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Biomedical subjects

R Daum

Publications and source records attributed to R Daum.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Injuries of the distal radial epiphysis.

From 1964 to 1971 76 children with injuries of the wrist near the radial epiphysis were treated. On this occasion secondary injuries of the ulnar epiphysis, the styloid process ulnae, as well as concommitant bend-fractures of the distal ulna were found. Thirty-one of the patients were able to undergo a clinical and X-ray follow-up program. Restricted movements were not found; however radiologically deviations especially dorsally up to 15 degrees were found. In 5 concommitant strain fractures of the styloid process ulnae 4 pseudarthrotic healings of these strain fractures could be seen. During the follow-up these patients complained of pain after extended periods of utilisation or work involving the wrist. In 2 more patients, also complaining of pain after longer usage of the wrist joint, no objective cause could be found. The possibility of a posttraumatic structural disturbance in the distal radio-ulnar joint is discussed.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1980

[Thyroid carcinoma in children (author's transl)].

In about 50% the thyroid carcinoma in childhood presents regional lymphnode metastases as leading symptom. The "cold nodule" is the typical scintigrafic equivalent of thyroid cancer in infants. Papillary carcinoma is the predominating histologic type (80%) with a good prognosis. Radical removal of the thyroid lobe with the primary lesion and subtotal resection of the opposite lobe, combined with selective neck dissection if necessary seems to improve the results. Scintigrafic control postoperatively detects malignant remnant tissue for 131-iodine-treatment, finally TSH-suppressive hormone administration is followed. In our own cases the survical rate in 25 children was at least more than 90%.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1979

[Animal experiments on the hemodynamics of prehepatic portal hypertension before and following various methods of portacaval anastomosis].

In 24 dogs (29 +/- 5,7 kg) general and intestinal hemodynamics were measured during acute prehepatic portal hypertension before and after mesentericocaval, splenorenal, and splenocaval (SCA) shunt. From the hemodynamic point of view the SCA is superior because of its complete venous decompression of the region of the spleen and cardia and a greater blood flow to the liver. Furthermore shunt flow, and consequently volume load imposed on the general circulation, is significantly smaller in SCA.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mortality of preoperative peritonitis in newborn infants without intestinal obstruction.

Within a period of 15 years 649 neonates were subjected to laparotomy; 60 (9%) of these patients died. Eighty-seven of the patients had a peritonitis already preoperatively without intestinal obstruction. Many of these were cases of ruptured omphaloceles or gastroschisis. In 17 infants a spontaneous intestinal perforation was the cause of the peritonitis. In 13 there was a preexisting meconium peritonitis. Seven children suffered from gangrenous intestine. Further causes for preoperative peritonitis were a complicated enteritis in 7 and a perforated appendix in 2 cases. Twenty-five or 29% of the children died. The highest mortality was found in children with ruptured omphalocele. It was 50% followed by gastroschisis with 36%. The mortality in patients with spontaneous intestinal perforation was rather similar, and the same high fatality rate was observed in infants with gangrenous intestine. In 28% of the children no cause for the peritonitis could be discovered. The high mortality rate is primarily due to the infants' bad general condition, i.e., low birth weight, prematurity and additional severe malformations.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1979

[Portal hypertension - surgery during childhood (author's transl)].

Portal hypertension in children and infants is rare. It is caused in 75% of the cases by prehepatic obstruction of the portal vein, liver parenchyma being essentially unimpaired. Thus most of these cases may be cured, if the pathological hemodynamic situation can be corrected. The nature and extent of pathologic changes vary widely, thus the surgical approach has to be rather individual. The most important aim is to avoid esophageal bleeding but more has to be done to cure the underlying disease. 50 different surgical approaches have been described; when selecting one of these it has to be taken into account if and to what extent portal pressure has to be lowered, and how portal venous and hepatic arterial blood flow are to be influenced.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMed1978

Alterations of rat liver subsequent to heat overload.

Since pathological changes in the liver are among the consistent findings in humans subsequent to heatstroke, specimens were taken from the liver in rats during a study to assess the rat as a model for human heatstroke. Tissues from four groups of rats were processed for light and electron microscopy. The groups consisted of control rats, rats run to exhaustion at 5 C, rats exhausted at 26 C, and rats restrained at 41.5 C until their rectal temperatures reached 42.3 C. Exhaustive exercise at 5 C produced neither fatalities nor pathological changes in the livers. Exhaustive exercise at 26 C and restraint at 41.5 C were fatal for most rats. Histological and/or ultrastructural changes, which included centrilobular necrosis, vacuolization and diminution of hepatocellular microvilli, and loss of sinusoidal endothelium, were observed in livers from rats that were run to exhaustion at 26 C and from those rats restrained at 41.5 C. This work supports the validity of the rat model, since human heatstroke results in similar hepatic changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Sclerosis of the intestinal tract with severe malabsorption.

The clinical findings and pathological changes in a 14 year old boy who died from severe malabsorption are presented. Early signs of the illness were attacks of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and intermittent periods of constipation. Later, severe malabsorption together with chronic ileus were apparent but no organic obstruction was found at several laparotomies. X-ray examination revealed extremly distended intestinal loops and a very slow transit time of barium. Malnutrition could not be improved by dietary, medical, or surgical therapy. Microscopic examination of the tissues obtained at autopsy showed changes in the small vessels of the lungs, heart, kidneys, and intestine. Increased fibrous tissue combined with atrophy of the muscular coat was observed in the wall of the entire intestine. Although cutaneous changes of scleroderma were not evident the deposition of collagenous material and the vascular changes seem typical of systemic sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Advances in the treatment of malignant tumors in childhood: Wilm's tumor as an example (author's transl)].

The advances in the treatment of the Wilm's tumor have been made both surgically and in the conservative field. Extirpation through a lateral incision has given way to the broad transabdominal exposure. Inoperable tumors are very rare. Cytostatics like actinomycin D and vincristine are already applied intraoperatively. The choice of cytostatic and the duration of cytostatic therapy is adjusted to the intraoperative staging. The Society for Pediatric Oncology has worked out a modified plan of treatment in accordance with the growth of the tumor, in addition irradiation is applied according to the tumor staging. The results are stated as between 60 and 70%, the histology of the tumor and the age of the child, in addition to the growth of the tumor, being especially important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Fracture in polytraumatized children (author's transl)].

The appropriateness of surgical therapy in polytraumatized children is influenced by a series of facts, such as severe additional injuries, the age of the child, type and localization of the fracture etc. Fractures of the neck of the femur and fractures involving extensive injuries of soft tissue are an indication for immediate operative treatment. Transepiphyseal fractures and fractures in cases of additional cerebral contusion are an indication for early treatment. Fractures of the forearm or the lower leg are treated conservatively after the stabilization of circulation (wiring, plaster cast).

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1976

[The wall of primary hydrocele in childhood. Light and electron microscopic findings (author's transl)].

Hydroceles of infants and children are characterized by edematous wall-thickening, caused by lacking lymph vessels and venous congestion. The morphologic and clinical differences between hydroceles of infants and children favor the following hypothesis: Pathologically increased filtration of fluid from the parietal tunica vaginalis can't be drained into the peritoneal cavity because the processus vaginalis closes too early and gives raise to hydrocele.

Age Factors↗