of pulmonary infiltrates; and Stage IV, diffuse alveolar and interstitial disease ("white-out" lungs). In general, the pulmonary abnormalities were widespread and without air trapping. Pleural effusions were noted in one case. All affected neonates died and antemortem clinical and radiological findings were correlated with multiple-organ postmortem histopathologic evidence of viral infection, especially with the associated pneumonia.

Herpes Simplex↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of AP supine vs PA upright methods of chest roentgenography in infants and young children.

Various arguments have been advanced for preferring either the AP recumbent projection or the PA upright projection in chest roentgenography of infants and young children. One prominent argument for PA projection is that it shows less magnification.In a search of the literature, no study could be identified that statistically compares the cardiothoracic ratios in a series of patients with simultaneous PA upright and AP supine chest roentgenograms. This study addresses that point and also examines other factors in the two different projections.A survey of pediatric radiology departments in the United States shows an overall preference for the AP supine projection by a factor of 2:1. Statistical analysis of the two methods in this study demonstrates no significant difference in the cardiothoracic ratios. All other factors considered, the authors are of the opinion that the AP supine projection is more desirable in the infant and young child.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Sensorimotor unit activity related to intention in the pulvinar of behaving Cebus Apella monkeys.

Previous observations made in our laboratory in a waking behaving Cebus Apella monkey revealed that neurons of the Pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus discharged preferentially in relation to intentional movements of the limbs and eyes. We give here a description of further observations made in two waking, behaving Cebus Apella monkeys trained to perform two tasks: in the first to make saccadic eye movements to eccentrically placed visual targets; in the second, to make projection movements of the arm and hand to touch targets within arm's reach. The electrical activity of thalamic neurons was recorded extracellularly and records were made simultaneously of the horizontal eye movements and of tasks events. Four-hundred-sixty-five neurons were studied: of these, the activity of 272 could be correlated with behavioral events, while the remaining 193 could not be correlated or classified in this manner. The cells identified were classed in five groups, as follows: (1) neurons active during attentive fixation of a target, but which did not respond to our ordinary visual test stimuli; (2) neurons active during projection movements of the arm or manipulation with the hand, but which were not active during casual movements of the hand or arm, and which were not activated by passive somatic sensory stimuli; (3) those active before, during or after evoked saccadic movements of the eyes, but which were not activated by our testing visual stimuli; (4) neurons active during tracking movements of the eyes, or during projection movements of the arm, alone, but which discharged maximally when these two events occurred simultaneously; and, (5) neurons active during both saccadic movements of the eyes and during projection movements of the arm. We regularly observed, for each of these classes of neurons of the Pulvinar, that optimal correlated activity depended upon the intentional nature of the associated behavioral events, and the animal's attention to them. We conclude that there exists at the level of the Pulvinar a neural correlate of certain evolving behavioral events, and particularly of intentional activity such as the projection of the arm or the direction of gaze towards targets of interest in the immediately surrounding visual environment. The regions of the Pulvinar containing neurons with these properties are reciprocally related to association areas of the Neocortex known to contain neurons with similar properties. It can then be concluded from both anatomical and electrophysiological observations that the Pulvinar is an essential part of the system controlling these complex behavioral events.

Afferent Pathways↗